Endle, ama-apricot awatholakali esifundeni esiseningizimu kuphela, kodwa naseMpumalanga yeSiberia, eManchuria. Lezi zitshalo zaba amadlozi ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zasebusika, ezibenza bakwazi ukukhulisa ama-apricot endaweni ebanda kakhulu.
Ikhula kanjani ibhilikosi
Ezimweni ezinhle, i-apricot ikhula ibe ngamamitha ayi-8 ukuphakama, kepha kaningi kakhulu lezi zihlahla eziqinile zingaphansi kwamamitha ayi-4-5 kuphela. Amagxolo abushelelezi ansundu zezihlahla ezincane imifantu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amahlumela amasha wombala onsundu. Amaqabunga we-petiole afakwe amakha amahle anomumo oyindilinga onwetshelwe phezulu. Izimbali ezimhlophe noma ezibomvana ezibomvana ezingamasentimitha angama-2-3 ububanzi ezingxenyeni ezifushane zokukhanya zivela ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, lapho amaqabunga engakaqhakali. Izithelo ziyindingilizi, zinomnandi nge-groove ende ebunjiwe. Zingama-shades ahlukene e-orange anethambo elilodwa elikhulu ngaphakathi. Ama-apricots avuthwa kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, inhlabathi, indawo yokutshala nezimo zezulu.
Ukuqala izithelo
I-apricot iqala ukuthela izithelo kusuka eminyakeni engama-3-6 yokuphila (kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo), uma ikhule kusuka kunhlanyelo. Ukuthatha izithelo kuthatha iminyaka engama-30 kuya kwengama-40.
Ukulima nokunakekela
Kumabhilikosi akhulayo, inhlabathi evundayo ene-acidity engathathi hlangothi kufaneleka ngokuvela okujulile komhlaba. Izinsimbi ezisindayo nenhlabathi enobumba inomthelela ekuwohlokeni komswakama, okuholela ekuboshweni kwezimpande nokufa kwezithombo.
Ukutshala
Indawo yesihlahla kufanele ikhethwe ilanga, ivikelwe kahle emimoyeni ephuma enyakatho noma ukuvikela i-apricot ngocingo olwengeziwe. Kungaba uthango noma izihlahla ezimbalwa ezinqenqemeni ezingeke zisitshabalalise ukhula. Ukutshala kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo, isithombo siyoba nesikhathi sokukhula kahle. Ekwindla, isimo sezulu singashintsha kungazelele futhi isihlahla asinaso isikhathi esanele sokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwezimpande.
Noma sizotshala ama-apricot entwasahlobo, ukulungiselela kufanele kuqale ekwindla. Bamba umgodi obukhulu obungama-80 cm nobubanzi. Shayela isikhonkwane ubude obanele kuya ezansi enkabeni ukuze luhhume ngamasentimitha angama-60-80 ngaphezulu komhlaba. Uma umhlabathi usindayo impela ukubangela ukuqina kwamanzi, khona-ke itshe elichotshoziwe lithululelwa phansi komgodi ngesendlalelo esingamasentimitha ayi-15 ukuya ku-20. I-Peat noma i-humus kumele ifakwe emhlabathini osusiwe emgodini (imiqulu emi-2 yenhlabathi - ivolumu engu-1 ye-peat), amakhilogremu ayi-0,5 we-superphosphate no-2 kg womlotha. Hlanganisa kahle bese ubuyisela le ngxube emgodini.
Entwasahlobo, bamba umgodi emhlabathini ozinzile ngokuya ngosayizi wezimpande zesithombo. Bheka izimpande ezomile noma ezibolile. Badinga ukususwa. Izimpande ezilungiselelwe zehliselwa ku-mash yobumba ne-mullein. Isithombo kufanele sehliselwe emhlabathini ukuze intamo yezimpande ingama-5-6 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Sigcwalisa izimpande ngomhlaba, siboshwe futhi sinisela ngamabhakede amabili noma amathathu amanzi. Lapho amanzi egcotshwa, umhlaba uzogobhoza, nentamo yezimpande ibe sezingeni lomhlaba. Manje sibopha lesi sihlahla esikhonkwaneni esiqhutshwa ekwindla.
Ukunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa kwe-apricot kuncishiswa ukhula lwendabuko yeziqu, ukugqoka okungaphezulu, ukuthambisa nokunisela. Isici sokunakekela lesi sihlahla ukuhlanzwa kwamaqabunga asizungezile ekwindla. Amaqabunga ama-Wet embuthanweni oseduze angenza ukuthi amagxolo avuthwe, okuzoholela ekufeni kwesihlahla.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Entwasahlobo, udinga ukondla umuthi ngamanyolo e-nitrogen. Kwenze lokhu ngaphambi nangemuva kokuqhakaza, ukhiqiza inhlabathi. Kungcono ukondla izihlahla ngomanyolo owuketshezi. Ku-perimeter yomqhele, bamba isigcino se-cm amasentimitha ayi-15 ngokujulile kwesigamu bese uthele isixazululo sesipuni somanyolo we-nitrogen ebhakedeni (amalitha ayishumi) amanzi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu okunjalo kunesisindo. Kungathathelwa indawo ukufafaza i-apricot nge-urea (urea) nge-sulfate yethusi. Dissolve 700 amagremu e-urea kanye nama-50 amagremu we-sulfate yethusi ebhakedeni lamanzi. Lesi sixazululo sinemisebenzi emithathu: sondla umuthi nge-nitrogen, sivikela ezinambuzaneni nasekubambezeleni kwezimbali amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu, okubaluleke kakhulu nge-apricot, ngoba siyivumela ukuba igweme ukubanda kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Umbuthano we-trunk nawo udinga ukufafazwa ngalesi sixazululo.
Okwesibili lapho benikwa umanyolo we-nitrogen ngoJuni ngemuva kokuwa kwe-ovary ngokweqile.
Igatsha le-apricot elinamaqanda
Ehlobo, ukugqokwa phezulu kwefoliar kwenziwa. I-Apricot ifafazwe ngezixazululo eziqukethe izinto ze-nitrogen nezokulandela umkhondo. Ngemuva kokuvuna, kuthathwa isixazululo se-urea esingamaphesenti amathathu. Ekwindla, kwenziwa umanyolo we-organic minyaka yonke: umquba, umquba noma Peat. Kepha kukhona omunye umbono wabalimi. Umanyolo onjalo we-organic kumele usetshenziswe njalo eminyakeni emi-3-5.
Izakhi ezengeziwe emhlabathini zinciphisa ukufiphala. Umuthi ugxila kakhulu umqhele kulimaze izithelo.
Izihlahla
Ukuthenwa kwe-apricot kuqala ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila.
Ukuqaqa kungaba:
- Okuhlelekile;
- Ezokulawula;
- Ukulwa nokuguga;
- Ukubuyiselwa;
- Inhlanzeko.
Ukwenza nokwenza okulawulayo kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo. Zombili zihloselwe ukuvela kwamagatsha amasha okwenza izithelo, futhi nomuthi awuzange ugcwale izithelo. Ukuthena okulawulwayo kuyenziwa kucatshangelwa izidingo zokwenziwa komqhele.
Ukwakha nokulawula izihlahla kuhloselwe ukuvela kwamagatsha amasha okwenza izithelo, futhi nomuthi awuzange ugcwale izithelo
Umqhele ungakhiwa ngezindlela ezimbili: i-sparse-tier kanye nokuthopha komqhele.
Ukufiphaza umqhele - isihlahla sishiywa ngaphandle komqhubi, okungukuthi, isiqu sisikwa ngokushesha ngaphezulu kwamagatsha anohlaka lwamathambo futhi singavumeli igatsha elilodwa ukuba lisisuse esikhundleni salo. Amagatsha akhula ezinhlangothini kuphela.
I-Sparse-tier - khulisa amagatsha angama-2-3 e-oda lokuqala ngebanga phezulu isiqu esingu-30 ukuya ku-30 cm phakathi kwawo. Amagatsha akhiwe 1 m ukusuka emhlabathini anqunywa phakathi. Zonke ezitholakala ngaphezu kwamagatsha wamathambo zigawulwa ngaphandle kwe-hemp. Isiqu sifushane, sishiya ama-20-25 cm ngaphezu kwamagatsha amakhulu. Ehlobo, wonke amagatsha asikiwe, akhula nge-angle eyingozi kuya kwelokuqala. Ngonyaka olandelayo, kwakhiwa umugqa wesibili wamagatsha angama-35-40 cm ukusuka kowokuqala. Amagatsha waminyaka yonke angama-60 cm ancishiswa ngesigamu, amancane awathinti nhlobo. Isiqu (ezincwadini - umqhubi ophambili) sinqunywe ngaphezulu kwegatsha lokugcina lomugqa wesibili. Kamuva, amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele futhi awugqinsi asikwe.
Ukuthena okudala ukuguga kwenziwa entwasahlobo noma eshumini sokuqala sika-Agasti, lapho amahlumela amasha engenakukha esihlahleni. Izingcezu ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhula zinesikhathi sokukhula ngokweqile.
Ukunqunyelwa Kokuguga - ividiyo
Ukuthena kabusha okubuyiselwa emuva kwenziwa emithini eyonakalisiwe noma eyenziwe iqhwa. Ukuthena okunenhlanzeko - ukususwa kwamagatsha omisiwe nabagula.
Ukugoma
Ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yezithelo nobusika obunzima be-apricot, kusetshenziswa imigomo. Baqala ngokukhulisa izithombo ezinhlanyelweni zebhilikosi elibunjiwe. Ngonyaka wesibili kuzovele kwenzeke ukutshala ihlumela esihlahleni sokwenza izithelo bese kuthi emva kweminyaka engama-2-3 sithole isivuno. Izihlahla ezinjalo zimelana kakhulu nesimo sezulu esibi.
I-apricot ingaxhunywa hhayi kuma-apricot kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izithelo zamatshe: iplamu, i-cherry, i-cherry iplamu, i-peach besejika. Kunzima kakhulu ukuqala abalimi ukuthola umphumela omuhle kulokhu kusebenza. Kulokhu esikudingayo:
- amathuluzi alolwe kahle;
- ikhono lokunyakaza okusheshayo nokunemba;
- ukusika okulungiselelwe kusengaphambili;
- ulwazi lwendlela ephumelela kakhulu yokugoma ukufeza inhloso;
- Ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokugoma.
Kumabhilikosi, ukugonywa kwentwasahlobo kuyathandeka, lapho ukunyakaza okusebenzayo kwamajusi kuqala futhi ingozi yezithambiso zasebusuku isidlulile. Azikho izindlela eziningi zokugoma:
- ukukopisha njalo;
Kusetshenziselwa ikhophi uma ufuna ukuthola ukungafani kwe-apricot. Ama-cutter we-varietal afakwa kwi-seedling ekhulelwe embewini.
Ukuvunyelwa kokusikiwe kwe-apricot cutways ezitshalweni ezikhulwe kusuka imbewu nge-capulation
Izenzo ezithathwa ngenkathi zigonyelwa indlela ye-capillary:
- i-seedling ezogonywa igawulwa engela ka-45 °;
- ukusika okusikwe ekhoneni elifanayo;
- faka izihlahla zokusika kwisithombo;
- zuza ukuqondana ngokuphelele kwezingcezu;
- lungisa ukhipha izithombo nge-band-aid, itayipi kagesi noma ngendwangu yekotini.
Isimo esikhulu sokugoma esiyimpumelelo ukuthi ama-diameter wesitoko ne-scion kufanele ahambisane kuze kufike 1 mm.
Ukuhlanganisa ukusikeka kwesitoko ne-scion kuyingxenye ebaluleke kunazo zonke yokugomela nokukopishwa
Isitoko sihlahla esihlwanyelwe kuso.
I-Priva - isiqu esakhiwe.
- ukukopisha okuthuthukile
Ngokukopisha okuthuthukile, yenza ukusika okuphindwe kabili kusitoko ne-scion
- ekudalekeni okwalandela;
Lapho ugonywe kokuxhunyelelwa okwalandela, ukusikeka kususwa ezinhlangothini ezimbili, kuthi ukuthungwa kwenziwe esithelweni;
- ebuhlungwini;
Ukugoma esiqhekeni - isiphunzi saso sihlukaniswe phakathi, ukusikeka okude kuzinhlangothi zombili kwenziwa ezimpandeni, kanti nesiqu sifakwa kuqhekeko
- phezu kwegxolo.
Ukugcotshwa kwe-apricot - usike amagxolo kusiphunzi bese ufaka ukhuni, kuwo amagxolo usikwe ezinhlangothini ezimbili
Konke lokhu kutholakala kuphela ngokuzijwayeza.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ukuvikela izihlahla ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni, zidinga ukufafazwa ngesisombululo se-700 g se-urea, i-50 g ye-sulphate yethusi nge-10 l lamanzi ngaphambi kokuvuvukala kwezinso. Lesi sixazululo sizobhubhisa izinambuzane ezisuse amaqhubu kanye nenqwaba yesikhunta eziningi. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, kuzodingeka usebenzise amakhemikhali kuyo yonke inkathi yonyaka.
U-Apricot angagula:
- i-moniliosis (ukubola grey);
- I-Valsa mushroom;
- ukubonwa kwamagciwane;
- i-verticillosis;
- i-cytosporosis (isikhunta esihlala ngaphansi kwamagxolo);
- ukuthola izinsini ;;
- i-kleasterosporiosis (indawo ebonakalayo);
- umdlavuza wamagciwane;
- i-tape mosaic.
Ungabona ukuthi umuthi wakho wagula yini ngokuvela kwesitshalo.
I-Moniliosis: amagxolo ambozwe ngopende okumpunga okukhanyayo, amaqabunga namagatsha aphenduka abe nsundu bese ewa, izithelo, hhayi uvuthwe, zomile, ukuqhuma noma ukubola.
Nge-moniliosis, amagatsha anesifo omile ngamaqabunga nezithelo
Ezihlahleni ezinezifo, wonke amagatsha owonakele anamaqabunga nezithelo ayasuswa. Amagatsha esiqu kanye namathambo aphathwa nge-Bordeaux fluid. Izindawo zezilayi zimbozwe ngama-var var engadini.
I-Valsa mushroom: Izilonda ezinemibala ye-amber ziyavela ku-cortex.
Uma uValsa etheleleke ngefungus, kuvela izilonda esihlahleni
Ukwelapha isihlahla, kufafazwa ngesikhunta ngokwemiyalo yomuthi.
Ukubuka amabacteria: okokuqala ungabona amabala amnyama emaqabungeni ama-millimitha amathathu ubukhulu. Kamuva, lezi zindawo ziba sobala ngomngcele omnyama. Ingxenye esobala yomdwebo oqhekekile iba ophuzi.
Isifo sokubona amabacteria sivela emaqabunga anezindawo ezimnyama
Ukwelashwa, umuthi ufafazwa nge-sulfate yethusi ngokwemiyalo yomuthi.
I-Verticillosis: amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi emagatsheni aphansi, kanti angaphezulu ahlala eluhlaza.
Amagatsha aphuzi amagatsha aphansi e-apricot - uphawu lwesifo sesihlahla i-verticillosis
Ukwelapha - fafaza ngesikhunta ngokuya ngemiyalo yomuthi.
I-Cytosporosis: amaqabunga aqothuka phezulu komqhele, amabala ansundu avele ku-bark, lesi sifo sisakazeka kusuka phezulu kuya phansi, sithinta amagatsha nesiqu, umuthi uyafa.
Amabala ansundu ku-bark ye-apricot - uphawu lwesifo sesihlahla esine-cytosporosis
Ukulwa nalesi sifo - amagatsha athintekile adinga ukusikwa. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izihlahla, izihlahla ziyafafazwa ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux ingxube: 300 g ye-sulfate yethusi kanye ne-300 g yesikhathi esisheshayo ngama-10 l wamanzi.
Ukutholwa kweCameo: i-amber noma nsundu, uketshezi olunamathelayo lungavela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesihlahla, kufaka phakathi nesithelo. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, lolu ketshezi luyaqina futhi lukhuni.
I-Amber resin esiqwini noma emagatsheni e-apricot - umuthi wagula ngensini
Wonke umonakalo kufanele uhlanzwe kahle ngommese obukhali wengadi. Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-gum uqobo kanye nezicubu ezithile ezinempilo ezizungezile ziyasuswa, zithatha cishe u-4-5 mm. Zonke izindawo ezisulwe kufanele zimbozwe nge-var var.
I-Kleasterosporiosis: kuvela amabala obomvu kumaqabunga, athi ngemuva kwesikhashana aqhume, akha izimbobo.
I-apricot kleasterosporiosis iziveza izimbobo ngamaqabunga abonakala ephilile
Lapho nje sekutholwe amahlumela athintekile, ayasuswa ayoshiswa. Izindawo ezisikiwe zimbozwe ngamagadi wegadi, lezi zinqubo kufanele zenziwe ngaphambi kokuwa kweqabunga.
Umdlavuza webhakteriya: amagxolo emagatsheni noma esiqwini aqala ukuqhekeka, kukhona izingwebu nokuqina.
Umdlavuza wamagciwane we-Apricot uvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yemigodi yesithwathwa
Inqubo eyinhloko ekulweni nomdlavuza webacteria ukugawulwa kwamagatsha athintekile, bese ukubeka indawo lapho kusikiwe nge-varnish yasengadini ngokufakwa kwefungi.
I-Ribbon mosaic: Imivimbo ephuzi eduze kwemithambo iyabonakala emaqabunga aqhakaza. Kancane kancane, lemichilo ikhula, ishidi liyafa. Kuphathwe iziqu ze-zethusi sulfate ngokuya ngemiyalo.
Isifo se-Tape mosaic sivela emacembe anezindawo ezinamabala ansundu nokubomvu
Izinambuzane eziphambili zezihlahla ze-apricot zintathu kuphela: inundu lokufaka amakhodi, inundu lamaqabunga ne-aphid.
Amabhu okubhodla ahlukumezeka yizibungu ezivela ku-Agasti. Lapho-ke amacimbi ayahlwitha nobusika ngamahlamvu awile. Ngonyaka olandelayo kuzovela izimvemvane futhi konke kuzophindwa.
Ngaphandle kwe-fetus kuyabonakala, kuphela incanyana encane endaweni lapho isibungu singene kuyo, futhi ngaphakathi ungabona isibungu ngokwaso nomphumela womsebenzi waso
Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela okusebenzayo kakhulu kulokhu kuhlasela inkathazo kuzoba ukuhlanzwa nokubhujiswa kwamaqabunga awileyo.
Amakhethini avela ephepheni entwasahlobo bese eqala ukudla amahlamvu kanye namaqabunga. Kusebusika ngamaqabunga awile namagxolo. NgoJulayi, kuvela izimvemvane, zibeka amaqanda emaqabungeni nasezitshalweni. Amacimbi avelile kubo asuka ngokushesha ebusika aze entwasahlobo elandelayo.
Iphepha lokudla ubusika lihlela "indlu" yamahlamvu asongwe
Uma ipheshana libonakala ekwindla, khona-ke entwasahlobo isibulala-zinambuzane siphathwa ngokushisa okungenani kwe-10 ° C.
Ama-aphid ayizinambuzane ezincane ezihlala phansi kwamaqabunga futhi zidla ujusi wazo. Amaqabunga lapho i-aphid ixazulule khona ayonakalisiwe, ayabuna futhi ayabuna. Lesi sitshalo esonakalisiwe sinezimbali ekukhuleni nasekufutheni izithelo.
I-aphid eyayihlala emahlumela amancanyana kanye nangaphansi kweempungushe imunca ujusi wayo
Lapho kuvela ama-aphid emaqabungeni, aphathwa ngohlobo oluthile lwe-bioinsecticide: Actofit, Actofir, Bitoxibacillin, Boverin. Zama ukucubungula phansi kwamaqabunga. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza izithelo, amalungiselelo amakhemikhali awanconywa. Izinto zabo ezinobuthi zidonswa esithelweni futhi zingalimaza umuntu.
Indlela apricot izinhlobo
I-Apricot isakazeka ngezindlela eziningi:
- ukusika okuluhlaza okotshani;
- ukusikwa okunamahlahla;
- ukugoma esitokisini esilungiselelwe kwangaphambili;
- air layering;
- amahlumela ezimpande;
- izithombo ezikhulayo ezivela embewini.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika okuluhlaza
Isiqu esiluhlaza siyingxenye yegatsha elinamaqabunga asikiwe esihlahleni esiphilile. Kungcono ukuthatha ukusika ezitshalweni ezincane hhayi kusuka phezulu, kepha kusuka amahlumela akamuva walo nyaka kusuka ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle yomqhele. Ama-Volchovye (akhula ethe mpo phezulu) amahlumela aqala ukwanda ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-carbohydrate kuwo adingekayo ekwakhekeni kwezimpande.
Isikimu sezenzo ezithathwa ngemisiko eluhlaza
Ama-cutways aluhlaza:
- sika amagatsha ngamasentimitha angaphezu kwama-8 mm;
- ukusika kuwo ukusikwa ngamaqabunga ama-3-4;
- nciphisa amaqabunga ngesigamu noma ingxenye yesibili;
- etshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa.
Kuyalulekwa ukusika amahlumela ekuseni ukuze izicubu zethanga zigcwele ngangokunokwenzeka. Kuhle ukuqala ngokushesha ukutshala izithombo, kodwa uma zidinga ukuthuthwa, khona-ke amahlumela kufanele abuyiselwe emanzini ngaphandle kokulibala ukuze amaqabunga angathinti indawo yawo.
Ama-cuttings esitolo awakwazi ukudlula izinsuku ezimbili.
Izimbambo zisikwa zibe ngu-8-12 cm ubude (amashidi ama-3-4) ngommese obukhali kakhulu noma i-razor blade ukuze zinganciphisi izicubu zehlumela. Ingxenye engezansi yenziwa i-oblique ngaphansi kwezinso, kanti engenhla iyimigqa eqondile ngokushesha ngaphezulu kwezinso.Ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka komswakama, amaqabunga anqunywa phakathi, noma kusasele ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu.
Izingodo eziluhlaza zingagxila ehlobo lonke (kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya maphakathi no-Agasti).
Manje kunezidakamizwa eziningana ezikhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande: I-Heteroauxin (indolylacetic acid (IAA)), iCornevin (indolylbutyric acid (IMA)), iZircon (ingxube yama-asidi we-hydroxycinnamic acid). Le mishanguzo isetshenziswa kangcono ngendlela yezixazululo:
- IHeteroauxin - isuka ku-50 iye ku-200 mg / l wamanzi,
- I-Kornevin - 1 g / l wamanzi,
- I-Zircon - 1 ml / l yamanzi.
Izimbambo zifakwe isisombululo ukuze amaqabunga angahlangani nawo. Isitsha esinezinsika kufanele zisuswe endaweni emnyama, kodwa hhayi ebandayo. Izinga lokushisa akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-18ºС. Melana amahora ayishumi nesithupha kuya kwamashumi amabili. Ukuswakama isikhathi eside kungaholela kumphumela ophambene - izimpande ngeke zakhe.
Ukusika izimpande, ungalungisa umbhede okhethekile noma umthamo omncane. Indawo yombhede ikhethiwe emthunzini oyingxenye. Bemba umgodi ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-20, bawigcwalise ngomquba amashumi amabili nantathu, bese begcwalisa amasentimitha angama-5-6 ngesihlabathi. Ukusika kumane kunamathele esihlabathini kuya ekujuleni kuka-1-2 cm. Hlanza isihlabathi bese usimboza ngesimbozo sepulasitiki ukuze singathinti izitshalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka ama-arcs noma ukusekela. Ifilimu kufanele ivuleke ngokukhululeka ohlangothini olulodwa, ukuze izisiki zifafazwe ngamanzi njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4. Lapho kuvela okusha ku-axils yamaqabunga, lapho-ke i-mini-greenhouse izodinga ukufakwa umoya omncane. Okokuqala, kuvulwa amahora angu-1-2, kancane kancane isikhathi sokungenisa umoya sanda, futhi ukufafazwa kuncishisiwe. Amaviki angama-3-4 ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwezihlahla ezisikiwe, ifilimu lisuswa ngokuphelele.
Uma ukusikeka kuhlala ubusika abukubhuli, khona-ke embozwe ngamaqabunga e-oki owomile, ngamagatsha e-spruce noma nge-peat. Uma ukusika kugxilwe endaweni ethile, khona-ke kungenziwa kwehliselwe emiphongolweni ngaphandle kokumba. Imvamisa, kunconyelwa ukutshala izithombo entwasahlobo ukuze zikhule, iminyaka engama-2-3, bese zidluliselwa endaweni engapheli. Kodwa ungatshala ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo ukuze ungalimazi izimpande.
Ukhula lwenhlabathi olusikiwe
Ukusakazwa kwe-apricot ngokusika okulunyaziwe
Izihlahla ezisikiwe zingavunwa phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokuphumula kwesihlahla - kusukela ekwindla ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga kuya entwasahlobo, lapho ama-buds engakaqali ukuvuvukala. Izingodo ezisikiwe kahle ezivunwe ngesikhathi sokuwa kweqabunga noma ngokushesha nje emva kwayo. Ubude bezinto zokutshala zingama-25-30 cm, futhi ubukhulu bawo ngamamilimitha angama-6-8. Ingxenye engenhla yenziwa ngqo ngaphezulu kwezinso, kanti i-oblique engezansi ayinaki ukuthi ikuphi izinso.
Izimbambo ezisikiwe ekwindla zingatshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini, kepha zingafa zonke ngenxa yezimo zezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukusika kuvame ukugcinwa kakhulu kuze kube sentwasahlobo noma kuqale ukubekeka imbamba ekhaya.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokugcina ukusikwa okunamahlahla:
- mane ubopha ngokuqinile esikhwameni sepulasitiki bese ubeka eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi;
- zinamathisele esihlabathini esimanzi bese uzihlisela engaphansi kwesithwathwa;
- mba umgodi ojulile ongama-80 cm, ofakwe ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe (i-lutrasil noma okuthile okunjalo), umboze ngekhadibhodi noma nge-polystyrene kusuka phezulu bese umboza ngomhlaba.
Kubalulekile ukuthi izinga lokushisa endaweni yokubeka lingahlali ngaphansi kuka-0, kodwa lingakhuphuki ngaphezulu kwe- + 4ºС.
Ama-cutworks angama-Woody angavunwa kusuka ekwindla kuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube ukuqhuma kwamahlamvu
Ukulungiselela izihlahla ezisikiwe:
- nquma igatsha;
- ihlukanise izigaba nezinso eziyisithupha;
- bopha zibe yinqwaba bese unamathisela umaki;
- egcinwe esihlabathini esimanzi emiphongolweni.
Entwasahlobo, imibhede noma amabhokisi kulungiselelwe ukusikwa kwe-midzi. Inhlabathi kumele ivunyelwe kumswakama nomoya. I-Peat nesihlabathi ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo ihlangabezana nalesi simo. Ungqimba lwale nhlanganisela yenhlabathi embhedeni noma ebhokisini kufanele lube lukhulu kangangokuba cishe sonke isiqu sihlwanyelwe endaweni eyi-45 °. Izinso ezimbili kufanele zihlale ngaphezu kobuso, kanti eyesithathu isondele kakhulu ebusweni. Isikimu sokutshala izithombo sisesibhokisini esiyi-10 by 10 cm, embhedeni - 10 cm phakathi kokusikwa kuya kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-40 cm phakathi kwemigqa.
Izinkuni ezisikiwe zigxila entwasahlobo embhedeni olungiselelwe engadini noma esitsheni
Ingcekeza yesithungo esiqinile:
- isibambo sicwiliswa enhlabathini siye ezinso sesibili;
- ukusika okugxilile kunqume amahlumela amancane nezimpande;
- etshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
Enye yezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukusika okunamahlahla kokukhula kwezimpawu okuhle - kuphuma kukho akufanele kukhule ngaphambi kwezimpande.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ingxenye engezansi yesibambo iphathwa ngemithi ekhuthaza ukukhula kohlelo lwezimpande. Futhi bagcina ngokuqinile isimo esisodwa ngaphezulu - inhlabathi kufanele ifudumale kunomoya. Kulokhu, umbhede wengadi umbozwe ngocingo lwapulasitiki, ngemuva kokwenza izimbobo kuwo isibambo ngasinye. Ekhaya, kufakwa ibhokisi elinokusikeka egumbini elipholile, futhi isibani esibuthakathaka se-incandescent sibekwa ngaphansi kwaso. Ngokushisa lokhu, izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi elimbozwe ifilimu akufanele lidlule i-18-20ºС, futhi kufanele lihlale limanzi njalo, kodwa lingabi manzi.
Ukusakazwa kwe-apricot ngokuhlelwa komoya
Enye yezindlela zokusakazeka kokumile kwe-apricot ukusabalalisa komoya.
Entwasahlobo, khetha igatsha ngokunyuka kwalo nyaka. Umngcele phakathi kokukhula walo nyaka nowedlule ulandelwe kahle. Udinga ukuhlehla usuka kulo mngcele eduze kwesihlahla, okungukuthi, ngokukhula konyaka ophelile, amasentimitha ayi-10 futhi wenze ukusikeka okubili okuyindilinga kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-millimitha ukujula ebangeni elilingana namagatsha ububanzi nobukhulu. Sisusa amagxolo phakathi kokuvela. Kwenziwe izintambo ezi-4 eceleni kwegatsha ngaphezulu kwendawo lapho kukhishwe khona amagxolo. Siphatha wonke umonakalo ngesidakamizwa esivusa ukwakheka kwezimpande.
Sifaka esikhwameni sepulasitiki esine-cut cut. Silungisa itheyipsi ngaphansi kwendawo yokususa amagxolo ngeteyipu, uthayela noma ucingo. Thela inhlabathi emanzi noma i-sphagnum esikhwameni, esivele simbozwe usuku. Inhlabathi ingahluka ngokuphelele: uthengiwe, inhlanganisela ye-humus nesihlabathi, sawdust ebunjiwe nge-humus futhi nje nomhlaba kusuka engadini yakho. Ingqimba yenhlabathi enobukhulu obungamasentimitha ayi-1.5-2 kufanele imboze igatsha liphakeme kancane kunokunqunyelwa okude. Cindezela inhlabathi egatsheni bese ulungisa umphetho ongenhla wesikhwama.
Ukusiphula isiteki ngaphandle kokusihlukanisa negatsha
Umsuka Womoya:
- anqume amagxolo;
- faka isikhwama sepulasitiki esine-cut cut;
- bopha kusuka ngezansi;
- uthele inhlabathi enomswakama noma nge-sphagnum;
- bopha ngaphezulu.
Imisebe yelanga eqondile izodala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa. Inhlabathi esesikhwameni iyashisa futhi igatsha liyafa. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, ngaphezulu kwephakeji elingaphansi, ungasonga indwangu emhlophe noma amaphephandaba ezingqimbeni ezintathu.
Ukuze ukwakheka kukhule ngokuqondile, kuboshelwa egatsheni eliseduze noma uhlobo oluthile lokusekelwa. Kumele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuze inhlabathi esegatsheni ingoma. Uma ihlobo lishisa, kuyodingeka ulinamise kaningana.
Lapho izimpande zibonakala esikhwameni, isithombo sihlukaniswa negatsha bese isikhwama sikhishwa. I-sprig enezimpande ingatshalwa ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo, kepha ayinampande ophakathi, futhi lezo zintekenteke kakhulu. Kungcono ukutshala isithombo esinjalo ebhodweni bese kuthi, ngemuva kokuwa, siwubeke egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba noma endaweni epholile lapho izinga lokushisa lingakhuphuki ngaphezu kuka-5-7 ° C, kodwa ngeke libande.
Entwasahlobo, yisithombo sitshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
Izendlalelo Zomoya Ezimbozayo - Video
Ukusakazwa kwe-apricot ngamahlumela wezimpande
I-apricot ayivelakancane ngokusakazwa izimpande zezimpande. Ingaphezulu lokudlulela lingathathwa kuphela ezihlahleni ezikhulwe embewini, futhi kubonakala sengathi izimpande zonakaliswe ngamagundane, isithwathwa noma ingxenye engaphezulu ye-apricot ishonile.
Kodwa uma ihlumela selivele livele, khona-ke udinga ukumba ngokucophelela umhlaba owawuzungezile, ufike empandeni owasuka kuwo, usike ihlumela kanye nengxenye yezimpande bese usitshala ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuthwa. Ehlobo, umuthi umile kahle futhi uqinisiwe. Indawo yokusikwa ezimpandeni kufanele iphathwe ngezinhlobo zezingadi ukugwema ukubola.
Ukudubula kwezimpande kwehlukaniswe nempande enkulu nengxenye yezimpande ze-fibrous
Ukusakazwa kwembewu ye-apricot
Imbewu ye-apricot ihlwanyelwa ekwindla, ngemuva kokuyifaka kosuku emanzini. Amathambo abekwe epanini kumasentimitha ayi-6 ekujuleni kwe-10 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, ambozwe ngomhlaba, afafazwe nge-humus notshani ngaphezulu. Kuzovela amahlumela entwasahlobo. Zidinga ukuvikeleka ezinyoni nasezindongeni. Lokhu kungenziwa ngamabhodlela epulasitiki alula ane-cut cut. Ehlobo, izithombo zizokhula bese ekwindla zingathuthelwa endaweni ehlala njalo. Izihlahla ezinjalo ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesihlanu. Kepha izihlahla ezikhulwe etsheni aziguli futhi ziyavumelana nezimo zesimo sezulu zasendaweni.
Ukuhlwanyela izikhwebu ze-apricot ekwindla - ividiyo
Ukunisela i-apricot
I-apricot ingesinye sezihlahla zasengadini ezibekezelela kakhulu isomiso. Kepha uma engenawo umswakama owenele, i-apricot ikhula kancane, iguga ngokushesha, inikeze izithelo ezimbalwa, futhi ayinambitha. Izihlahla ziyaniselwa embuthanweni osondelene nesiqu, ezakhiwe ngesikhathi sokutshala futhi zikhule njalo ngonyaka ziye ngobukhulu besaqhele, noma endaweni ebunjiwe egreyini cishe engxenyeni yengxenye yomqhele.
Inhlabathi engaphansi kwe-apricot idinga ukufakwa imanzi kakhulu, ngakho-ke uma kuthambisa amahlandla amaningi amanzi athululelwa embuthanweni wesiqu
Isitshalo esihle singatholakala kuphela ngokuthambisa inhlabathi ibe ngu-40-60 cm phakathi nenkathi yonke yokukhula, okungukuthi, ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Ukunisela kokuqala kwenziwa lapho kuvela amaqanda, ukuze angawa. Ukuchelela kwesibili - lapho izithelo zivuthwa. Amanzi adingeka kakhulu esihlahleni ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, lapho imbewu iqina. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kubekwa imbali efihlekile. Ngokuzayo, ezinye ezimbili zokunisela zenziwa ngo-Agasti nangoSepthemba. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukuthambisa okunqabile okunjalo kufanele kube kuningi.
I-Apricot idinga ukuthambisa okuningi futhi okuningi ngoJuni
Kepha konke kuncike emhlabathini lapho insimu ikhula khona. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi nesihlabathi esimanzi kuyadingeka ukunisela hhayi kane ngonyaka, kodwa kaningi kakhulu. On loam - kuya ngesimo sezulu.
Ukunisela i-apricot ngesikhathi sezimbali
Abalimi abaningi, kufaka phakathi ochwepheshe, bathi akunakwenzeka ukunisela izihlahla zezithelo nama-apricots, ikakhulukazi, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Uma kukhona umswakama omncane enhlabathini ngentwasahlobo, khona-ke okokuqala izihlahla ziniselwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, bese kuthi ngokwesibili kube yizinsuku eziyi-15 - 20 ngemuva kokuqedwa kwazo.
I-apricot eqhakaza ibukeka njengefu elibanjwe emagatsheni ezihlahla
Ungayonga kanjani i-apricot kusuka kusihlwa sentwasahlobo
Ama-apricot aqhakaza ekuseni kakhulu, futhi amafrimu okubuya abuye avame ukushiya wonke umuntu ngaphandle kwesilimo.
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa kuphela zokwenza ukuqhakaza kwesihlahla sekwephuzile:
- Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, nciza ukukhula konyaka. Umuthi uzoqala ukukhulisa amagatsha awobumba bese ubeka izimbali ezintsha kuwo. Zizoqhakaza ngesonto sekwedlule isikhathi, okusho ukuthi, lesi sihlahla sizoba nezinga lesibili lokuqhakaza, futhi isivuno sisazoba njalo.
- Ebusika, baphonsa iqhwa ngaphansi kwe-apricot ngesendlalelo esingamasentimitha ayi-30. Ngaphansi kokwenza sawd, iqhwa lizoncibilika ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimpande zizokubanda isikhathi eside, kanti nomuthi uzosuka sekwephuzile usuka esimeni sokuphumula. Ngakho-ke, kuzoqhakaza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu, izihlahla zifafazwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe i-auxin. Lokhu kuzobambezela ukuqhakaza izinsuku eziyishumi.
- Noma afafazwe ngesisombululo se-urea. Izimbali zizohamba ziye kumaviki amabili.
- Izihlahla ziphathwa kuze kube yilapho izinso zivuvukala ngesisombululo samaphesenti amathathu we-Bordeaux fluid. Ngaphezu kokuvikelwa eqandeni, lokhu kuphathwa kuzovikela izivande ezifweni.
- Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ngama-buds athuthukile, ama-600-700 g nge-10 l lamanzi afafazwa ngesisombululo esihlanganisiwe se-sodium chloride. Lokhu kungabambezela ukuqhakaza kwezinsuku ezingama-7-14.
Izici zama-apricots akhula ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene
ECentral Russia, izihlahla ze-apricot zivame ukubanda ngenxa yezithombo ezingavuthiwe kahle. Ukugwema lokhu, kusukela ngo-Agasti, izihlahla zithululelwa ngesisombululo somlotha: ilitha lomlotha ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi ,gcizelela izinsuku ezintathu. Lokhu kusiza ukumisa ukukhula kwamahlumela nokuvuthwa kwawo okusheshayo. Ngokuvamile, amabhakede ama-5-10 wesisombululo somlotha asiza ama-apricots ukuthi agcine ihlobo elifushane nokulungiselela okuphelele kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sokuwa kwamaqabunga.
Esifundeni esingaphansi komhlaba nasesifundeni saseSmolensk, kungakuhle ukuthi utshale i-apricot esidulini esinobubanzi bamamitha ayi-2 nokuphakama okungafika ku-60 cm, ngisho nasezindaweni lapho kungekho nkinga yamanzi aphansi komhlaba. Njengoba indawo esengozini yesiko ngesikhathi sethanga liyigxolo eliseduze nentamo yezimpande. Ngokufika okuphezulu, iqhwa eliseduze kwesiqu liyoncibilika ngokushesha, futhi amanzi ancibilikayo ayogeleza ezansi endundumeni.
Izithombo ze-apricot azithatheli indawo esifundeni saseLeningrad, kepha izihlahla zingatshalwa kusuka kuzithombo ezitshalwe eMpumalanga Ekude naseKhakassia: Amur, Serafim, Khabarovsky, Akademik, BAM, Isipho ukuya BAM, " U-Amur "Sayan" wasekuqaleni, "Mountain Abakan", "Baikalov waseSiberia", "wase-East Siberian".
Ngokusho kwabalimi esifundeni saseLeningrad, imbangela enkulu yokufa kwezihlahla ze-apricot ukulimala kwekhola yezimpande entwasahlobo. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sifunda, ukubekwa okuphezulu okunjalo kufanelekile njengalokho okusetshenziswa emadolobheni amancane.
Ubungozi obukhulu ngesikhathi sokutshala buhlotshaniswa (kuwe) nokubamba kwentambo yentamo (ngenxa yalokho kufakwa emgobeni kukhonjisiwe) nokuchithwa kwezithelo kusenesikhathi. Amahlamvu (ngakho-ke, ngokushintshashintsha kwentwasahlobo, amathuba okuvuna mancane). Ngicabanga ukuthi imvelo yehlathi (iphayini) ayinabungozi, kunalokho, izosibhebhethekisa isimo sezulu.
toliam1 St. Petersburg//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=183440
Tanyusha, inkinga enkulu ye-apricot ukuguga, ngakho-ke akunqweneleki ikakhulukazi ukumboza isisekelo sesiqu. I-apricot yethu kufanele itshalwe ku-plum, futhi emqheleni, khona-ke amathuba okukhula aphezulu kakhulu. Futhi-ke, tshala endaweni efudumele engadini. Vele, isihlahla esidala esiseqhakaza siyinto ethile!
Natalie St. Petersburg//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=183440
EBelarus, izindlela zokulima azihlukile kulezo ezisetshenziswa enkabeni yeRussia. Abalimi - abasebenza kuleli kamu banqume ukuthi ama-apricots akhethiweyo waseRussia nawendawo aqala kahle. Kunconywe izinhlobo zama-apricot zokukhethwa kwendawo "Znakhodka" ne "Spadchyna", nesiRussia - "Alyosha" ne "Minusinsky amber".
ESiberia, kufaka phakathi isifunda i-Omsk, kanye nase-Urals, kufaka phakathi isifunda saseChelyabinsk, ama-apricots axhunyiwe akhula kahle. Ukuqalwa kwezihlahla zeKhabarovsk, Khakass kanye neChelyabinsk kuzalwe kuxhunywe kwisithombo sebhilikotsi laseManchu. Emhlabathini omanzi kakhulu, i-apricot iyafa. Indawo okulinywe kuyo kukhethwa ilanga, ivikelwe emoyeni, nalapho izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba lingaphakeme kunamamitha ayi-2,5.
Indlela yezolimo yokulima ama-apricot ihluke kancane ekunakekeleni ezinye izithelo zamatshe. Ingatshalwa ngisho nasezifundeni lapho izimo zezulu zokukhula kwayo ekuqaleni zingafaneleki kulezi zihlahla. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuthi unake iziphazamiso zokukhula kwama-apricots endaweni ethile, unamathela ngokuqinile kuyo yonke imithetho yokusebenza nesitshalo kule ndawo, yenza imizamo. Futhi umphumela ngeke wehlise ijubane.
