Izifo nezinambuzane zezihlahla ze-apula: izimbangela kanye nomzabalazo

Izihlahla ze-Apple zivame ukugula, futhi izifo zingaba yisikhunta, amagciwane noma zibe yigciwane. Futhi kunezinambuzane eziningi ezahlukene zezinambuzane ezithinta hhayi kuphela izithelo, kodwa futhi namaqabunga, amahlumela, amagxolo kanye nezimpande. Kuvame ukuba nzima ukuba umlimi aqonde ukuthi hlobo luni lwenkinga esihlahleni sama-apula, yiziphi izizathu zokuntuleka kokuqhakaza noma ukuthela izithelo. Ukusiza ekutholeni impendulo kunoma yisiphi isimo kungumsebenzi wethu.

Izifo zesihlahla se-apula: incazelo, ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa

Umuthi we-apula unezifo eziningi ezingenzeka. Ngokuyinhloko zingamakhovu, amagciwane kanye namagciwane emvelweni.

I-Moniliosis

I-Moniliosis ithinta zonke izithelo zikaphayini nezetshe. Inezinhlobo ezimbili. Owokuqala ukushiswa kwezimali. Ukutheleleka nokukhula kwalesi sifo kwenzeka entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali. Izikhunta zesikhunta zingena ezimbalini ngosizo lwezinyosi nezinye izinambuzane. Amahlamvu namahlumela nawo ayathinteka, okuthi kamuva kubune bese kumnyama mnyama, kudala ukukhohlisa kokushiswa.

Ukushiswa kwethambo kuthinta amaqabunga kanye namahlumela esihlahla se-apula

Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukusika amahlumela athintekile, uthwebula amasentimitha ayi-15-30 wezinkuni eziphilile. Ngemuva kwalokhu, umqhele uphathwa nge-fungicides (iqembu lezidakamizwa ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta). I-Horus isiza kahle - iyasetshenziswa noma ngabe izimbali, ngoba iphephile izinyosi. Ukugxila kokufafazwa - 2 amagremu ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ukushisa okuphezulu kwesicelo - + 3-22 ° C. Izindlela zokwelapha ezintathu zenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10. Ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwalesi sidakamizwa kule nkathi kuzoba okungenampumelelo, ngoba kuyayilutha. Kwenzeka okufanayo nakwezinye isikhunta.

I-Chorus ingasetjenziswa ngitjho nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ngoba iphephile izinyosi.

Ehlobo, i-moniliosis ibangela ukubola kwezithelo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngezikhathi ezipholile nezinethayo. Izithelo ezithintekile ziyabola futhi ziwe. Isigaba esisebenzayo sesi sifo senzeka ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaapula. Izithelo zokubola kumele zisuswe, ziqoqwe emhlabathini bese zibhujiswa.

Izithelo zokubola zivame ukuthinta izihlahla zama-apula lapho kuswakeme, isimo sezulu esipholile

Ukwelashwa ngalesi sikhathi, uStrobi uthathwa njengomuthi osebenza kakhulu. Umuthi wayo osebenzayo, i-kresoxime methyl, umisa ngokushesha inkambo yalesi sifo futhi uvimbele ukusabalala kwaso. Isikhathi sesenzo sokuvikela sifinyelela kumaviki amabili, isikhathi sokulinda singamaviki amathathu. Iqoqo lesisombululo sokucubungula yi-2 amagremu ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.

IStrobi ibhekana ngokushesha neMoniliosis nezinye izifo zesikhunta.

Ukuvimbela i-moniliosis nezinye izifo zesikhunta ukwenza imisebenzi elandelayo elula:

• Ukuqoqwa kanye nokubhujiswa kwamaqabunga awele ekwindla.
• Ukumba ngokujulile kwenhlabathi yeziqu zezihlahla.
• Ukuhlanza amagxolo nokufaka imicu emhlophe ngezixazululo nge-lime egayiwe nge-1% sulfate yethusi kanye ne-PVA glue.
• Ukucutshungulwa komqhele kanye nenhlabathi ngesixazululo se-3% se-sulfate yethusi noma i-Bordeaux fluid.

Ukugqwala

Isikhunta esidala lesi sifo sinomjikelezo wokukhula kweminyaka emibili - sikhula kwijuniper unyaka owodwa, kanti ekwindla sithelela i-apula nethanga ngezinhlamvu, esizokhula kulo ngesizini ezayo. Entwasahlobo, kuvela amabala amancane aluhlaza ophuzi kumaqabunga, athi phakathi nehlobo athole umbala ogqamile osawolintshi. Ifomu elinjengezingono zamabele ezingaphansi kwamaqabunga, ngaphakathi kuwo kukhona izinhlamvu zesikhunta. Lesi sifo sivame eCrimea nasendaweni emnyama yolwandle iKrasnodar Territory, size sibhekwe kancane kwezinye izifunda.

Maphakathi nehlobo, amabala emaqabungeni aba o-orenji okhanyayo

Uma kungenzeka, gwema ukutshala okuhlanganyelwe kwe-apula nejuniper futhi ungakhohlwa ukwenza umsebenzi wokuvimbela. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa nge-fungicides Horus, Skor (ekuqaleni kwesigaba), Strobi. Umuthi i-Abiga-Peak, oyisisombululo sama-40% we-oxychloride yethusi, uzitholele kahle. Kusetshenziswa inani lama-40-50 amagremu ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi kanti nomuthi ufafazwa kaningi ngezikhathi ezingama-15 kuya kwezi-15. Izinyosi, zinobuthi obuphansi; azihlanganisi emhlabathini nasezithelo.

I-Abiga Peak - isikhunta sasekhaya esisebenzayo

Iphesi leaf

I-Curl yamaqabunga iyisifo esiyingozi. Kuvame kakhulu kumapheya, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuthinta isihlahla se-apula. Ukhunta lusebenza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuthinta amaqabunga amancane. Lokhu kwenzeka uma izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela zingazange zenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Amaqabunga ayagoba, abe yisithombo esiningi, esinamajika. Lesi sifo sisakazeka masinyane, amagatsha awanalutho bese izithelo ziyeka ukukhula. Okwamanje, isivuno asikwazi ukulondolozwa - udinga ukunakekela ukonga isihlahla. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa fungicides Horus, Abiga-Peak, Strobi. Ngemuva kokumisa ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo, ngemuva kwesikhashana, kukhula amaqabunga amasha. Ukusheshisa le nqubo, udinga ukondla umuthi we-apula nge-nitrogen.

Amacembe ama-Curly ajwayelekile kakhulu kumapheya, kepha kwesinye isikhathi athinta umuthi we-apula

I-Phyllosticosis (amabala ansundu)

Ngalesi sifo fungal, amafomu amancane ansundu ansundu ngamaqabunga. Ihluka kwezinye izifo ezifanayo kuphela ngegama lefungus fungus. Imiphumela (ukuthanda kanye nokuwa kwamaqabunga, ukubonakala kwamabala ezithelo), izindlela zokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa akuhlukile kwezifo zokukhunta ezichazwe ekuqaleni.

I-Phyllosticosis (ibala elinsundu) ukuphazamiseka kwesikhunta

I-Soot fungus

Le fungus ayiveli eyedwa. Yandulelwa ukunqotshwa kwesihlahla sama-apula ngama-aphid noma ama-brakes ethusi. Zombili lezi zinambuzane zakha uketshezi olunuka kamnandi, okuthiwa ngamazolo oju. Kuyindawo yokuzalanisa ye-soot fungus. Yena-ke ukhipha nezimbotshana ngesimo sendwangu emhlophe ngombala omhlophe ngamaqabunga nezithelo zesihlahla se-apula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu phawu luba mnyama, futhi izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo zibukeka sengathi zingcolile ngothi.

I-sooty fungus ivela njengotshani obumnyama

Ukuvimbela ukhunta ukulwa okufika ngesikhathi kulezi zinambuzane, futhi ukwelashwa kuqukethe, njengenjwayelo, ekwelapheni ngama-fungicides (Horus, Skor, Quadrice, njll). Ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa, kungakuhle ukuthi uhlanze umphetho ngamanzi amaningi avela emthonjeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinambuzane eziyinambuzane nazo ziyahlanzwa.

I-Fusarium

Lesi yisifo fungal esingabonakali futhi esiyingozi. Iyasakazeka futhi iphila emhlabathini, ithinta izimpande zanoma yisiphi isitshalo. I-Mushroom Fusarium ingaba semhlabathini iminyaka elinde izimo ezinhle. Futhi izimo zilungele yena: inhlabathi evulekile, engaphefumula ngokusabela okune-acidic noma okune-asidi kancane, umswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa okungama-25-28 ° C. I-Fusarium ayikhuli ezinsweni zobumba ezisindayo. Kepha yilezi zimo lapho umlimi ezenzela izitshalo zakhe, kubandakanya nesihlahla seapula. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, ukhunta uthinta izimpande, aqala ukulimala futhi afe. Futhi ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba, umlimi ubona amaqabunga aqothulayo, aconsa amahlumela. Njengoba sesinqume ukuthi umuthi awunawo umswakama owanele noma umsoco, wenza ukuchelela nokugqoka okuphezulu. Futhi iFusarium, okwamanje, iyathuthuka ngokushesha. Kuyingozi kakhulu izihlahla ezisencane, ezingafa ngenkathi ethile. Imvamisa, lesi sifo sasicekela phansi izitshalo emitholampilo ngokuphelele. Njengomthetho, ngemuva kokuthola lesi sifo, kusala kuphela ukukhipha kanye nokushisa umuthi we-apula ukusindisa ezinye izitshalo. Ungazama ukonga isitshalo esisha ngokudlulisela endaweni entsha. Bayibumba ngaphandle, bahlole izimpande ezigciniwe, iziguli ziyasikwa futhi ziphathwe nge-fungicides. Ngemuva kwalapho, ifakwe kusisombululo se-isishukumisi sempande (Kornevin, Heteroauxin, Epin, njll.) Futhi itshalwe emhlabathini.

Ukuvimbela izihlahla ze-apula zeFusarium:

• Ukubambelela ngokucophelela kubuchwepheshe bezolimo. Izitshalo ezinamandla neziphilile ziyakwazi ukumelana ne-fusarium.
• Ukutholwa kwezithombo kuphela ezindaweni ezinokwethenjelwa, ezifakazelwe, imibhede.
• I-Deoxidation yenhlabathi ngefulawa ye-dolomite.
• Ukulwa nesikhunta esisabalalisa izinambuzane. Lezi ngama-aphid, ama-whiteflies, izibungu zesicabucabu, njll.
• Ukubhujiswa kwezitshalo ezinesifo.

Isikali

I-ejenti yokubangela yokuqothuka - i-marsupial - ijwayelekile ezindaweni ezishisayo. Intwasahlobo ebandayo nebandayo imakhela izimo ezinhle. Izindawo ezingama-Velvety ezinombala onsundu omnqumo ziyavela kumaqabunga athintekile. Amabala ezithelo anzima, amnyama. Izithelo ngokwazo ziba zincane, zithole ukwakheka okubi.

Amafomu Hard, amnyama amafomu kuma-apula athinteka nesibanda

Njengezindlela zokungezelela ezingeziwe ezinconyelwayo:

• Izinhlobo ezikhula nezifo ezithinta izifo.
• Ukuvimbela ukufika okugqinsiwe.
• Ukugcina umqhele wesihlahla endaweni enomoya omncane, okhanyiswe kahle ngokuncipha ngokuncipha kwesikhathi.

Ukulwa nalesi sifo, ama-fungicides asetshenziswa, kanye namakhambi abantu abaningi.

Umdlavuza omnyama

Umuthi ophilile futhi oqinile awuthinteki kalula ngomdlavuza omnyama. Imvamisa kwenzeka ezitshalweni ezibuthakathaka emgodini wokubhoboza nasezinkomeni zeqhwa. Kaningi lesi sifo sithinta izihlahla ezikhula ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Amahlumela, amaqabunga, izimbali, izithelo zingathinteka. Kepha okuyingozi kakhulu ukuhlulwa kwegxolo lesihlahla. Okokuqala, kuvela amabala ansundu kuso, ukuqhekeka okungatheneki, kumbozwe ngesibabule, kube mnyama. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izingcezu zegxolo ezithintekile ziqala ukuhlukana. Izinkuni ezingenalutho zibukeka zisha. Uma ungathathi zinyathelo, khona-ke emva kweminyaka engama-3-4 isihlahla sizofa.

Ukuhlulwa okuyingozi kakhulu komdlavuza omnyama wamagxolo esihlahla

Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi kwenziwa ekuhlanzeni izindawo ezithintekile ukuze zenziwe ngokhuni olunempilo, ukhipha izibulala-zinambuzane ngesixazululo esingu-3% se-sulfate yethusi noma ezinye izikhunta, ukuzimboza ngesendlalelo se-var var engadini.

IBacteriosis (ukushiswa kwamagciwane)

Lesi sifo size eRussia ngemuva kuka-2009 sivela eYurophu. Kuyabonakala esifundeni saseKaliningrad nasezifundeni eziseningizimu. Iqhutshwa izinambuzane, izinyoni, umoya. Ingena kulesi sitshalo ngezimbali noma ngomonakalo wamaqabunga, amagxolo. Sisakazeka kuso sonke lesi sitshalo ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ze-sap conduction. I-Moniliosis, izicubu zezitshalo ezilimazayo, ithuthukisa ukungena kwamagciwane. Imvamisa lezi zifo ezimbili zenzeka ngasikhathi sinye. Izimpawu ezifakiwe ze-bacteriosis:

• Izindawo ezibomvu phakathi kwemithambo yamaqabunga.
• Imikhawulo yamahlumela amasha iyafa, nawo uqobo ayaphela. Umkhuba usakazeka usuka phezulu uye phansi, kwesinye isikhathi ushesha.
• Ukukhishwa okumhlophe kuvela kwi-cortex, okuthi kamuva kube mnyama. Amagxolo ayaqina, abe manzi.
• Amahlamvu nezimbali zomile, ziyafa, kepha zihlale emagatsheni. Umbala wabo uba nsundu.
• Izithelo zimbozwa kuqala ngamafinyila anamathelayo bese ziyancibilika, zimnyama. Hlala emagatsheni isikhathi eside, kwesinye isikhathi isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
  

  Nge-bacteriosis, amaqabunga bese amahlumela aba mnyama, avele

Izithelo ezincibilikisiwe ziyisiphephelo sobusika bamagciwane, ngakho-ke kumele ziqoqwe ngokucophelela futhi zichithwe. Yenza okufanayo nangezinye izingxenye zesitshalo ezithintekile. Amagxolo owonakalisiwe adwetshwe ngokhuni olunempilo futhi aphathwe ngama-antibiotics, bese embozwa nge-var var yengadi. Ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa futhi ukufafaza umqhele nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sokukhula. Izidakamizwa ezilandelayo zivame ukusetshenziswa:

• I-Ampicillin - i-ampoule eyodwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
• I-Fitolavin - 20 ml ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
• IGentamicin - i-ampoule eyodwa ilitha lamanzi. Isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwamanxeba.
• I-Ofloxacin - amaphilisi amabili ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo nokwelashwa kwe-bacteriosis, isikhunta kufanele sisetshenziselwe ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta okungenzeka.

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Izifo ezinje zibangelwa ngamagciwane akhula kumaseli ezitshalo eziphilayo. Zisatshalaliswa ngesithako sezitshalo ngezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezincnayo kanye nezimbuzane, nalapho kwenziwa imisebenzi esihlahleni - imigomo, ukuthenwa, ukunqwabelana - ngethuluzi elingavikelekile. Ezihlahleni eziningi ezinempilo, leli gciwane lingaba sesimweni esisekupheleni (isb., Lisesimweni esisekupheleni esingazivezi ngaphambi kwezimo ezinhle). Lapho isihlahla siba buthaka ngenxa yokuqandelwa, ukulinyazwa isikhunta, izinambuzane, ukuntuleka komswakama kanye (noma) umsoco, leli gciwane liyasebenza futhi lisulele isitshalo.

Indawo yeqabunga le-Chlorotic

Esihlahleni se-apula, ukubonakaliswa kubandakanya ukwakheka komfanekiso ophuzi oluhlaza okotshani, amaphethini endandatho ngendlela yamabala noma imigqa. I-necrosis engaba khona (ukufa) kwemiphetho yamaqabunga. Ukutheleleka ngobuningi kubonwa eCrimea, Moldova nase-Ukraine. Leli gciwane libangela ukubala oku-brown brown kumaqabunga nezithelo, kunciphisa isivuno ngo-20%.

Igciwane le-Chlorotic spotting lithela izitshalo ezibuthakathaka

Azikho izidakamizwa zokulwa nokutheleleka ngegciwane kwesihlahla se-apula. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele ancike ekugcinweni kobuchwepheshe bezolimo besiko, ukuqaliswa kwezindlela zokuvimbela ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta. Futhi kuzoba ukuvikela kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Igciwane alikwazi ukulimaza isihlahla esiphilile, esiqinile.

Izinambuzane zezihlahla ze-apula

Umuthi wama-apula unezinambuzane ezimbalwa. Ake sijwayelane nabasemqoka.

Ithebula: Izilokazane eziphambili zesihlahla se-apula

Igalari yezithombe: izinambuzane eziphambili zesihlahla se-apula

Ukwelashwa kwesihlahla i-Apple ngezifo nezinambuzane

Ezokwelapha ezivimbayo zemithi yama-apula, ama-fungicides, ama-insecticides namakhambi esintu asetshenziswa.

Ithebula: ukucubungula i-apula ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo

Ngenqubo yokutshala izihlahla zama-apula, abalimi bavame ukuba nezimo ezedlula ukukhula kwesitshalo okujwayelekile. Sizozama ukuqonda izimbangela zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu.

Kungani umuthi we-apula ungatheli zithelo futhi ungaqhakaza

Le nkinga ingaba nezimbangela eziningana.

• Uma lokhu kuwumuthi osemusha, mhlawumbe umnqamulajuqu wokugcwaliswa kwezithelo awukafiki. Ezinye izinhlobo zingena kule sizini ngonyaka we-7-9 emva kokutshala.
• Kwathengwa isithombo esingaxutshwanga. Izimo zesifunda azimhambelani, umuthi uqondisa wonke amandla okusinda. Isithelo sawo asisale.
• Isimo esifanayo senzeka lapho isithombo sitshalwe endaweni engafanele - ukubhukuda, ukutholakala kwamanzi omhlaba, i-alkalized, i-saline, nenhlabathi ene-asidi.
• Ukudla okunganele noma okungalinganiseli. Isibonelo, ukweqile kwe-nitrogen, ukushoda kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium.
• Ukulimala emahlumela ngembabala yezimbali.
• Ukuqandeka kwezimbali eziqhakaza izimbali.

Kungani ama-aphula abola esihlahleni

Ukugoqa ama-apula esihlahleni kungumphumela wesifo se-moniliosis, ithumba, kanye ne-bacteriosis. Futhi imbangela ejwayelekile yenkinga ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane - inundu lokudonsa, ukhakhayi, nembabala yezimbali.

Ividiyo: ukubola kwezithelo

Ukubola okumnyama esihlahleni se-apula

Imbangela kungenzeka umdlavuza omnyama, i-bacteriosis.

Mold (ukhunta) esihlahleni se-apula

Inkinga enjalo ivame ukuvela ezindaweni eziminyene, ezinomthunzi, nezinamanzi. Ukuvela kwesikhunta kuvela emagumbini esihlahla. Bangaba isikhunta ngokwemvelo. Kulokhu, isikhunta singakhula singene kumagxolo, sikuqothule. Akunandaba ukuthi ukhunta olubizwa ngalo, izenzo yilezi:

1. Kuyadingeka ukuhlanza amagxolo, usike izindawo ezilimele ukuze usebenze ngokhuni olunempilo.
2. Phatha amanxeba nge-fungicides - isixazululo se-3% se-sulfate yethusi, isi-3% isisombululo se-Bordeaux fluid, i-Abiga-Peak, njll.
3. Ukufaka isendlalelo esivikela i-var engadini.

Kepha imosses nama-lichens ajwayelekile afana nesikhunta. Amagxolo ezihlahla kubo yipulatifomu nje yokuphila. Ngokuphumelela okufanayo, bangahlala etsheni. Ama-mosses nama-lichen awanazimpande futhi awalimazi amagxolo. Umcimbi awuthandeki, kepha hhayi obulalayo. Zisonge ngezikhuhla zokhuni, uzama ukungalimazi amagxolo. Ifilimu, iphepha, indwangu, njll, zisatshalaliswa emhlabathini, bese zihlanzwa ngesisombululo esingu-1% se-sulfate yethusi bese simhlophe sigcwaliswa ngekhambi.

Ukuvimbela le nkinga:

• Gwema ukufika kogqinsi.
• Ungavumeli ingadi igcwale ukhula.
• Ukunqunywa komqhele okulawulayo kwenziwa minyaka yonke.
• Ekwindla, amagxolo eziqu zemithi namagatsha awugqinsi ayahlanzwa futhi acwengisiswe ngesisombululo selamula.

Kungani ama-apula ewa?

Lokhu yinto ejwayelekile ukuthi wonke umlimi ahlangane nayo kube kanye. Ama-apula angawa ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokukhula - kusuka emaqandeni kuya kwezithelo ezivuthwe ngokuphelele. Kungaba nezizathu ezahlukahlukene zalokhu:

• Bantula umswakama. Kulokhu, okokuqala, umuthi uwunika amaqabunga, uwuthathe ezitsheni eziwa.
• Umswakama owengeziwe uvimbela ukufakwa kwe-oxygen ezimpandeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, inqubo yokondliwa kwezithelo iyaphazamiseka.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium nakho kungadala ukuthi ama-apula awele. Kuyadingeka ukugcina ukudla okulinganiselayo.
• I-nitrogen ethe xaxa yenza izithelo zikhululeke, ingxenye yazo iwa.
• Ukulungiswa kwemvelo kwesitshalo. Ngokuqhakaza okuningana nokwakhiwa kwamaqanda, kungama-5-10% ezihlahla zawo ezingama-apula kuphela ezikwazi ukukhula, futhi kumbiwe nokulahla okweqile. Lokhu kujwayelekile.
• Kwezinye izinhlobo, izithelo ezifinyelele ekuvuthweni okuvuthiwe ziwa. Umgcini wegadi kufanele asazi lesi sici futhi avune ngokushesha.
• Hlula izinambuzane, isibonelo, inundu le-apula.

Kungani amaqabunga esihlahla sama-apula ephenduka aphuzi?

Izimbangela zalesi simo zihlukahlukene:

• Umuthi utshalwe endaweni enezikhukhula, indawo enamakhaza, noma umlimi eyigalela ngokunisela. Ngokudlulela komswakama, amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi kusuka phezulu kwesihlahla.
• Lapho utshala, intamo yezimpande yajulwa - umphumela uyefana.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen - amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka ophuzi kusukela emihlathini ephansi.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-zinc, i-magnesium, insimbi, isibabule. Umphumela osheshayo ezimweni ezinjalo unikeza ukufafaza ngezixazululo kukamanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi oqukethe lezi zinto.
  

  Ukuntuleka kwezinto ezinhlobonhlobo zama-micro and macro kubangela uphuzi lwamaqabunga

• Isimo sezulu esishisayo nokuntuleka komswakama.
• Ukulimala ezimpandeni ze-moles.
• I-Fusarium

Izindawo ezibomvu emaqabungeni esihlahla se-apula

Ukuvela kwamabala abomvu emaqabungeni kungakhombisa ukutheleleka ngokugqwala noma uqweqwe, kanye nomonakalo nge-aphid inyongo. Ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium, imiphetho yamaqabunga ingabola. Ukuntuleka kwe-Magnesium kubangela ukuhlukaniswa kabusha kwesikhala sezikhathi eziphakathi.

Amabala ansundu emaqabungeni esihlahla se-apula

Izimpawu ezinjalo zingakhombisa ukutheleleka nge-phylostictosis (amabala ansundu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushoda kwe-zethusi kungenzeka, kepha lokhu akunakwenzeka uma umlimi evame ukucubungula umqhele ngezixazululo ze-sulfate yethusi noma i-Bordeaux fluid. Enye inketho ukushiswa kwamaqabunga ngenxa yokunisela esimweni sezulu esishisayo selanga. Kulokhu, amaconsi amanzi emaqabunga adlala indima yama-lens akhulisa umphumela wokukhanya kwelanga.

Amaqabunga esihlahla se-apula aphenduka abomvu futhi aqhekeke

Ngokunokwenzeka, umuthi we-apula uthinteka yi-aphid inyongo. Lokhu kulula ukukuqinisekisa - vele uguqule ishidi eligoqiwe. Uma kungekho-aphid kuwo, mhlawumbe le nto ingumphumela wokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus, magnesium noma manganese. Futhi umgqomo ungadluliselwa kakhulu lapho ufaka ibhande lokuzingela, elikhawulela amandla omqhele.

I-plaque emnyama emthini we-apula ukuthi ungalwa kanjani

Njengomthetho, ibala elimnyama lingukumbiwa kwe-sooty fungus. Kungaba futhi nezimpawu ze-bacteriosis noma umdlavuza omnyama. Izindlela zomzabalazo zichazwe ngenhla.

Kungani amaqabunga awawa esihlahleni sama-apula ekwindla

Le nto ayinabungozi - ingadala ukwehla kobusika besihlahla, ukukhiqiza kanye nokulindelwa kwempilo. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana:

• Umuthi uthelwa yi-nitrogen engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo noma ekwindla. Lokhu kudala igagasi elisha lokukhula kwamaqabunga, elingenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa.
• Ukunisela ngokweqile noma ekwindla kakhulu. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuchelela ngaphambi kobusika ukulayisha amanzi kuyadingeka kanye, ekwindla sekwephuzile. Kepha isikhathi sokuphumula ngemuva kokuvuna isihlahla asidingi kuniselwa.
• Izinhlobo ze-apula ezingalawulwa. Uma utshala izinhlobonhlobo eziseningizimu emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, khona-ke isihlahla esinjalo asinaso isikhathi sokuqedela izitshalo ubusika.

Amaqabunga esihlahla sama-apula asentwasahlobo

Uma kuphela amaqabunga eqhuma - kulungile. Ezintsha zizokhula. Okubi kakhulu uma izinkuni zilimele. Lokhu kuvame ukuziveza ngokuthi umuthi uvuka sekwephuzile emva kobusika, khona-ke kwabonakala sengathi buyabuyiselwa, kepha amaqabunga aba mancane futhi akhula emuva kwesikhathi esijwayelekile entwasahlobo. Imiphumela yokuqandeka yenzeka eminyakeni engu-3-4 ezayo. Bheka izinga lokulimala ngokugaya amagatsha abuthakathaka. Izindawo ezimnyama esigabeni zikhombisa ukulimala kwesithwathwa kulezi zindawo. Izindawo ezithintekile ngeke zisalulama, kepha ngokunakekelwa okufanele, umuthi ungaphila eminye iminyaka engama-6-8. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungakhula umuthi omusha we-apula. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kusho ukuthwalwa kokuguga, ukuthambisa okuqinisiwe nokugqoka okuphezulu kwesihlahla.

Yini izihloko esihlahleni se-apula

Iziqongo ezigqobhozayo zikhuluphelisa amahlumela mpo. Amaqabunga kuwo ahlala elikhulu kakhulu, angafane atholakale. Akukaze kube khona izithelo kumahlumela anjalo. Izihloko zisusa ukudla esihlahleni ngakho-ke zingasuswa. Bavela ngemuva kokunqamula isihlahla kakhulu. Uma kunesidingo, ezinye iziqongo ezigxumayo zingenziwa ngokuthela izithelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, basikwa izinso ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Ukusuka egatsheni le-oda lesibili, kungakhiwa igatsha lezithelo elisha. Amagatsha anjalo kudingeka ukuthi agobeke aze afike ezingeni elivundlile, ngoba amile mpela awatheli izithelo.

Iziqongo ezigqobhozayo zikhuluphelisa amahlumela mpo

Ukwelashwa kwesibaya esimnyama esihlahleni se-apula

Kwakhiwa imbobo emnyama emthini we-apula ngenxa yesifo somdlavuza omnyama. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwalo, okokuqala udinga ukuhlanza kahle imbobo yokhuni efile namagxolo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungadinga amathuluzi ahlukahlukene - ummese, i-chisel, i-drill ene-nozzle yocingo, njll. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla, usakaze ifilimu noma enye into efanelekile yokuqoqa konke ukungcola okususwayo. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kufanele kushiswe, ngoba kungumthombo wokutheleleka.

Ngemuva kokuhlanza imbobo, kufanele ibulawe amagciwane nesixazululo 2% se-sulfate yethusi futhi sivunyelwe ukoma amahora amaningi. Ingaphezulu lomgodi limbozwe ngesendlalelo sevar engadini, esilungiselelwe ngesisekelo sezithako zemvelo (inyosi, i-lanolin). Awukwazi ukufaka umgodi i-var engadini kusuka kukaphethiloli noma ngokuba khona kweminye imikhiqizo elungisiwe njengengxenye yeminye imikhiqizo. Ekupheleni kokuhlinzwa, umgodi ugcwele igwebu elikhuphukayo. Phambilini, udaka nosimende wensimbi lwalusetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso, kepha izinto zesimanje zinikeza imiphumela engcono. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, igwebu eleqile lisikwa ngommese obukhali.

Video: super putty ekwelapheni izilonda, amanxeba, okungekho

Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi iningi lezinkinga ezihambisana nezifo noma izinambuzane zezihlahla zeapula, umlimi uthola ngenxa yokungahambisani nezindlela zokuthibela eziyisisekelo. Ezinye izinkinga zenzeka ngenxa yokungahambelani nobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ukukhetha okungafanele kwezinhlobo nokukhetha indawo otshala kuyo. Ngendlela efanele ehlelekile yokukhulisa isihlahla sama-apula futhi uyinakekele, ungahlala uthembele emiphumeleni ehle.