Phakathi kwabalimi nabalimi, i-okra ibonakala njengento engavamile, kodwa yamuva ithola ukuthandwa kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kwathonywa ukunambitheka okumnandi kwemifino kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kokudla okunomsoco.
U-Okra wavela e-Afrika, nakwamanye amazwe aseningizimu, lapho ukulima kwawo kuqala khona eminyakeni eminengi eyedlule, kwaziwa ngamanye amagama - i-hibiscus yemifino, i-bhindi, i-okra, i-gombo.
Iyini i-okra: izici eziphilayo zenkambiso
I-Okra yisitshalo saminyaka yonke somndeni waseMalvaceae. "Ubuhlobo" obuseduze buyi-cotton ne-garden mallow. Njengamalungu amaningi alo mndeni, i-okra yisitshalo eside.
Izinhlobonhlobo zemifino azikhuli ngaphezu kuka-40 cm ukuphakama, futhi zikhula ngokuyinhloko ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa. Ukuze uthole izitshalo ezitshalwe ezindala zezitshalo ezikhula ngamamitha amabili.
I-Okra njengemifino isetshenziswa ekudleni. Ekudleni kukhona izithelo ezincane. Lezi zindebe ezindala eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esukela usayizi kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-25 cm, okufana ne-pepper eluhlaza. Izithelo zikhula ngokushesha, futhi uma zingavunwa ezinsukwini ezingu-3-5, ziyakhula, zilahlekelwe umbala wazo, ukunambitheka kanye nezimfanelo eziwusizo.
Izithelo zivunyelwe ukuvuthwa, ikakhulukazi ukuqoqa imbewu yokutshala. Zibuye zisetshenziswe emithi kanye ne-cosmetology ukuthola indawo ebalulekile yamafutha nekhofi. Imbewu engakafiki ingadliwa esikhundleni se-peas eluhlaza.
Okra ngokwemvelo umswakama-onothando, kodwa ayibekezelelisi amanzi namanzi kanye ne-salinization yenhlabathi. Lesi sitshalo sithule ngokuthula isikhathi esiyinkathi esomile, kodwa futhi sinciphisa ubungakanani kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo.
I-Okra iyisiko elinothando lokushisa, kuleso sici esiseduze kakhulu nesitshalo seqanda. Ukuhluma kwembewu kwenzeka ekushiseni okungekho ngaphansi kwama-16 ° C, kanti izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa komuthi zikhona ngo-24-25 ° C. Uma izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphansi kwe-16 ° C, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-okra kubambezelekile. Ama-frosts asithinta isiko ngendlela engonakalisayo.
Kuyinto elula-edingayo futhi ephendula kahle ukuchelela nokuphakelayo. Uma kukhishwa ihlobo elibandayo, ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokumboza ngefilimu awukwazi ukufeza isivuno esihle.
I-Okra ikhula emhlabathini omkhulu. Awubekezeli umhlaba onomuncu futhi ongekho kahle, ngokukhetha ukukhanya futhi ocebile ngendaba ephilayo. Izinhlobo eziningi ziqhakaza ngelanga elilula lokukhanya.
Ukuqala kwezimbali kungenzeka ngisho nasesikhathini sokuqala sokukhula, ngisho nalapho amahora okukhanya emini ehlala ngaphansi kwamahora angu-11. Ngesikhathi esingaphansi, izimbali zivame ukukhipha. Inkathi ekhulayo ihlala izinyanga ezingu-3-4.
U-Okra uyasiza futhi unomsoco wokuthi lesi sitshalo sibizwa ngokuthi "iphupho lemifino". Izithelo zawo zinokuqukethwe okunamandla kwensimbi, i-calcium ne-potassium, amaprotheni, amavithamini C, B6, K, A, i-fibre yokudla, futhi nakho konke lokhu, kuphela i-kcal 31.
Izakhiwo ezizuzisayo ze-okra zingaphezu komkhawulo womkhiqizo culinary kuphela. Kunconywa ngokukhethekile ukuba udle le mifino esikhundleni, njengoba iqukethe inani elikhulu le-folic acid. Inomthelela omuhle ekwakheni i-neural tube ye-embryo ekukhulelwe kokuqala.
U-Okra ungumlawuli wemvelo wamazinga kashukela egazini. Umswakama wakhe wezitshalo kanye namafayibha okudla ahlanganiswe emathunjini amancane. Kunconywa ngokukhethekile ukusebenzisa izitsha nge-okra kubantu abanezinkinga zepheshana zamathumbu.
Muva nje, abaningi abanomsoco baye bathokozwa ngokuthi isitshalo esinjalo njenge-okra singumkhiqizo omuhle wokwehla kwesisindo esingenayo impilo.
Lo umsizi omkhulu ekulwa nokucindezeleka, ukukhathala okungapheli ngisho nokuphefumula kwesifo sofuba. Iphelele ngokudla kweziguli ezine-atherosclerosis, futhi iqinisa izindonga zemikhumbi encane.
I-Okra isusa i-cholesterol eyengeziwe kanye ne-toxin emzimbeni. Unomthelela osizayo ekwelapheni izilonda zesisu. Ososayensi benza ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze bazi ukuthi yini enye i-okra engayisebenzisa.
Kwakukhona ukuthi kungavimbela ukutholakala komdlavuza wokubala kanye nokubonakala kwesifo sofuba. Imifino iphinde ibe udokotela omuhle wobuthakathaka bobulili besilisa.
Uyazi? Ama-pods "iminwe yomama" iqukethe amavithamini amaningi kanye nezinto eziphilayo eziwusizo, kanye no-6% ushukela no-2% amaprotheni.
Ukwandisa i-okra kusuka enzalweni ngokusebenzisa izithombo
Uma waba nesithakazelo ku-okra, ukulima kwalesi sitshalo esingavamile kusuka enhlanzini akusiyo inzima kakhulu, kuphela kunama-nuances.
Isikhathi sokutshala imbewu izithombo
Ukunquma isikhathi esiqondile sokutshala i-okra kunzima kakhulu. Kuvame ukuqhutshwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho umhlabathi usufudumele kakade, kodwa emgwaqeni ophakathi ukuqala kwalesi sigaba kukhulu kakhulu.
Abalimi abanolwazi balima izithombo ze-okra ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umhlabathi kufanele usuvuselele kahle. Ukutshala izithombo ze-okra ezenziwa ngenyanga ka-Ephreli.
Ukwelashwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokutshala
Ibonakala ngokuhluma kancane kwembewu - cishe amasonto amathathu. Ukuze ukhuthaze inqubo yokukhula ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela udinga ukuwacwilisa ngelanga emanzini afudumele.
Amandla okukhula kwezithombo
Ukuze ukhiqize i-okra kusuka ezinhlameni kuya ezivuneni, izimbiza ze-peat noma izinkomishi ezilahlayo zifaneleka ngokuphawulekayo njengendlela yokukhethwa kwesabelomali. Umthamo onjalo uthathwa ngenxa yomsuka omude we-okra.
Lokhu kuzokuvikela esikhathini esizayo lapho ukutshala izithombo zibe semhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuze isitshalo ngasinye, kufanele ukhethe ibhodlela elilodwa. Izithombo eziphekiwe zinomthamo wokusinda ompofu, ngoba ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesitshalo kukhona umonakalo oqinile emzimbeni we-stem, futhi lokhu kuhoxisa ekukhuleni kwe-okra.
Umhlabathi wezithombo
Ingxube yomhlabathi ye-okra imbewu idinga ukukhanya nokuvundile. Kudinga ukuxubaniswa nama-fertilizer amaminerali nama-humus.
Ukujula Kwembewu
Hlwanyela imbewu ekujuleni kwe 3-4 cm.
Izimo zokuhluma nokunakekela izitshalo
Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ye-okra isetshenziswe, kufanele iphuze ngobumnene ukuze isendlalelo esingaphansi komhlaba singenzi i-crust, nokuthi lesi sitshalo asifi ngenxa yomswakama owedlule. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-15-20, amahlumela okuqala we-okra azovela.
Ukuze bavuke ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuwagcina ekushiseni kuka-15 ° C Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi, imbewu izohluma kancane kancane futhi iyoba buthakathaka. Lesi yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu lapho i-okra idinga khona ukunakekelwa okufanele.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Lapho imbewu ikhulile, izithombo kufanele zondliwe umanyolo we-phosphate. Unganika i-nitrophoska emgodleni wezipuni 1 ngamalitha angu-5 amanzi. Ngenkathi i-okra iqhubeka ikhula, idinga ukondliwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Uyazi? Imbewu ye-okra ekhulile ivunwa ngendlela yokuthi ungalungisa isiphuzo esiluhlaza esithandayo njengekhofi.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-okra endaweni enomphela
Ngemuva kokuba izithombo ziqiniswe ngokugcwele, zingafakwa endaweni evulekile.
Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo
Njengoba i-okra iyisitshalo se-thermophilic, ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele kwenziwe kuphela lapho kushisa ngokugcwele, futhi ikakhulukazi uma ingozi yokushisa kwamaqhwa entwasahlobo iqedwa.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo kanye nabandulela okuhle
I-Okra, noma, njengoba kuthiwa futhi phakathi kwabantu bakithi, "iminwe yabantu" isitshalo esithande kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukutshala izithombo kuphela endaweni efudumele.
Inhlabathi yokutshala kufanele ibe ne-fertile kakhulu futhi icebile kumanyolo wamaminerali. Inhlabathi ekahle ye-okra iyigugu futhi ihanjiswa nama-humus. Okuhle kunakho konke, ikhula emibhedeni lapho kwakhiwa khona ukhukhamba, ama-radishes namazambane ngaphambilini.
Ukutshala izithombo zezitshalo
Khumbula ukuthi i-okra ayithandi izingqinamba, ngakho-ke udinga ukuyitshala kancane ngangokunokwenzeka phakathi kwabo. Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-30 cm, futhi phakathi kwemigqa engaphansi kwe-50 cm.
Ukunakekela nokulima imifino engavamile
Indlela yokukhulisa okra enkundleni evulekile ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa okufanele nokufanele, sizobe sitshela ngokuqhubekayo.
Ukunisela, ukusiphawula nokukhipha phakathi kwemigqa
I-Okre idinga ukuthambisa okulinganiselayo. Ukugqamile noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, inhlabathi eyomile kakhulu ithinta ukukhula nentuthuko yezitshalo ezincane. I-Okra inezimpande ezanele, ngakho-ke inhlabathi kufanele ihlanzeke kahle ngokuya ku-40 cm.
Naphezu kokubekezelelana kwesomiso, ezinsukwini ezishisayo zasehlobo kudingeka ziphuze ngisho nangaphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi ukunqwabelana komswakama emhlabathini nakho akumukeleki.
Kubalulekile! Uma "iminwe yamakhosikazi" ikhula ezimweni zokushisa, khona-ke igumbi kumele lithathwe njalo. Lokhu kuzoqinisa ukushisa kwemoya nomswakama.Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, thola ngokukhethekile okra. Kubalulekile ukwenza njalo izithako, ukukhulula ama-aisles kanye nokhula ngesikhathi esifanele. Lezi yizimo eziyinhloko lapho ukukhula okugcwele kanye nekhwalithi ye-okra kuzoxhomeka.
Ukuze lesi sitshalo sikwazi ukufaka igatsha ngokwengeziwe, futhi amahlumela asetshenziselwa ukukhula akhule ngokugcwele, udinga ukufaka isitshalo se-apical se-stem esemqoka uma sifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-40 cm. Uma i-okra ikhula phezulu ngokwanele, kuzodingeka ukhiphe ukwesekwa kwayo. Njengoba zikhula, i-okra yakha ukwesekwa.
Uyazi? Ukunambitheka kwe-okra kufana nokunye okunama-zucchini nohlaza aluhlaza.
Ukutshala
Ukondla "iminwe yamadodakazi" kumele ihlanganiswe umquba womaminerali. Ingxenye yile ndlela elandelayo: izipuni ezimbili ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi. Esikhathini esivundile, i-potassium nitrate isungulwa ngamanani afanayo.
Ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane
Idonsa likaMealy isiqhakabhaka esimhlophe sihlanganisa amaqabunga e-okra ezinhlangothini zombili, kancane kancane athuthela kwezinye izingxenye zesitshalo. Lesi sifo sinciphisa ikhono lokuthatha izithombe, ngenxa yalokho amaqabunga asomile, i-fruiting iphazanyiswa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, uma ishiywa ingelashwa, ifa. I-pathogen iyasinda ebusika phezu kwezinsalela zesitshalo.
Izindlela zokulawula: Izinsalela zezitshalo kufanele zisuswe ngesikhathi esifanele futhi zibekwe kumquba okhethekile, kanye nokushintshwa okufanele kwezitshalo kufanele kugcinwe. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuphilisa i-inventory, futhi uma i-okra ikhula endaweni yokushisa, bese wenza inqubo kuyo. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yemifino, ukushisa okudingekayo kudingeke kutholakale nge-sulfur blocks usuku olulinganiselwa ku-30 g / m3. Amasango namagagasi kumele avalwe ngokuqinile futhi afakwe uphawu.
Ezimweni zokuvimbela, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ye-okra kumele ifakwe kwisisombululo se-Fitosporin M (1.5-2 g ngalinye 1 l amanzi). Kungenzeka ngenkathi ekhulayo ukuqhuma nge "Kumulos", "Tiovit Jet" (2-3 g / l amanzi), i-gray colloid (4 g / l), futhi ukugcina ukupuniza ngosuku ngaphambi kokuvuna nge-Topaz (2 ml / l amanzi) noma "Integral" (5 ml / l).
Uma lesi sifo sithuthukile kakhulu, khona-ke inqubo kufanele iphindwe ngezikhathi ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa, kodwa hhayi izikhathi ezingaphezu kweyisihlanu. Ukufafaza kokugcina kuleli cala kwenziwa izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuvuna. Zama ukususa yonke ukhula olukhula eduze kwe-okra, ngoba yilabo abokuqala ukutheleleka nge-powdery isikhutha futhi baphathe lesi sifo izithelo zezitshalo.
Indawo emnyama kuthinta i-okra, ikhula ezimweni zokushisa, uma imanzi kakhulu. Ingxenye engenhla yamaqabunga ahlanganiswe namabala aphuzi, futhi ukuqhakaza kwe-fungal ephansi, okugcina kuguquke okubomvu. Esitshalweni esithintekile futhi esinganakiwe, amaqabunga agcina esomile. I-pathogen nayo i-overwinters emanzini ase-okra.
Izindlela zokulawula: Ungavumeli ukukhula kwesikhathi eside kwe-okra endaweni eyodwa, zama ukukushintshanisa nabantu abakufanelekile. Yenza ukukhishwa kwezindawo zokugcina izitshalo nge-sulfur dioxide ekwindla. Gcina umswakama ku-greenhouse ngaphakathi kuka-75% ngokuhambisa ngokuhlelekile.
Uma ubona izibonakaliso zokuqala zebala elimnyama, ufafaza i-sinonon decoction (200 g ngalinye ilitha lamanzi 1) noma ukumnika i-garlic clove (15 g ngalinye 1 l). Ukugcina izixazululo ngangokunokwenzeka emaqabunga ezitshalo futhi ungagijimi, engeza isepha kubo.
Thrips - izinambuzane ezincane ezisinda ebusika ezitshalweni zezitshalo emhlabathini. Amaqabunga e-okra avela emathunjini awo agcwele amabala aphuzi, bese ephenduka obomvu futhi omile.
Izindlela zokulawula:
Susa izinsalela zezitshalo ekupheleni kwekwindla bese uphilisa ngokuphelele izindawo zokugcina izithombo. Uma i-thrips ivele, sebenzisa i-infusions kanye ne-decoctions zezitshalo ezinambuzane: imbewu emhlophe yesinaphi - 10 g / l, pepper enomunyu - 50 g / l, i-yarrow - 80 g / l, ikhasi lika-citrus - 100 g / l, 500 g / l l Ukugcina isixazululo kulezi zitshalo eside, engeza insipho emanzini ngesilinganiso sika 40 g / 10 l.
Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, ungafakela izidakamizwa: "Spark-bio" (10 ml / l) no- "Inta C-M" ngekhasi lezinsuku ezingu-15. Ukwelashwa kokugcina kumele kwenziwe ngezinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Iklabishi isikole - ubusuku be-butterfly onamaphiko afika ku-5 cm. Unombala ohlukile: kusuka eluhlaza kuya obunundu obomvu. Izibhamu zinkulu, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuzi olubanzi emaceleni. Zivela ngoMeyi futhi zilambile kakhulu. Bashaya wonke amaqabunga, beshiya imifino kuphela.
Izindlela zokulawula:
Izinsalela zezitshalo kufanele zisuswe ngesikhathi esifanele futhi zifakwe kumanyolo okhethekile ngama-microbiological preparations. Ungahlwanyela izitshalo ezithwala ama-nectar ezizoheha izithabe zeklabishi izitha.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, ekwindla udinga ukumbela phansi umhlaba futhi ungakhohlwa ubuchwepheshe bokulima bokulima. Uma izibungu zimbalwa, zingahlanganiswa ngesandla futhi zibhujiswe. Uma kuningi labo, khona-ke umuntu kufanele asebenzise "Bitoxibacillin" noma "Lepidocide" ngesilinganiso sama-50 g ngalinye ngamanzi ayi-10 l.
Slugs ukubhubhisa okra encane, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zomswakama ophezulu. Badla amaqabunga amaqanda ama-ovari we-okra, eshiya imidwebo ye-silvery. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-slugs nabo abathwala isikhumba esibomvu nesinxephezelo. Izindlela zokulawula: Njalo uhlanza phakathi kwemigqa bese uhlakulela umhlaba, udala isakhiwo se-lumpy. Fafaza ngomugqa womlotha, superphosphate noma i-lime.
Beka indawo lapho u-okra ukhula khona, ngokudla okunomsoco njengobhiya. Kulapho futhi kuzokwenyuka ama-slugs. Hlanganisa i-okra ne-10% isisombululo se-ammonia bese ufafaza izidakamizwa "Meta" ngesilinganiso sika 30-40 g / m2.
Uyazi? I-Okra ivuselela umzimba ophelile ngemuva komsebenzi noma ukugula.
Ukuvuna
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-okra zingathela izithelo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokutshala. Bavuna ukuvuthwa lapho ubude babo bungadluli 9 cm.
Ngokuvamile ama-pods amakhulu aqinile futhi anesibindi, kodwa ngamasu afanele okulima kanye nezimo ezikhulayo ezikhulayo angase abe nethenda futhi enhle kakhulu. Ungabheka "iminwe yamakhosikazi" ukuze sisebenzise ngokuyeka ukuphela kwe-pod. Ngezithelo ezivuthiwe, lokhu ngeke kusebenze.
Kubalulekile! On okra kunezinwele ezincane ezinzima ezicasula isikhumba ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Sebenzisa amaglavu noma amagilavu ahlala njalo.I-pods kangcono ukuqoqa zonke izinsuku ezintathu. Izithelo ezithokozisayo kakhulu ezazisuswa nje.
I-Okra ingaba nezithelo kuze kuqala ukushisa kwezulu. Ukuze uthole imbewu ama-pods ambalwa, shiya uze uvuthiwe ngokugcwele. Ungalondolozi izithelo isikhathi eside. Kunconywa ukuba uzilungiselele ngokushesha.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, balahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwabo, baba namaqabunga futhi banamafutha. Esikhathini esiqandisini, i-okra ingagcinwa izinsuku ezingu-6, futhi efrijini izinyanga ezimbalwa.
