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Ukhukhamba olukhula emabhodleleni epulasitiki: okuhlangenwe nakho okumangazayo nomphumela omuhle!

Ukhukhamba olukhula ebhodleleni likuvumela ukuba ufeze ngempumelelo le nqubo esakhiweni nasekhaya. Kepha kunemithetho eminingana ephathelene nokulungiswa kwezitsha nembewu, kanye nokunakekelwa kwesitshalo okuyisisekelo, okumele sikujwayele ukuze unikeze ukhukhamba ngezimo ezifanele zokukhula nentuthuko.

Ukhukhamba olukhula emabhodleleni angamalitha amahlanu ekhaya

Ukutshala ukhukhamba emabhodleleni epulasitiki kunezinzuzo eziningi: okokuqala, iziqukathi ezinjalo zixubene futhi zilungele ukubeka ngaphakathi, okwesibili, umhlaba ekuphanyekeni kwepulasitiki okusobala kahle, okuthinta kahle uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo sakho, futhi okwesithathu, okunjalo Indlela ilungele kahle isivuno sokuqala. Kepha kukhona amaphutha amancane. Amabhodlela, ngokungafani neziqukathi namakhreyithi, ajwayele ukusetshenziswa kanye, ngakho ngonyaka olandelayo kuzofanela uphinde uwaqoqele. Qaphela futhi ukuthi ibhodlela elilodwa lenzelwe isitshalo esisodwa kuphela, futhi uma singekho isikhala esanele kuvulandi wakho, ngakho-ke ngeke kusebenze ukukhulisa izihlahla eziningi.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Njengoba izimo ezikhulayo zamakhukhamba kuvulandi zisondelene kwezokugcina izithombo, ukhukhamba kufanele zihlwanyelwe maphakathi no-Ephreli. Kuyalulekwa futhi ukukhetha izinhlobo ezizihambisayo: Ephreli F1, Zozulya F1, Emelya F1, Matilda F1).

  1. Ukufudumeza. Isikhathi esingangenyanga ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, gcina imbewu endaweni efudumele emazingeni okushisa angama-25mayelanaC.
  2. Isikhubekiso. Lungisa isixazululo esikhanyayo se-pinki se-potanganum permanganate (hlanganisa i-1 g yefulawa ne-200 g yamanzi) bese ubeka imbewu kuyo imizuzu engama-20-25. Bese ususa, hlambulula ngamanzi ahlanzekile beseomile owomile ngethanga.
  3. Ukugcotshwa. Faka indwangu efekethisiwe ngaphansi kwesitsha noma ipuleti, ubeke imbewu kuyo bese uyimboza ngendwangu yesibili eshwabene. Susa indawo yokusebenza endaweni efudumele izinsuku ezimbili, uqiniseke ukuthi indwangu ayisho ngaphandle.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuhluma okungcono kwembewu, kufanele kucutshungulwe ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.

Uma uthenge imbewu, khona-ke funda ngokucophelela lokho okuhlanganiswayo: abakhiqizi abaningi ngokwabo baqhuba ukwelashwa okuyimbewu okudingekayo futhi bakukhombise lokhu. Uma uthola umaki onjalo, vele ubengene.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu

Ngokukhula, uzodinga amabhodlela amalitha amahlanu. Imbewu engu-3-5 ingahlwanyelwa ebhodleleni ngalinye, kepha, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, uzodinga ukushiya i-1 ihlumela elinamandla kunawo wonke. Ungasusa amahlumela angenasidingo lapho kwenziwa amapheshana wangempela angama-2-3 kuwo.

  1. Sika phezulu kwebhodlela u-4-5 cm ngaphansi “kwamahlombe” bese wenza izimbobo zokudonsa ngaphansi.
  2. Thela i-4-5 cm yezinto zokudonsa (i-gravel encane, i-egghell, i-sphagnum moss, njll).
  3. Gcwalisa ibhodlela ngenhlabathi, ungafiki emaphethelweni aphezulu ka-2-3 cm. Ungathatha ingxube yemifino eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe ngomhlaba, kepha kuyalulekwa ukulungiselela umhlabathi ngokwakho: hlanganisa inhlabathi yengadi, umquba, ubhontshisi kanye nesicala sezinkuni ngokulinganayo. Kunconywa futhi ukwengeza umlotha enhlabathini (0.3 tbsp. L / kg yenhlabathi).
  4. Nyakazisa inhlabathi bese wenza izimbobo ezijulile ezingama-3-5 cm kuwo.
  5. Beka ngobumnene imbewu engu-1 bese ufafaza.
  6. Moisten izitshalo kancane ngebhodlela lokufafaza, amboze nge-cut-off top nendawo endaweni efudumele ekhanyayo.
  7. Ungadlulisela amabhodlela kuvulandi lapho amazinga okushisa okuyo elingana +22mayelanaC - +25mayelanaC.

Ukwenza "i-greenhouse", udinga ukususa phansi kwebhodlela noma wenze izimbobo kuwo bese unquma phezulu

Ungahlwanyela imbewu kuqala ezitsheni ezihlukile, bese uyifaka ebhodleleni lapho amahlumela akha amaqabunga ayi-2-3.

Ukuze uthole izithombo ezijwayelekile bese uyibeka emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphansi kwebhodlela, yenza okufanayo, kodwa hlwanyela emigqonyeni ehlukile (izinkomishi zepeat zilungile) ngevolumu engu-150-200 ml, bese uyimboza ngefilimu. Ukuhlwanyela maphakathi no-Ephreli.

Ividiyo: ukhukhamba olukhula ebhodleleni

Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe

Ukunikeza ukhukhamba ngezimo ezinhle, kuyadingeka ukwenza izinqubo ezimbalwa ezilula zokunakekelwa.

Ukunisela

Kwenziwa ngokuya ngohlelo olulandelayo: nisela izithombo ezincane ukuya ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ubudala njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2, esikhathini ngaphambi kokuqhakaza - kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7, bese kuthi njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-3-4. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amanzi afudumele kuphela (afudumele elangeni). Izitshalo kufanele ziniselwe ngaphansi kwempande, zigweme umswakama emaqabunga. Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, ungakhohlwa ukukhulula inhlabathi ngobunono ukugwema ukuqhekeka futhi unikeze izimpande ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen.

Ukuguga

Zama ukufaka izitshalo izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku imizuzu eyi-10, uhambisa kancane ikhava noma ifilimu. Khipha futhi i-condensate ngesikhathi esifanele. Kuzokwenzeka ukuthi ususe ngokuphelele impahla esemboza ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela.

Isibani

Ukhukhamba izitshalo ezithanda ukukhanya, ngakho-ke zama ukuthola indawo enokukhanya okuhle kuvulandi wakho. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu kungalimaza ukufika kwakho, ngakho ezimweni ezinjalo kuyalulekwa ukuba ubathelele.

Ukungcola

Uma ukhethe izinhlobonhlobo ezingezona ezokuzenzisa, kuzofanela ukuthi wenze le nqubo ngokwakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlola ngokucophelela ehlathini bese uthola izimbali zesifazane (zitholakala esinqeni esincane esiluhlaza) nezimbali zabesilisa. Sula ngokucophelela noma unqume imbali yesilisa bese ususa wonke amacembe ukuze kungasala stamens kuphela, bese ubakhukhulula ngobunono amahlandla amaningi ekwakhiweni okumbali kwimbali yowesifazane. Abanye abalimi benza okulula ngisho nangokwengeziwe: baqoqa impova nge-swab yekotini, bese beyiyisa endaweni efanele.

Izimbali zowesifazane ikhukhamba zitholakala phezu kwezimpawu ezincane

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Njengoba izitshalo zakho zisezitsheni ezinomkhawulo wenhlabathi futhi ngakho-ke azikwazi ukuthola izakhi eziningi zazo, nakanjani zizodinga ukondliwa. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho udinga ukuchitha ukugqokwa kwezimpande oku-5 kwesitshalo sakho:

  1. Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwezimbali. Izithako: urea (1 tsp) + superphosphate (1 tsp) + potassium sulfate (1 tsp) + sodium humate (1 tbsp.) + Amanzi (10 l).
  2. Ukondliwa kwesibili kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12 emva kokuqala. Ukwakheka: potassium sulfate (1 tsp.) + Sodium humate (esikhundleni saso ungathatha ukwakheka okunomsoco Okuhle, Ukuzala, Umhlengikazi - 2 tbsp.) + Amanzi (10 l).
  3. Ukugqoka kwesithathu nokwalandelayo okuphezulu kunokwakheka okufanayo nokwesibili, futhi kwenziwa ngesikhathi se-1 ngezinsuku eziyi-10- 12.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kuyadingeka ukwengeza amakhompiyutha anempilo emhlabathini owenziwe womile ngaphambili.

Ngaphezu kokugqoka izimpande, ukufafaza nakho kuzoba wusizo kumakhukhamba:

  • Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwezimbali. Ukwakheka: urea (1 tsp) + amanzi (1 l).
  • Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwe-fruiting. Izithako: urea (1/3 tsp) + amanzi (1 l).
  • Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesithathu kwenziwa ngokuncipha kokukhiqiza. Ukwakheka: urea (1/4 tsp) + amanzi (1 l).

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Bush

Lo msebenzi ufaka i-garter, pinching and pinching.

  • Garter Kumakholomu kulula ukusebenzisa igridi enamaseli amakhulu, ukuyibeka eduze kwamabhodlela, noma nge-trellis yezintambo. Ukuyenza, intambo yelulwa ngokulinganayo ngaphansi kophahla, bese kuhlanganiswa izigaxa zibheke kuyo (ungakhohlwa ukulungisa ukuphela kwayo, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuyifaka esikhonkwaneni esincane esigaxwe emhlabathini noma ngokunamathisela ngokucophelela ilogo esiqwini ngokwayo ibangeni eli-15 cm ukusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi). Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo esisekelayo kumele okungenani kube yi-1.5 m. Kuyadingeka ukuyakha ngesikhathi lapho isitshalo sifinyelela ku-20 cm ubude ne-antennae namaqabunga angaba ngu-7 kuso.

    Ekhaya, igridi enamaseli amakhulu ingasebenza ngokuphelele njengokusekelwa kwekhukhamba

  • Ukuphina nokucindezela. I-Stepsoning inqubo yokususa izinqubo ezilandelanayo (ama-stepons). Izinqubo ezakhiwe emacaleni amaqabunga ama-5-6, zibala kusuka phansi, zingaphansi kokususwa. Ungalibali ukwenza lo msebenzi: ama-stepons kufanele asuswe kuze kube yilapho ubude bawo bungadluli ku-3-5 cm. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayalulekwa ukuba baphule wonke ama-ovari akhiwe kumacala amaqabunga okuqala ama-3-4.

Kuyadingeka ukususa wonke ama-stepons ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho inani lesivuno lizokwehla kakhulu

Ngemuva kokuthi usuqedile ukwanda, qala ukubiza.

  1. Ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayi-0,5, usike imivimbo engu-1 ukuze ama-ovari ama-1 namahlamvu ambalwa asale kuwo.
  2. Ekuphakameni kwe-0.5-1 m, shiya imivimbo engu-3-4. Kulinye lazo kufanele kube nama-ovari ama-2 kanye namapheshana amaningana. Susa ubude obukhulu.
  3. Ungasusi amahlumela kuma-0.5 m alandelayo, kodwa uwaqume ukuze amaqanda ama-3-4 namaqabunga ambalwa asele kulelo nalelo.
  4. Ekuphakameni okuyi-1.5 m, sika ihlumela eliphakathi ukumisa ukukhula kwalo.

I-pinching iyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakha isihlahla sikhukhamba

Ukuvuna

Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ungaqoqa ukhukhamba ezigabeni ezihlukene zokuvuthwa kwazo - lokhu kuyiqiniso kuwo womhlaba ovulekile nawuvikelwe. Ekhaya, ukuthola inani elikhulu lesilimo kunzima, ngakho-ke nquma kusengaphambili ukuthi ufuna ukusisebenzisa kanjani kamuva, bese ukhetha ukhukhamba lapho zifinyelela usayizi oludingayo.

  • Okwamasaladi amasha nosawoti - izithelo ezifinyelele kubude be-10 cm noma ngaphezulu.
  • Ukuwafaka - izithelo ezifinyelele kubude be-8-10 cm, ngesinye isikhathi kube ngu-3-4 cm.

Kungcono ukuqoqa ukhukhamba ekuseni noma kusihlwa (kukholelwa ukuthi kungalesi sikhathi lapho okuluhlaza okotshani kunobukhulu kakhulu futhi kunamandla khona), usika ngokucophelela isiqu, ukuze ungalimazi ukuqhuma. Njengomthetho, bavuna isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku ezi-2. Akunconywa ukungayinaki imigomo, ngoba kule ndaba izinga lezithelo liyancipha (isikhumba siqhekeka, kuvela isikhathi, njll.) Futhi inani lamaqanda amasha liyancipha, njengoba lesi sitshalo sisebenzisa amandla ekwakheni izithelo esezivele zakhekile. Ekhaya, kunzima ukungaboni i-Zelentsy, kepha kungakuhle ukuthi unake amahlumela atholakala ezindaweni ezingathandeki (ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kophahla).

Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhodlela epulasitiki kukhukhamba olukhula endle

Ukuze unikele ngamakhukhamba ngezimo ezinhle zokukhula, kubalulekile ukusondela ngokuphephile hhayi kuphela kokutshala uqobo, kodwa futhi nokukhethwa nokulungiswa kwendawo.

Ukulungiswa kwesiza

Ukuze uthole ikhukhamba, kungcono ukhethe indawo enesihlabathi esikhanyayo noma umhlabathi othambile, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele alale kumamitha ayi-1.5. Uma ufuna ukutshala ukhukhamba embhedeni, bese uzama ukuthola indawo enelanga futhi evikelekile. Lapho utshala ukhukhamba, kunconywa ukuthi kubhekwe ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo: lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle lapho amazambane, utamatisi, u-anyanisi, iklabishi nomquba oluhlaza (i-alfalfa, i-clover, i-rye, lwesinaphi, njll.) Ngaphambili kwakubekwa, bese uphinde uphinde utshale amakhukhamba endaweni efanayo ngemuva ithanga (ithanga, ikhabe, squash, squash) kuyinto engathandeki.

Kungcono ukulungiselela indawo ekwindla, kodwa futhi kuvunyelwe entwasahlobo, cishe amasonto ama-3 ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngale njongo, engeza into ye-organic yokumba (umquba obolile, umquba noma i-humus) - ama-6-8 kg / m2 nezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi - ammonium nitrate (15 g / m2) + superphosphate (40 g / m2) + umlotha (200 g / m2) noma usawoti we-potassium (25 g / m2).

Ngaphambi kokutshala ukhukhamba, inhlabathi embhedeni idinga ukwenziwa ngcono

Uma kunesidingo, kuzodingeka izinsuku eziyi-10- 12 ngaphambi kokuphuculwa kwenhlabathi ukuze kufakwe umdwebo ngokufaka isikhunta esigobekile sokumba (200- 200 g / m2) noma ufulawa we-dolomite (350-400 g / m2).

Izimpawu zenhlabathi ene-acid ingobuningi be-moss noma amahhashi, i-plaque ekhanyayo namanzi okugqwala emigodini.

Uma ulungiselele umbhede ekwindla, bese uwugoba uwuthukulule ngaphambi kokutshala, bese wakhe umbhede. Uma uvundise inhlabathi entwasahlobo, lapho-ke kuzoba kungashayi emhlanjini ukumba indawo leyo nge-pitchfork, uyithukulule, bese wakhe umbhede.

Izindlela zokusebenzisa amabhodlela epulasitiki lapho utshala ukhukhamba

Njengomthetho, amahlumela atshalwa enhlabathini eneminyaka engama-20-25, okungukuthi, ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele babe namapheshana wangempela ayi-3-4. Ngokungeziwe ngesikhathi esibekiwe, cabanga ngekhwalithi yenhlabathi: uma ungazange uthuthukise inhlabathi, lapho-ke lapho utshala, engeza ama-0.5-0.7 kg we-humus noma umquba kanye nenkomishi engu-1/5 yomlotha ezansi komgodi, no-0,15-0 phansi komgodi, 2 kg wezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-2 tbsp. l umlotha kanye nomswakama.

Ukufakelwa ngebhodlela

  1. Enhlabathini elungiselelwe, bhala umgodi osayizi omkhulu ongafinyelela kuwo ibhodlela. Qaphela ukuthi inhlabathi esebhodleleni kufanele ilingane nenhlabathi embhedeni.
  2. Susa ngokucophelela phansi kwebhodlela bese ulibeka emgodini walo.
  3. Gcwalisa isikhala esingenalutho phakathi kwezindonga zomgodi nodonga lwebhodlela nomhlaba ukuze uzinze.
  4. Faka umswakama isitshalo ngaphansi kwempande.

Ukwenza ukuthi kube lula ukusika phansi, abalimi abaningi benzela ukusika okungama-2-2 okwenziwe kuqala odongeni lwamabhodlela ngamunye, izimbobo ezi-2-3 ukuphakama okuyi-1.5-2 cm ukusuka phansi, bese kuthululelwa impahla yokudonsa nenhlabathi.

Faka ulayini weplastiki

Kulokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa izithombo ezilungiselelwe ezitsheni ezihlukile.

  • Emithonjeni elungiselelwe, beka amahlumela ngenqwaba yomhlaba noma inkomishi ye-peat.
  • Fafaza ngenhlabathi namanzi.
  • Susa phezulu kwebhodlela ngamahlombe noma ngo-2-3 cm ngaphansi nangaphansi.
  • Beka umphetho obangelwa uzungeze ihlumela bese uwusunduzela emhlabathini u-3-5 cm.
  • Faka amahlumela ngaphansi kophahla lwesembozo.

Uhlangothi lweplastiki lusebenza njengesivikelo esihle ezinambuzaneni.

Abalimi abanesipiliyoni sokusebenzisa amabhodlela ukhukhamba okhulayo bathi i-rim epulasitiki isiza ukuvikela izitshalo ebheleni, inciphise inani lokhula ngqo ezihlahleni, futhi igcine amanzi lapho inisela, ngoba amanzi ayoba ngaphakathi kocingo, hhayi ukuthi asabalale ngaphezulu.

I-cap fit

Uma ungenalo ithuba lokunikeza amahlumela ngesiphephelo sesikhashana ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 zokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, khona-ke ungasebenzisa kahle "i-funnel" enqunywe umlomo. Abanye abalimi bakhetha uhlobo olubanzi kakhulu lwe "greenhouse" futhi basuse phansi kwamabhodlela.

  1. Emithonjeni elungiselelwe, beka amahlumela ngenqwaba yomhlaba noma inkomishi ye-peat.
  2. Fafaza ngenhlabathi namanzi.
  3. Mboza ngokucophelela ihlumela nge cap, ugoqa imiphetho yayo ngo-3-4 cm emhlabathini. Futhi khumbula ukususa ikhava.

Amabhodlela anamalitha amahlanu avame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokukhosela yesikhashana.

Ividiyo: ungatshala kanjani ukhukhamba ngaphansi kwehod

Izici Zokunakekela

Izinyathelo zokunakekela zicishe zifane nalezo ezinconyelwe ukukhula ekhaya, kepha kunezici ezimbalwa:

  • Esikhundleni se-sodium humate, ekuphakeleni kokuqala, sebenzisa imfucumfucu yenkukhu (ingxenye eyi-1 yezakhi zomzimba ezingxenyeni eziyi-15 zamanzi), kwesesibili nesilandelako - i-mullein (ingxenye eyi-1 yezitho zomzimba ezingxenyeni ezi-6 zamanzi).
  • Uma ukhula ukhukhamba ku abamba ukushisa, ke ukuhlela umoya omncane emva kokunisela ngakunye.
  • Ungakhohlwa ukufaka izithombo zezihlahla zokutshala. I-Sawdust noma utshani olufafazwe ngesendlalelo esingamasentimitha ayi-5 ilungele kahle le njongo. Futhi, isikhathi nesikhathi, ungqimba lwe-mulch ludinga ukuvuselelwa.
  • Weed umbhede njalo.
  • Gcina isivuno endaweni epholile, emnyama. Uma kunesidingo sokusimboza, bese usebenzisa i-burlap noma indwangu yekotini, hhayi ifilimu.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukufaka ukhukhamba ebhodleleni akuyona into enzima, futhi ungabhekana nakho ngokuphelele lapho ungekho isipiliyoni. Yenza wonke umsebenzi ngesikhathi futhi ungakudeleli ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo zakho, futhi uzokwazi ukuthola isivuno esihle ekhaya nasensimini.

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