Amagilebhisi amaKishmish akhazimulayo ahlukahlukene adonsela ukunakwa ngamajikijolo awo amnandi futhi amahle angenazithelo, iziqu ezinkulu kanye nesivuno esiningi. Le nhlobonhlobo inezinzuzo eziningi, yize ibingenabo ubunzima. Kodwa-ke, lapho sejwayelana nobuntu bokutshala nokunakekela, noma umlimi wokuqala ongahlwanyelwa angakhiqiza umdumba okhanyayo.
Umlando ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi izinhlobo isithombo
Izinhlobonhlobo zemisebe yeKishmish zaqanjwa ngabazalisi baseMoldova cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule. Ukuthola le-hybrid, izinhlobo ezi-2 zithathwe njengesisekelo: Cardinal and Pink Kishmish. Umsebenzi oyinhloko abasebenzi be-NIIIViV ababhekene nawo ukuthola izinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi le nhloso yenziwa yibo.
Incazelo yamagilebhisi ahlukahlukene e-Kishmish radiant
Amagilebhisi anhlobonhlobo angawezinhlobo zezithelo zetafula elingaphakathi kwenkathi engenasikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezinsuku ezingama-130. Ngenxa yemizamo yabafuyi bezithelo, amagilebhisi anamakhasi aqinile, kutholakala umvini oqinile impela kanye namajikijolo apinki abomvu. Igama lamagilebhisi "liqhakazile" ngenxa yokuthi amajikijolo avuthiwe abonakala ekhanya ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga kusuka ngaphakathi.
Amagilebhisi ama-radiad adonsela ukunakekela kwabatshali beewayini abaningi ngenxa yezinzuzo eziningi:
- Izici zomvini ziyakuvumela ukuba zibekwe ebusweni bomhlaba futhi zivikelekile ubusika;
- ukuhlinzeka ukuvikela ebusika, iqabunga lingatshalwa ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibuhlungu;
- amajikijolo angenazinhlamvu, amnandi, anomhluzi futhi anamyama;
- cishe ama-70% amahlumela athela izithelo, ngaphezu kwalokho, umvini uvuthwa kahle;
- Ama-bunches makhulu, okuvumela ukuthi uqoqe isivuno esihle esihlahleni esisodwa;
- amakhasi aminyene amajikijolo ahlinzeka ukuthutha okuhle, ngaphandle kwamaqhubu anesethulo;
- ukugcinwa kwesithelo isikhathi eside esihlahleni.
Amagilebhisi omile abonakala ngezihlahla ezinamandla, umvini oqinile nejikijolo ebomvana ebomvana.
Ngaphandle kwezimpawu eziningi ezinhle, iRadiant Kishmish inezingqinamba zayo:
- iziqu ezinesisindo esikhulu (ngaphezu kwe-1 kg) kuholela kumagatsha aphulayo;
- isikhathi sasebusika, umvini udinga indawo yokukhosela ngokucophelela;
- isidingo sokuvikela izitshalo kusuka ku-isikhutha ne-phylloxera;
- izithelo ngenxa yokudla iminyovu kokuqukethwe okunoshukela;
- ngamaqoqo amakhulu (ngaphezu kwama-50 cm), amajikijolo avuthwa kahle;
- ukunakekelwa okunekhono kwehlathi kuyadingeka.
Izici zezithelo zomvini
Amagilebhisi emisebe anezhlahla eziphakathi nendawo noma ezinde. Amaqabunga ezinhlobonhlobo ahlukaniswe, aphakathi nendawo, ayindilinga. Ibhulashi lamagilebhisi livame ukudlula ku-40 cm ubude futhi libe nesisindo esilingana no-0.5 kg. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, isisindo sesixuku sidlula i-1 kg. Izithelo zosayizi ophakathi 2,5 * 2.2 cm kanye nesisindo esilingana no-3-4 g. Ukwakheka kwamajikijolo kunwebekile nge-oval ngesikhumba esibomvana. I-pulp iminyene ngokunambitheka okuhambisanayo ne-tint ekhanyayo ye-musky. Okuqukethwe ushukela kwamajikijolo kuluhlu lwe-17-21%.
Iqoqo elikhulu lamagilebhisi libonakaliswa ngamaqoqo amakhulu anobude obungaphezu kwama-40 cm nesisindo esilingana no-0.5 kg.
Izici zokutshala nokukhula kwamagilebhisi izinhlobo ze-Kishmish radiant
Isihluthulelo sesivuno esihle somagilebhisi asemisebeni ukutshala okufanele nokunakekela ngokucophelela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kuzohlupheka, futhi esimweni esibi kakhulu, isitshalo singafa nakancane.
Ukufakelwa
Ukutshala amagilebhisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo, kubalulekile ukukhetha isiza lapho isitshalo siyozizwa sibanzi. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla ezikulayini kufanele okungenani libe yi-2 m, phakathi kwezintambo ukusuka kumamitha ayi-3. Njengoba amagilebhisi omile aqhakaza izithombo ezinjengeFlamingo, iLaura, ubomvu, lapho-ke kuzotshalwa, lezi zitshalo kumele zishintshwe. Enye yezinto ezenziwa yile Kishmish, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zamagilebhisi, isidingo sokutshala endaweni enomoya owanele.
Ukutshala izilimo kungenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ngokuqondene nesikhathi, kufanele ugxile ezimweni zezulu zasendaweni. Entwasahlobo, isiko litshalwa kusuka eminyakeni eyishumi ka-Ephreli kuya kweshumi lesithathu likaMeyi. Okokuqala, kutshalwa izithombo ezinotshani, kamuva zibhekana nokusikwa okuluhlaza. Ngenqubo yekwindla, amasiko angatshalwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba kuze kube yiqhwa lokuqala. Isici sokutshala ekwindla yisidingo sokuvikelwa okuphelele kwezitshalo esimweni sezulu esibandayo esizayo.
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokutshala izithombo zezinhlobonhlobo ezibhekwayo, kubalulekile ukwenza izinyathelo eziningana zokulungisa izinto zokutshala:
- Uhlelo lwezimpande zezithombo seluthwelwe okungenani usuku emanzini noma ezikhulisweni zokukhula, ngokwesibonelo, i-potassium noma i-sodium humate.
- Ngemuva kokugcotshwa, amahlumela anconywe ngamehlo e-2-4.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo akufanele zishiywe emoyeni omusha, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa indwangu emanzi noma isitsha esinezimbotshana zobumba (i-liquid yobumba).
- Ngenxa yohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, umgodi wokufika wenziwa ngobukhulu obungu-0.8 * 0,8 m.
Ividiyo: kulungiswa izithombo zamagilebhisi zokutshala
Kuhle ukulungiselela umgodi wokufika ekwindla noma okungenani inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo. Njengomhlabathi wezakhi usebenzisa ingxube yenhlabathi yalokhu okulandelayo:
- umhlaba omnyama noma umhlaba ongaphezulu - amabhakede ama-5;
- umlotha - 1 l;
- umquba - amabhakede ama-4;
- Umanyolo we-phosphate - 150 g.
Ngokutshala amagilebhisi, udinga ukulungisa ingxube yenhlabathi ye-chernozem, umlotha, umanyolo we-phosphate kanye nomquba
Inqubo yokutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi incishiswa kulezi zenzo ezilandelayo:
- Ungqimba lwamanzi ayi-10 cm olitshe elichotshoziwe noma izitini ezaphukile lithululelwa emgodini.
Njengokudonswa kwamanzi, ungqimba lwezitini eziphukile noma amatshe amatshe athelwa phansi komgodi wokufika
- Zonke izinto ezilungiselelwe zithululelwa ngesibalo kangangokuba amasentimitha angama-50 asala emaphethelweni womgodi, bese zihlanganiswa kahle futhi zichithwe kahle ngamanzi ukuze umhlaba uhlale.
- Ngemuva kokuthola umswakama, isithombo siyatshalwa, kusatshalaliswe uhlelo lwempande ngokulinganayo.
Lapho utshala isivuno somvini emgodini, uhlelo lwempande lusatshalaliswa ngokulingene
- Bazalisa umgodi wokufika emaphethelweni, okuthi lapho umhlaba kusukela ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi, owasala ngemuva kokumba umgodi, ufaneleke.
Umgodi wokufika ugcwaliswa emaphethelweni, ongawusebenzisa kuwo umhlaba osele ngemuva kokumba umgodi
Abatshali abanokuhlangenwe nakho emgodini wokutshala bafaka ucezu wepayipi lapho ngokuzayo luzoniselwa futhi luvundiswe.
Ividiyo: Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kwamagilebhisi
Ukunisela
Ama-raadix omsakazo adinga ukuthambisa okujwayelekile futhi okulinganiselayo, amanani awo ancike ngqo kuhlobo lomhlabathi kanye nesimo sezulu. Uma isivuno sitshalwa emhlabathini we-chernozem, khona-ke amabhakede ama-5-6 kwisitshalo ngasinye azokwanela. Kwenhlabathi enesihlabathi, kuzodingeka amabhakede amanzi ayi-10. Phakathi kokunisela kuyadingeka ukugcina isikhathi sezinsuku ezingama-3-4. Uma isimo sezulu lina, ukuthambisa kufanele kubambezeleke.
Amagilebhisi omisebe adinga ukuthambisa ejwayelekile nalinganiselayo, umthamo wawo kuncike esimweni sezulu kanye nohlobo lomhlabathi
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Izinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe nguKishmisha zisabela kahle ekunakekelweni kokudla okunempilo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukwandisa isivuno ngomanyolo kungenzeka kuphela uma umanyolo usesimweni efinyeleleka ezitshalweni. Iningi labathengisi beviniga basebenzisa umlotha wokhuni njengokuphakelwa kwabo, bezama ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi lezi zinto azisebenzi futhi zizofinyelela ohlelweni lwezimpande ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-3-4 ngaphansi kwethonya lokunisela okukhulu nemvula. Ukusuka kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi inketho engcono kakhulu yokufaka umquba esivinini yizisombululo zamanyolo eziwuketshezi.
I-Wood ash ingumanyolo omuhle, kepha izakhamzimba zifinyelela ohlelweni lwezimpande kuphela emva kweminyaka embalwa
Entwasahlobo, isiko londliwa nge-ammonium nitrate (2 tbsp. Ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi), imvamisa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, bese kuthi kamuva kusetshenziswe isixazululo esifanayo, kepha ngokufakwa kwe-1 tbsp. l potassium sulfate. Amagilebhisi asabela kahle ekugqokeni okuphezulu kwefoliar. Isitshalo esithola izinto ezinjenge-zinc, i-boron, i-manganese, sisiza ukukhulisa umkhiqizo ngo-15-20%. Kunconywa ukondla iqabunga eliluhlaza ngesisombululo se-borax (5 g nge-10 l lamanzi). Njalo emva kweminyaka engama-2-3 kuvuniwe, inhlabathi ivundiswa ngomanyolo we-organic (umquba, i-mullein).
Kokubili umanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali asetshenziselwa ukondla amagilebhisi, ukuwasebenzisa ngaphansi kwempande, nangamaqabunga
Umanyolo akufanele uhlukunyezwe, ngoba uma ukhipha ngokweqile, amahlumela ayoqina, ukuqhakaza kuhlale isikhathi eside, kanti amaqanda azokwakha buthaka.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Bush
Isihlahla esenziwe kahle i-Radiant Kishmish kufanele sibe nezithombo ezingafika kweziyisishiyagalombili ngomugqa oyi-1 metres. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi kwandise inani labo libe ngu-10. Phakathi kwamagatsha esihlahla kunconywa ukushiya ibanga okungenani le-1 m. Esikhathini esiningi, izihlahla zamehlo ze-8-12 zisetshenziselwa lolu hlobo. Umphumela uba olandelayo: uma isiko selidala, khona-ke endaweni eyi-4-6 m² kuzoba khona amahlumela acishe abe ngu-20-25, bese kuthi isitshalo esincane - kungabi ngaphezu kwe-12.
Lapho wenza isiko, kuyadingeka ukushiya inkuni enkulu. Ukugawulwa komvini kuyenziwa ngokuya ngeminyaka yayo. Uma umkhono umncane, khona-ke akukho ngaphezu kwamehlo ayi-2-3 asikiwe, futhi kwisikhwama esidala ungasika ngokuphepha kuze kube amehlo ayi-14. Esihlahleni ukushiya amehlo angaphezu kwama-35 womthwalo ophelele awukufanele. Ngendlela efanele yokwakheka, ekugcineni kwenqubo, isihlahla akufanele sibe nemivini engaphezu kwe-4 ngobude obungamamitha amathathu. Ingxenye engehla yes shrub izothela izithelo, kanti ingxenye engezansi izokwakha imikhono.
Ukuthola isivuno esihle samagilebhisi omile, kuyadingeka ku-ration
Ungakhohlwa ngokulinganisa isivuno futhi ungashiyi amabhulashi angaphansi kwembumbulu eyodwa, ngoba kungahle kube nokuntuleka kwe-potassium, futhi nezithelo zizolahlekelwa ubumnandi bazo futhi zibe zincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhekeka kwamajikijolo nokuvuthwa kamuva kungenzeka. Uma singakunaki ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo futhi sishiya amagilebhisi amaningi kakhulu, khona-ke ngonyaka olandelayo isivuno singaba sezingeni eliphansi (sincane futhi silahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwejikijolo) noma ngeke sikhona nhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isitshalo sizodinga ukuphumula.
Ividiyo: Ukwakhiwa kwamagilebhisi esihlahleni
Ukuvikelwa kobusika
Amagilebhisi omisebe awavimbelani neqhwa, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala kokubanda kobusika, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kukhoselwe isihlahlana. Inqubo yenziwa ekwehleni kokushisa kuka -5-7 ° C. Izinkomba zokushisa ezinje zifaka isandla ekuqiniseni isihlahla. Ukuvikela, ungasebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene ezithuthukisiwe, ezifana nesaladi, izinaliti, imicu yotshani, umhlaba, ngokumba kokuqala imisele. Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa i-tyrsa, ngoba kuholela ekuqinisekiseni inhlabathi.
Ungamboza amagilebhisi ebusika ngezindlela ezihlukile: usebenzisa utshani, isigaxa, amaqabunga, umhlaba
Isherishi lamagilebhisi kufanele ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi lapho kukhululeka ancibilikisa amanzi, i-icing yama-rhizomes zezitshalo ingagwenywa. Umvini osemusha, onokuguquguquka okwanele, ugobile emhlabathini futhi umbozwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo. Amahlumela amakhulu afakwa ngemicu yotshani, futhi ngamagatsha amakhulu enza izindlu ngamabhodi noma ngesilayidi.
Ividiyo: ukuvala amagilebhisi ebusika
Lapho ukwenziwa izithelo kwenzeka
Omunye wemibuzo othakazelisa abaqala iwayini, kuqala nini ukukhanya kishmish ukuthela izithelo? Kungabukeka kumangalisa, kepha isivuno salokhu okuhlukahlukene ngokunakekelwa okufanele nangokuthena ingatholakala ngonyaka olandelayo ngemuva kokutshala. Impela, inani laso lizoba lincane, ngokulandelana kwamaqoqo amaningana, kodwa nokho kuzokwazi ukunambitha leligilebhisi.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo zeKishmish ezikhazimulayo, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zaseYurophu, zidinga izindlela zokuvimbela izifo. Abatshali abanolwazi bancoma ukuthi unamathele kule mithetho elandelayo, ukugcinwa kwayo okuzogcina impilo yomvini wakho:
- Ngenkathi, izihlahla ziphathwa amahlandla ama-4 ngama-fungicides (Quadris, Topaz, Strobi, Bordeaux liquid).
- Ukulwa ne-isikhutha kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izixazululo zeNitrafen noma i-iron sulfate, kulandela imiyalo yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
- Ngokumelana nokutheleleka ngegciwane, fungus yeBordeaux, iPolychome noma i-chloroxide (3%) iyasetshenziswa.
- Uma i-oidium itholakala ezihlahleni, kusetshenziswa isisombululo sesibabule se-colloidal (100 g nge-10 wamalitha amanzi).
- Ebusika, ingaphezulu lomhlaba elizungeze isivini lifafazwa ngeNitrafen noma i-iron sulfate (3%).
Olunye lwezifo zezinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi lukhuni, ukulwa nalo olusebenzisa isisombululo se-iron sulfate noma i-Nitrafen
Izinambuzane ezinambuzane nazo zingalimaza izihlahla ze-Kishmish radiant futhi zilimaze isivuno. Ukugwema ukuphanga amajikijolo, amahlumela kumele asuswe ngesikhathi, kugwema ukunqwabelana okukhulu kwesithelo. Izinhlobonhlobo okukhulunywa ngazo zingahlaselwa yilezi zinambuzane ezilandelayo: amaqabunga ezinhlamvu, amabhungane, imichilo, njll. Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinjengeNitrafen, Fozalon, Chlorophos kuzodingeka.
Ividiyo: izifo zamagilebhisi nokulawula kwazo
Abalimi ababuyekeza ngezinhlobonhlobo
I-Kishmish Radiant - amagilebhisi amnandi futhi amahle! Iziqu zalo zimane zimangaze umbono nosayizi - lapho ngiqala ukubona ibhulashi, angizange ngikholwe masinyane ukuthi iSITSHA singatshalwa uma ungahlali ezifundeni eziseningizimu! Kepha usayizi weqembu udlala ihlaya elinesihluku nezinhlobonhlobo - isixha asinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke kufanele sifinyezwe ngo-1/3 noma ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Futhi lokhu kuhlukahluka kunesithiyo esisodwa - hhayi ukumelana nesithwathwa okuphezulu kakhulu kohlelo lwezimpande, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, lokhu kubuya kungaqedwa kalula - udinga kuphela ukutshala ihlumela esitokweni esilwa nesithwathwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amagilebhisi amnandi!
Elena//sortoved.ru/vinograd/sort-vinograda-anishmish-luchistyj.html
Ngijabule kakhulu ngokukhanya kwe-Kishmish, umholi ongashayi mkhuba weKishmish, oqinile, okhiqizayo, opinki kanye ne-natimeg. Futhi ibanga hhayi i-gf. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngithola isivuno, ngokungafani neVeles eqhuma minyaka yonke (ihlanza iminyaka emi-4 ilandelana ngokungenasizungu). Ngicabanga izinhlobo ezingakhohliwe ngokungafanele. Abaningi abasuka kude nabasolwa bezempi bayazisola bese bekhipha izinto ezintsha ezifihlekile ukuthi zifihlwe ngaphansi kwamatshe angaphansi kwamanzi.
zrt//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=413&page=203
Epulazini lethu, i-Radish kishmish ibilokhu ikhula kusukela kuma-90s. Impande uqobo, angizibonanga izilonda ngesikhathi sokuprinta. Kuyamangaza ngokukhula okuqinile nokusabela ekunakekelweni okuhle. Ngonyaka odlule, amanani atholakala ngo-Agasti 15 (ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti), ngokusobala, umbuso wokushisa wabamba iqhaza. Naphezu kwencazelo yokumelana nesithwathwa, ngingasho ukuthi: kulobu busika kwakungu-35 ° C (indawo yokubeka ifilimu ephindwe kabili), amagilebhisi omdabu waseBulgaria akhathazekile ngakho, akhula eduzane. Amagilebhisi omoya aqhakaza angakaze abe khona ngaphambili.
Peter//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=49.0
Ngemuva kokuthatha isinqumo sokutshala i-Kishmish ekhanyayo, kuzodingeka unakekele ukwakheka kwesihlahla, ukuvala amagilebhisi ebusika, ukumnika ukuvimba okufika ngesikhathi nokuvikelwa ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Kulesi simo kuphela lapho umuntu angabheka khona ukukhula okujwayelekile kanye nokuzithelo ezinhle iminyaka eminingi.
