Konke mayelana nensimu yensimu ebhalsamu yasendle: isithombe, incazelo, ukulima

Abalimi abaningi banamuhla babethanda ibhalsamu yasendle, bashaya ngokulula kwabo ekunakekelweni kanye nezimbali ezikhanyayo ezimnandi ezithokozisa iso lombukeli.

Isitshalo sivelaphi? Kuthiwani? Ngingayitshala kuphi nokuthi ngingayenza kanjani? Iziphi izifo ezingase zihlupheke? Iyanda kanjani?

Le mibuzo neminye imibuzo izophendulwa ngokuningiliziwe kule ngqikithi ebhalsamu yasendle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha uzothola isithombe salesi sitshalo esihle futhi uyakwazisa ukubukeka kwayo.

Umlando wokhula olusendle

Ngenxa yokwanda nokuhlukahluka kwezitshalo, ayikwazi ukubonisa ngokunembile indawo yokuzalwa yebhasamu yasendle. Kungenzeka cishe noma yikuphi ingxenye yezwe, izindawo ezifudumele nezishisayo. Kodwa amaphuzu aphambili okugxila emaceleni asabhekwa njengamazwe ase-Afrika, e-Asia, eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.

Ulwazi lokuqala ngalesi sitshalo lwatholakala ngo-1689 eNdiya nasezindaweni eziseduze zase-Asia. Ngemva kwalokho, abanye abalimi bembali bathakazelisa imbali. Omunye wabo kwakunguKarl Linnaeus, obani abahlobo bakhe abaningi abachazwa kabanzi kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziningi.

Lesi sitshalo sathola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabalimi futhi sathandwa izakhamuzi eziningi zamazwe. Namuhla, imbali eRussia ivame ukubizwa ngeVanka Mokrym.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma umswakama womoya ukwanda (imvula, inkungu), amaconsi amancane amanzi amnandi akhiwa emaqabunga, kamuva aphenduke abe yi-saccharin. Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, lesi sitshalo sibhekwa ngokuthi Busy Lizzie.

Ukumelelwa kwe-Botanical kwesitshalo

Ibhalsamu yasendle - ingomndeni wabhalsamu. Ukuhunyushwa kusuka kwisiLatini "ibhalsamu" kusho "ukungapheli". Ubungqayizivele begama lixhunywe nezithelo zalo, okuthinta ukuthi kubangelwa ukudalulwa kwabo.

Lesi sitshalo kulula kakhulu kumasiko, asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.imelana nomoya owomile, iqhuma kahle futhi ikhula ngisho nasenyakatho, ngoba uzizwa ungenakho ukushisa okukhulu. Ungakhula kokubili ezimbizeni nasemhlabathini ovulekile.

I-genus Balsamic (Impatiens) ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingu-400 kuya ku-550 zezitshalo zezimbali nezimbali.

Incazelo yezinhlobo

Amahlamvu alo aluhlaza kanye nezimbali ezikhanyayo akuhlosile kuphela amasimu namahlathi ezweni lethu, kodwa futhi nezitadi ezijwayelekile kakhulu zabantu. Naphezu kokuthi iRussia ayiyona indawo yokuzalwa, abantu bayayithanda nazo zonke izinhliziyo zabo.

Bloom balsam yasendle iqala ekuqaleni kwehlobo futhi iqhubeka izinyanga ezintathu ezizayo. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokugcina yasehlobo, ukuphela kwezimbali kuyaphela, kanti izithelo zibonakala zibukeka njengebhokisi elincane (testes). Uma uvula ibhokisi, imbewu ingahlakazeka ngaphakathi kwendawo engamamitha amabili.

Emasimini, ibhalsamu yasendle ayivami ukukhula, ngoba abakhiqizi balethe izinhlobonhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle nobuhle obuhlukile.

Izici

Ibhalsamu yasendle - isitshalo sonyaka esinesibhakabhakasifinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angu-120.

• amaqabunga amnandi, anemibala eluhlaza;
• izimpande ezingenasiphelo;
• isiqu sinobuciko, ukubukeka kancane kancane, ikakhulukazi uma imisebe yelanga iwela phezu kwayo;
• amaqabunga ahlelwe ngendlela ehlukile eceleni kwesiqu, i-oblong igxilile;
• izimbali zasendle (ihlathi) ibhalsamu eliphuzi, lingenalo ifomu elifanele, likhonjiswe kancane ekugcineni.

Izici:

1. Uhlobo oluthile lwebhasamu luyiphilisi. Ngenxa yakhe, abaningi baphatha ama-hemorrhoids, izilonda, izibungu ze-rheumatism nezinye izifo eziningi.
2. Ikhula emanzini amakhulu asezilwane.
3. Itholakala kuphela ephuzi.
4. Isihlahla sinjengokuthi siyashintshashintsha, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwemisebe eqondile yelanga.
5. Kulula kakhulu, ngokungafani nabamakheli nezindonga zezinhlobo ezifanayo.

Isithombe

Lapha ungabona isithombe sebhasamu yasendle:

Kuphi nokuthi ungayitshala kanjani?

Ngokuvamile ibhalsamu yasendle ikhula ehlathini, eduze kwamabhangi. futhi kufaka indawo enomhlabathi njengokhula. Akudingeki kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, kodwa uma iso lakho lilokhu liwela kule mbali emangalisayo, kufanele ucabange ngaleyo ndlela:

1. Sitshala ezindaweni ezinomthunzi (ngaphansi kwezihlahla, ezihlahleni, ngasentshonalanga kwendlu).
2. Kubalulekile ukugcina ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo (okungenani amasentimitha angama-30) ukuze isihlahla sikhule futhi sikhule ngendlela evamile.
3. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo, ngemuva kwamaqabunga amaqabunga (izitshalo ezincane zingase zife ekushiseni okungenani).

Tshala isitshalo ngezindlela eziningana.

Enye indlela imbewu

1. Kudingekile ukuqoqa imbewu kusuka ezitshalweni zasendlini noma ehlathini, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo.
2. Tshala imbewu ebhokisini elincane bese ufafaza ungqimba omncane womhlaba namanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, faka amabhokisi ngefilimu (lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukuhluma kwembewu).
3. Beka amabhokisi egumbini elimnyama elifudumele.
4. Ngemuva kokuthi imbewu ivukile, ibhokisi kumele lihanjiswe endaweni ekhanyisiwe.
5. Kubalulekile ukuthi ayikho inqwaba yamanzi, ngakho-ke, izimbobo kufanele zenziwe phansi ukuze umswakama owedlulele ushiye.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-20 kubalulekile ukufakelwa amahlumela ngokwehlukana komunye nomunye ube yiziqukathi ezincane (lokhu ungasebenzisa izinkomishi ezilahlayo). Izithombo kufanele zikhuliswe ukuze zikhule ziqinile futhi akazange afe ezinsukwini zokuqala zokufakelwa.

Kumele futhi unzima izithombo, uzilethe emgwaqweni phakathi nosuku. Kusihlwa, amabhokisi kufanele abuyele endaweni yawo evamile.

Izimila zingatshalwa uma kuvela amahlumela amahlamvu angama-10. Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukwenza imbobo engajulile (7-10 cm) ugcwalise ngamanzi. Izitshalo kufanele zibe khona ukuze umhlaba uthinte iqabunga lokuqala lesitshalo.

Ukutshala izihlahla

1. Kubalulekile ukuthola izitshalo ezincane ehlathini, cishe 10-15 cm ukuphakama. Kubalulekile ukwenza konke ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande.
2. Bamba umgodi u-15-20 cm ojulile bese uthele amanzi ngobuningi.
3. Hlala ngokucophelela izihlahla, ezimbozwe umhlaba phezulu ukuze ugcine umswakama isikhathi eside.

Ukwandisa amathuba okuthi imbali izoyithatha, ungaletha umhlaba endaweni lapho lesi sitshalo sakhula ngaphambili, futhi sihlanganise nawe umhlaba ofuna ukutshala. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ugweme ukushintsha okungazelelwe emkhakheni wenhlabathi, lapho isihlahla sikhula ngaphambi nangemva kokutshala. Ngenxa yalesi simo, lesi sitshalo sizokhula ngokushesha futhi siqale ukuqhakaza kangcono.

Ibhalsamu yasendle inesifo esinobuthi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezimbali. Uma ukhetha ukutshala eduze kwendlu noma engadini, kufanelekile ukucabangela zonke izinyathelo zokuqapha, ikakhulukazi uma unezingane.

Indawo nokukhanyisa

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ibhalsamu yasendle kufanele itshalwe emthunzini.

Ilanga eliqondile libi ngalesi sitshalo. Amaqabunga afakwe amabala aphuzi (ashiswa) futhi asomile.

Inhlabathi kufanele ihlale imanzi.

Isidingo somhlabathi nokunakekelwa

Le mbali ayithandi ngokubunjwa kwenhlabathi. Into eyinhloko okufanele ucatshangelwe ukuthi inhlabathi akumele ibe yimbi futhi ikhululekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungaxuba:

• isihlabathi;
• umquba;
• i-humus;
• umhlabathi weqabunga.

Ezinsukwini ezishisayo udinga ukuphuza ubusuku bonke. Udinga ukuthululela amanzi ukuze inhlabathi igwetshwe ekujuleni kwe-40 cm.

Kungenziwa ukukhulelwa. Uma ufuna amaqabunga amancane, kufanele ukhethe umanyolo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen, egcwele izimbali - i-phosphate-nitrogen fertilizer.

Izifo ezivamile nezilokazane

Ezindaweni ezivulekile, noma yikuphi imbali evezwe ezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene, kodwa yini okufanele yenze uma ibanjwa ngebhasamu yethu?

Okokuqala udinga ukuqonda okwenzekile kuye. Ngakho-ke, uma uthola ukuthi ifihlekile imbali. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zingaba:

1. Ukuba khona kwezinambuzane zezitshalo, njengemikhaza, i-aphid, i-whiteflies, i-thrips, njll.
2. Isitshalo singasabela kabi emanzini amaningi. Nakuba imbali ithanda ukuchelela kaningi, akufanele unakekele le nqubo.
3. Ukukhetha okungalungile kwenhlabathi. Khumbula ukuthi inhlabathi akumele ibe yikhonkwane ukuze izimpande ziphefumule futhi zithuthuke.

Ekulweni nezinambuzane kungasiza amathuluzi ahlukahlukene atholakalayo ku-assortment enkulu.

Phakathi kwezifo, ukulimala okukhulu kwesitshalo, okwakungekho ngaphandle kwegumbi, kubangelwa utshani lwe-downy powdery. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kunomthelela ku:

• Isimo sezulu esifudumele.
• Sondela eduze kwezimbali nomunye nomunye. Umswakama awunaso isikhathi sokuphuma, ukudala ukunganaki.
• Isimo sengqondo esingenandaba.

Okokuqala, i-white bloom ivela ngaphakathi kwekhasi, emva kwalokho ishidi lijika elimnyama bese liwa. Amahlumela amasha amahlamvu, noma ayeke ukukhula kwawo ngokuphelele.

Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zokugula, susa wonke ama-balsams anegciwane., futhi kuncike ekwelapheni ngokuqondile lezo lezo sifo azizange zithole isikhathi sokubamba.

Izinambuzane ezinambuzane nazo zingaba izivakashi eziningi zebhasamu yasendle:

1. Aphid - ususa yonke ijusi kusuka emaqabhaleni kaBhalsamu, kungani bekhubazekile futhi beyeka ukukhula.

   Ngenxa yokunqotshwa okukhulu kwe-aphid, isitshalo singase sife. Ungakwazi ukukhipha izithako zikagwayi, ikhasi le-anyanisi, umhlonyane, ama-dandelions.

2. Isibungu se-spider - isakazeka ngokushesha ngembali, yingakho kunzima kakhulu ukuzala. Kubonakala ngemuva kweqabunga, lisuse ijusi kulo futhi lande. Kunzima ukuyiqaphela, ngakho qaphela ukubonakala kwewebhu, lezi zibonakaliso ukuthi umkhaza usakaze futhi lesi sifo sisefomu eliphambili. Kulesi simo, ukulungiselela amakhemikhali kuphela kuzosiza, okumele kushintshwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5, njenge lo mite masinyane ubajwayele futhi maduze angase angaphenduli ekupopheni.
3. I-fly fly - ihlala ngaphakathi kwezimpungushe, ezishaya ngokushesha futhi ziqale ukuphuza amandla okuphila ngaphandle kwesitshalo. Ukulwa nalolu hlobo lwezinambuzane akulula, ngoba ngezikhathi isikhumba sezimpungushe siyanzima, futhi siphelelwa yisivinini ezinambuzane. Amaqanda nezimpungushe zingasuswa ngamanzi, ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo bezama ukuthola i-jet yawela eshadini kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili.

Abalimi abaningi, ukuze bagweme ama-parasites kanye ne-prophylaxis, bayelulekwa ukuba bachithe izitshalo ngezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene noma ukumnika i-garlic echotshoziwe.

Qaphela Ukucubungula izitshalo kuhle kakhulu ekugqokeni okukhethekile, ukugwema ingress yamakhemikhali endaweni yokuphefumula.

Ukuzala

Ngokuvamile ibhalsamu yasendle isakazwa yi-cuttings. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze zonke izimpawu zomuntu "womuntu" womama.

1. Izinto zokutshala zinqunywa ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha.
2. Khetha amagatsha ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, okumele kube nakho okungenani okungenani ama-internodes amabili.
3. Amaqabunga aphansi anqunywe.

Izindlela zokuqothula:

• Amanzi. Gcwalisa igatsha emanzini ngaphandle kokuthinta amahlamvu, ngoba ukubola kungase kuqale. Faka endaweni ekhanyisiwe ngomoya oshisayo. Izimpande zizovela masinyane, emva kwamasonto amabili kuzokwazi ukushintsha ukubeka phansi.
• Ground. Ukusika ukusika akusizi. Inhlabathi yendlela enjalo ingalungiswa yedwa: i-peat ne-vermiculite exutshwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo, izingxenye ezimbili ze-perlite. I-substrate kufanele ihlale iswakanyiswe kancane futhi, ngemva kokuchelela, ikhululiwe kancane ukuze igcwaliswe nge-oxygen.

Uma ukhethe ibhalsamu yasendle, khona-ke qiniseka ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngeke ikulethe inkathazo ekhethekile, ejabule ngokukhanya kwayo nobuhle kuyo yonke izimbali.