Imenyu yamagilebhisi: kanjani ukondla umvini futhi usondla kanjani

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi amagilebhisi awathobeki ekukhetheni kwenhlabathi, noma ngabe uwuphi ofanele, ngaphandle kwezimbiza ezinosawoti nezixhaphozi. Ngokukhula kwakhe, akadingi ikakhulukazi umhlaba ovundile, uzizwa emkhulu emhlabathini onamadwala nesihlabathi. Kepha uma sifuna ukutshala umvini onikeza isivuno esikhulu, kuzodingeka siwondle sonke isikhathi sokukhula.

Imenyu yamagilebhisi

Amagilebhisi - umvini wokhuni ongapheli womndeni wamagilebhisi. Amahlumela amagilebhisi - imivini - angafinyelela ubude bamamitha ambalwa. Bangabagibeli abahamba phambili: bebopha izimpondo zabo eziyishumi emagatsheni, okwahlukaniswa ngalo, emigodini, bagibela kalula emiqheleni yophahla, ophahleni lwama-arbor, emidwebeni nakwezinye izakhiwo. Izithelo - amajikijolo anejusi yokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu - aqoqwe ngesixha esimnandi.

Umlando womsuka wamagilebhisi usukelwe esikhathini esidlule seminyaka eminingi, futhi akunandaba ukuthi ngubani futhi nini owayengowokuqala ukuthola lokhu kudalwa okumangalisayo kwemvelo, kubalulekile ukuthi sehlele kithi, sikhuliswe ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle futhi sijabulisa ngobukhazikhazi bokukhetha nokunambitheka.

Izihlahla zomvini, zigcinwa yilanga nezandla ezinakekelayo, zijabulisa ngokunambitheka okukhulu

"Akukho bumnandi obukhulu emhlabeni kunokuzwa iphunga lesivini esiqhakazayo ..."

Pliny umdala

Ukuqoqwa kwezilinganiso

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamagilebhisi kuqala "kusuka kubisi". Umgodi wokutshala ucijwe nokuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi, ama-organised enezitshalo kanye namaminerali ukuze isihlahla esincanyana sibe nokudla okwanele konyaka noma emibili ezayo. Inikelwe ngu:

• Amabhakede ama-1-2 we-humus noma umquba obolile;
• I-200 g ye-superphosphate ne-150 g ye-potassium sulfate (noma ilitha eli-1 lomlotha).

Ngemuva kwalokho ungaqala ukugqoka okuphezulu nezimpande. Ukuze uthole ukondliwa okufanele kwezihlahla zomvini zamagilebhisi, kusetshenziswa umanyolo we -organic ne-organic.

Umanyolo wamaminerali

Ama -organic, noma amaminerali, umanyolo yile:

• elula, ehlanganisa into eyodwa (phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium);
• yinkimbinkimbi, ehlanganisa izinto ezingama-2-3 (isibonelo, i-azofoska, i-potrateum nitrate, i-ammophos);
• eyinkimbinkimbi, kufaka phakathi inkimbinkimbi ehlanganisiwe yamaminerali nama-microelements (isibonelo, i-Biopon, ishidi elihlanzekile, i-AVA, i-Zdorov, iSuper Master, i-Novofert, i-Plantafol). Izinzuzo umanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi:
  • ukulinganisela ekwakhekeni kanye nokuqoqwa kwezinto;
  • aqukethe zonke izinto ezidingekayo zesitshalo esithile;
  • lula umsebenzi we-viniga ngokubala ngesikhathi sokufaka isicelo.
    

    Umanyolo "Womvundisi" kunconywa ukuthi usetshenziswe ngemuva kokuqedwa kwemivini yezimbali

Eminye yemanyolo yezimbiwa ibaluleke kakhulu ngamagilebhisi.

Potassium

Akunandaba ukuthi “sinambithe” kangakanani amagilebhisi ethu, uma i-potassium ingekho kumenyu, umvini uzowudinga, ngoba i-potassium:

• kusiza ukukhula okusheshayo kwamahlumela;
• kusheshisa inqubo yokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo;
• kwandisa okuqukethwe kwabo ushukela;
• neqhaza ekuvinjelweni kwesikhashana komvini;
• isiza isihlahla samagilebhisi ukusinda ebusika, futhi ehlobo ukumelana nokushisa.
  

  Emhlabathini neningi elanele lomswakama, usawoti we-potassium ngaphansi komvini ungafakwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo

I-Azofoska

I-Azofoska ngumanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi obandakanya izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuleyo ndawo edingwa isitshalo, amagilebhisi adingekayo ukuthola isivuno esihle nokusekelwa kwesihlahla:

• nitrogen
• potaziyamu
• phosphorus
  

  I-Azofoska isetshenziselwa ukutshala ngaphambi kokutshala nokutshala ngaphansi komvini

Umanyolo usetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili:

• ukwethulwa okuqondile kwendaba eyomile emhlabathini;
• ukuthulula ikhambi ezimpandeni ngamapayipi amanzi noma ngemisele.

Urea

Urea (urea) ungomunye womanyolo main nitrogen ezidingekayo amagilebhisi, ineqhaza:

• ukukhula ngokushesha komvini;
• ukwakha isisindo esiluhlaza okotshani;
• ukunwetshwa kwenqwaba.
  

  Ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi kwe-urea (ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula) kunomthelela ekukhuleni ngokushesha komvini

I-Boron

Ukuntuleka kwe-boron kunomthelela omubi ekwakhekeni impova yamagilebhisi, okuthikameza ukuvundiswa kwamaqanda. Ngisho nokugqoka okulula kwama-foliar top amagilebhisi ane-boron ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali kungandisa isivuno ngo-20-25%. Izinto eziqukethe i-Boron ne-boron:

• asize ukwakheka kwamakhompiyutha e-nitrogen;
• khulisa okuqukethwe kwe-chlorophyll eqabunga;
• thuthukisa izinqubo ze-metabolic.

Kubalulekile! Ukwedlula i-boron kuyingozi kakhulu kunokushoda, okusho ukuthi lapho ulungisa isisombululo kudingeka ukubala ngokucophelela umthamo ngokuya ngemiyalo.

Ukuntuleka kwe-boron kuholela ekuwohlokeni ekwakhekeni kwamaqanda amagilebhisi

Umanyolo we-organic

Ngesikhathi sonke sokukhula, ngaphezu komanyolo we -organic, kungenzeka futhi kuyadingeka ukondla amagilebhisi nge-organic. Umanyolo we -organic ne-organic unabalandeli babo nabaphikisi, ngakho-ke, mfundi othandekayo, kukuwe nokuthi uthathe isinqumo sokuthi yini okufanele uyikhethe. Noma mhlawumbe uthole umaphakathi ophakathi - sebenzisa i-organic njenge- "snack" phakathi kokugqoka okuyinhloko? Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhetha kwethu kubanzi.

Umquba

Lokhu kungumkhiqizo wemfuyo equkethe izinto eziningi ezilusizo:

• nitrogen
• potaziyamu
• phosphorus
• calcium

Umquba wamahhashi ubhekwa njengengcono kakhulu, bese kuba nenkomo, noma i-mullein. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lo manyolo we-organic, udinga ukuwusebenzisa kabusha (uya kumanyolo womhlaba uzungeze isihlahla) noma ulungiselele ukumnika (ukuthambisa ezimpandeni) ngale ndlela:

1. Esitsheni, ivolumu yakho kuncike ekutheni kudingeka malini ukumfaka, faka umquba omusha bese ufaka amanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 3.
2. Vala ngokuqinile.
3. Phikelela amasonto amabili, uhlangana kahle nesikhathi. Kuzoba utshwala mama.
4. Ukulungiselela isixazululo esisebenzayo, ilitha eli-1 lotshwala mama kufanele luhlanjululwe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
   

   Ukulungiselela isixazululo esisebenzayo se-mullein, 1 l yotshwala mama buhlanjululwe ngo-10 l wamanzi

Amagilebhisi anikezwa ukumfakwa kwe-mullein ngamapayipi amanzi noma imisele kube kanye njalo emavikini amabili, ahlanganiswe nokunisela.

Izinyoni ezilahlayo

Izithoni zezinyoni ziwumkhiqizo wempilo yezinyoni, Umanyolo obaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ingabekwa kumquba noma isetshenziswe njenge-infusion. I-oda yokulungiselela ukumnika:

1. Thela ikhilogremu yethonsi lenyoni eyomile ebhakedeni.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho faka amalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
3. Shiya uye ekuvuthweni, okuvusa amandla ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, isiphuzo sikamama sesilungile.
4. Ukulungiselela isixazululo esisebenzayo, hlanza i-alcohol yotshwala engxenyeni engu-1: 10 emanzini.
   

   Izithonsi zezinyoni zithengiswa ezitolo zezingadi

Ukufakwa umquba wezinkukhu kuthululelwa ngamapayipi amanzi noma emiseleni phakathi kokugqoka okuyinhloko, ukuhlanganiswa nokunisela kanye njalo emavikini amabili.

Ngokugqoka okungaphezulu ngama-tinctures womquba kanye nokuphonswa kwezinyoni, sikhetha into eyodwa noma enye indlela ukuze singadli ngokweqile isitshalo.

Umlotha wezinkuni

I-Wood ash iyindlela enhle yokugqoka yamagilebhisi, ifaka:

• cishe i-10% i-magnesium ne-phosphorus;
• cishe i-20% potassium;
• kufika ku-40% calcium;
• i-sodium, i-magnesium, i-silicon.

Lapho womile, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukubumbana kwenhlabathi nokwenziwa ngamakhemikhali, kugcizelele. Emhlabathini osindayo, ulethwa umlotha wokumba ekwindla nasentwasahlobo kanye nokhilimu wesihlabathi okhanyayo - kuphela entwasahlobo. Izinga lesicelo lingu-100-200 g nge-1 sq. Km. m

Kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi umlotha awusetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye nomanyolo we-nitrogen, ngoba ufaka isandla "ekuthini i-volatilization" ye-nitrogen, ngakho-ke sizosebenzisa ukondla okusanhlamvu ngokufakwa komlotha kumagilebhisi. Kwenziwa kanjena:

1. Umlotha wezinkuni uthelwa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 2.
2. Faka izinsuku eziningi, uvuse njalo.
3. Ngemuva kwalokho iyahlungwa bese kufakwa amalitha ama-2 amanzi kwilitha ngayinye yokufakwa kwesibeletho.

Ukufakwa kwe-Ash kufafazwa ngezitshalo phakathi kokugqoka okuyinhloko.

Kumagilebhisi, ukugqokwa phezulu kwefoliar nge-infusion yomlotha kuyasetshenziswa.

I-Eggshell

Amagobolondo amaqanda nawo angawomquba womanyolo. Cishe ngokuphelele (i-94%) iqukethe i-calcium carbonate. Umanyolo ovela kuwo ulungiselelwe kanje:

1. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa amaqanda, igobolondo liyaqoqwa, ligezwe futhi lomiswe.
2. Amagobolondo omile nalawa ahlanzekile ayimbumba ku-grinder (uma inani elincane, lapho-ke kungenzeka endaweni yesigaxa sekofi).
3. Umanyolo okulungele ubekwe kunoma yisiphi isitsha esivumelana nesikebhe.
   

   Hlambulula bese usula iseleji ngaphambi kokunquma

Sebenzisa amaqanda amaqanda aqhobozekile ukwenza umhlabathi ozungeze amagilebhisi njengoba kudingeka, ngesilinganiso se-0.5 kg kafulawa nge-1 sq. m

Ukumiliselwa amakhambi

Umanyolo omangalisayo we-organic ukumiselwa ngamakhambi. Ukuyilungisa, udinga umthamo omkhulu. Yenza ukumnika ngale ndlela:

1. Gcwalisa isitsha (ngokuvamile isigaxa) ngengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yotshani obusha.
2. Phezulu ngamanzi, angafinyeleli phezulu kwe-10-15 cm.
3. Ngemuva kwalokho amboze ngendwangu evulekile noma i-gauze bese ugcizelela izinsuku ezingama-3-5, ukuxuba okuqukethwe ngezikhathi ezithile.
4. Ukumiliselwa okulungile kuyahlungwa.
   

   Ukufakwa amakhambi okuhle kakhulu kutholakala ngezimbabazane

Osetshenziselwe utshani bufakwa emqubeni yomquba, uma usubolile uzokhipha umquba, kanti lo mbhalo usetshenziselwa ukugcotshwa okuphezulu kwezimpande nangamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Root kuhlanganiswe nokunisela, i-foliar yenziwa phakathi kokufafazwa okuyinhloko eshidini.

Ukufakwa imvubelo

Isengezo esihle kumenyu kungukufakwa kwegilebhisi. Lo manyolo uphephile ngokuphelele kubantu nasezitshalweni. Imvubelo iqukethe:

• isikhunta se-saccharomycetes,
• Amavithamini we-B,
• squirrels
• carbohydrate
• ukulandelela izinto.

Ukuze ulungiselele ukumnika kwemvubelo okudingayo:

1. Thela ama-breadcrumbs ebhakedeni - cishe ingxenye yesine yevolumu.
2. Faka izipuni ezingama-2-3 kashukela no-50 g yemvubelo yokubhaka engaphekiwe.
3. Thela emanzini, ushiye igumbi lokuvutshelwa.
4. Faka endaweni efudumele uze uthole i-kvass yesinkwa.

Isixazululo esisebenzayo senziwa ngesilinganiso se-1 litre yokungena emanzini ayi-10. Ukugqoka okuphezulu abahlanganisayo nokunisela.

Ividiyo: zenzele umanyolo we-organic wamagilebhisi

Ukufaka amagilebhisi ngesikhathi

Ngenkathi yokukhula, ukugqokwa okuphezulu kwamagilebhisi ayi-7 kuyenziwa, kuthi amabili kuyifayidoli. Imigqomo nemibandela yokufaka isicelo somanyolo kukhonjisiwe kuthebula elingezansi.

Ukugqoka izimpande zasentwasahlobo

Lapho nje ihlumela liqala ukuvuvukala emvinini, ukugqoka izimpande zasentwasahlobo kwenziwa nangomanyolo womanyolo, okubandakanya:

• i-ammonium nitrate noma i-urea,
• superphosphate
• usawoti we-potassium.

Umanyolo uyadingeka ukuze amagilebhisi aphindise ukulethwa kwezakhi zomzimba ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuphumula. Zonke izixazululo zomanyolo wamaminerali zenziwa ngokuya ngemiyalo enamathiselwe. Chitha ukudla ngale ndlela:

1. Umanyolo olungiselelwe uthululelwa ngamapayipi amanzi noma, uma engekho, atholakala emigodini emincane noma emiseleni ebunjiwe buyi-50 cm ukusuka ehlathini, ekujuleni kwama-40-50 cm.
   

   Emigodini engu-60 cm ukujula, amapayipi anobubanzi obuyi-10-15 cm abekwa phezu komcamelo okwenziwa kuwo ukuthambisa amagilebhisi angaphansi komhlaba

2. Ngemuva kwalokho, zimboza imisele noma zigcwalise ngotshani obunjiwe.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngaphambi kokuqhakaza

Okwesibili lapho sondla amagilebhisi eshumini sesithathu sikaMeyi ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqhakaza ngaphansi kwempande, sisebenzisa ukwakheka okufanayo nokwokuqala kokudla, kodwa ngomthamo ophansi womanyolo futhi ngokusho kweqabunga. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa impova, kuzoba negalelo ekwandisweni kweqembu.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu ukuthuthukisa ukuvuthwa kwama-berry

Okwesithathu lapho sifaka umanyolo ngaphansi kwempande, okubandakanya usawoti ophakeme kakhulu ne-potassium, ngaphambi kokuthi amajikijolo avuthwe, okuzokwandisa ushukela wawo futhi kusheshise ukuvuthwa. Asingezi i-nitrogen kulokhu kugqokwa okuphezulu ukuze umvini ube nesikhathi sokuvuthwa nokugcwala kahle. Okwamajikijolo amancane senza ukufafaza ngefoliar ngomanyolo onamaminerali.

I-Superphosphate isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi

Umanyolo emva kokuvuna

Ngemuva kokuvuna, izihlahla kumele ziphathiswe nge-potassium sulfate ne-superphosphate ukuze ziphinde zithole ukulethwa kwezakhi futhi zikhulise nobusika besitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye emva kweminyaka emi-3 ekwindla sekwephuzile, i-humus noma umquba osuselwa ekuphonseni kwezinyoni, umquba, izinsalela zezitshalo kulethwa emgodini wokumba (ngesilinganiso samabhakithi ama-1-2 ngemitha yesikwere). Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nokwenziwa emhlabathini.

Kanye njalo emva kweminyaka emi-3, ekwindla sekwephuzile, kubekwa amabhakede ama-1-2 we-humus emgodini wokumba

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwefoliar

Ngaphezu kokugqoka izimpande, sifeza ama-foliar amabili, eyodwa izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, enye ngokusho kwamaqanda amancane. Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-Foliar kwenziwa ngesimo sezulu esomile nesizolile ekushoneni kwelanga, ukuze isisombululo sihlale simanzi isikhathi eside ephepheni. Ungacubungula izitshalo ngosuku uma kunamafu.

Akuwona wonke ama-viniga abheka ukugqoka phezulu okusebenzayo kakhulu, kepha awaphuthumi ekuwenqabeni, besebenzisa njengokuphakelwa okwengeziwe ekuxubeni kwethangi lapho kucutshungulwa isivini ezifweni ezahlukahlukene.

Yini enikeza ukugqokwa phezulu kwefoliar? Ngikholelwa ukuthi lapho sifafaza isitshalo, izakhi zomzimba zidonswa yiqabunga emizuzwini embalwa, okusho ukuthi amagilebhisi azothola ukondliwa kaninginingi ngokushesha. Le ndlela ilungile uma kwenzeka ufuna usizo oluphuthumayo esihlahleni esibuthakathaka.

Ithebula: uhlelo lokudla kanye nenani elilinganisiwe lomanyolo esihlahleni esisodwa samagilebhisi

Ividiyo: kanjani nokuthi yini ukufaka umanyolo kahle

Ukutshala amagilebhisi yinto ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesihlahla kanye nesihluthulelo sokwenza kahle izithelo. Landela isikhathi sokucubungula, umanyolo ngendlela efanele, futhi umvini ngokuqinisekile uzokubonga ngokuvuna okukhulu.