Ukuthola izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokutshala kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile kulimo lwama-apula. Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene nezindlela zokukhulisa izithombo. Sizosiza umlimi aqonde le nkinga enzima, wethule izinketho ezikhiqiza kakhulu nezingabizi kakhulu zokusabalalisa ukunqunywa kwe-apula.
Ukusikwa kwesihlahla se-apula: kungenzeka ukuthi ukhule i-apula kusuka ku-cutways
Impendulo yalo mbuzo ojwayelekile ayinangqondo - yebo, kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lena ukuphela kwendlela yokusakazeka kwesihlahla se-apula. Kuliqiniso, lisenethuba lokuyikhulisa kusuka embewini, kepha le ndlela enobuhlungu, edinga izindleko ezinkulu zesikhathi. Ngaphansi kwakhe izici eziguquguqukayo azigcinwanga futhi akazange athole ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi. Inhloso eyinhloko yokusikwa ukuthola izithombo zokusakazeka.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthola izithombo zesihlahla sama-apula kusuka kwezisikiwe - ngokuxhunyelelwa esitokisini (isitshalo okuthiwa ikhulele kuso noma ihlumela lesinye isitshalo) nokukhula imbondlo ngaphandle kokuxhunyelelwa. Sizokwambula ngokuningiliziwe umnyombo wendlela yesibili.
Isikhathi sokusakazwa ngokususwa kwe-mizizi
Zonke izindlela zokuthola izithombo kusuka ku-cuttings ngokusebenzisa ukuqothula ngaphandle kokuxhunyelelwa zidinga isitshalo esenziwe ngomumo ekwindla. Ngokuya ngokwendlela, inqubo ingaqala ekupheleni kobusika noma kwentwasahlobo. Izinsuku ezicacisiwe zizokhonjiswa ngezansi lapho kuchazwa izindlela zokubamba.
Ukusakazeka kwezihlahla ze-apula ngokusika kwe-cutout
Le ndlela isetshenziswa ezimweni ezinkulu ezimbili:
- Okwezitoko ezikhulayo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuthola izithombo ngokugoma.
- Ukuze uthole izithombo ezikahle
Indlela iqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuvuna ukusika.
- Ukugcinwa kwazo (uma kunesidingo).
- Ukubamba ngezimpande.
- Ukufakelwa.
Ukusakazwa kwezihlahla zama-apula ngokusika okunezinhlaka
Izimbambo ezinesithunzi zivame ukumpande entwasahlobo, futhi zivunwe ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba - ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha amahlumela aneminyaka emibili noma emibili anezilazi eziphakathi nendawo nomqhele oseningizimu noma ngaseningizimu mpumalanga yesihlahla. Kufanele babe baphilile ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokugula nomonakalo. Izinketho ezimbili kungenzeka:
Indlela yokuvuselela izinqubo zokuhlushwa ekusikeni okuzayo kwezinto ezikhulayo ama-hormone
Inamaphesenti aphezulu okusinda - ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ayikho ngaphansi kwama-70%. Indlela imi kanje:
- Amahlumela aqhekeka ngaphandle kokulimaza amagxolo noma ngomonakalo othile. Amagatsha amade angaqhekeka ezindaweni eziningana ngokuphumula kwezingu-15-20 cm.
- Izindawo zekhefu kufanele zilungiswe ngokusebenzisa ibhandeshi kusuka esibayeni, ngethayi kagesi noma kwenye into efanelekile. Kuleli fomu, ukusikwa kushiywe kuze kube sentwasahlobo, kuyilapho izinto ezikhulayo zizothunyelwa ezindaweni ezilimele ukuze ziphilise ukuqhekeka.
Amaphoyinti wekhefu kufanele alungiswe ngokusebenzisa ibhandishi kusuka kusichibi, itheyipu, noma okunye okulungile.
- NgoMashi - Ephreli, i-bandage iyasuswa bese ama-cutways asikiwe ezindaweni zokuphumula. Kulokhu, isigaba esingezansi kufanele siqonde futhi sibekwe ku-1-2 cm ngaphansi kwezinso, kanti phezulu kufanele kube yi-oblique kanye ne-0.5-1 cm ngaphezu kwezinso. Ukuqondiswa kokusika okuphezulu kusukela ezinso kuye phansi.
- Ukuze uthole ukhula lwenxalenye, beka ukusikeka ezitsheni ze-opaque (amabhodlela amabili amalitha epulasitiki emnyama enentambo esikiwe kufanelekile - asikwa ukuze iziphetho ezingenhla zezisikiwe ziphakeme kakhulu kunqenqemeni lwebhodlela), ngaphansi kwazo zibeka isiponji esimnandi 1-1,5 cm obukhulu bese zithululela ancibilike. noma amanzi emvula aze afike ku-cm cm angama-5-7. Kufakwa amaphilisi amabili wekhabhoni esebenzayo. Amathangi asikiwe ebekwe efasiteleni.
Ukuze uthole ukhula lwenxalenye, beka ukusika ezitsheni ze-opaque (amabhodlela amabili amalitha epulasitiki emnyama enentambo esikiwe kufanelekile), phansi kwayo abeka isiponji esimnandi 1-1,5 cm obukhulu bese athululela amanzi ancibilikisiwe noma amanzi emvula afike ezingeni lama-cm cm.
- Bese ubheka inqubo yokubamba kwezimpawu. Ngemuva cishe kwesonto, ifomu le-callus (callus) le-thickenings emaphethelweni aphansi wokusika, bese izimpande ziqala ukuvela. Lapho ubungako bawo bufika ku-5-7 cm (kaningi kuthatha amanye amasonto amabili), lapho-ke ukusikwa kutshalwe emhlabathini.
Lapho ubukhulu bezimpande bufika ku-5-7 cm (imvamisa kuthatha amasonto amabili), izihlahla ezisikwe emhlabathini
- Indawo okufika kuyo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle, kepha ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Isimo sezulu esishisayo, ungadinga umthunzi izithombo ezizayo. Ekuqaleni, ngaphambi kokufaka ukubamba kahle (cishe amasonto angama-2-3), udinga ukwenza abamba ukushisa ngokungaphezi ngaphezulu kokusikwa ezintweni zokwenziwa ngcono (ingilazi, ipulasitiki esobala noma ifilimu) ukudala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa.
- Ngenkathi yesikhathi, udinga ukunisela izitshalo ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuvimba inhlabathi ukuthi ingoma.
- Ngo-ekwindla, izithombo ezikhule ngokugcwele zikhula kusuka kuzinhlamvu, ezingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
I-Callus in biology yezitshalo isho amaseli akha ebusweni besilonda sesitshalo. Izicubu ze-Callus, ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli ahlangana emlenzeni, kwakheka izingosi zesikhokho - ngenxa yalokho, amanxeba ayaphola, ukugoma kukhula ndawonye, njll.
Umsuka wezinsika ezinemibala ekhaya
Kwabakhethiwe - njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla - amahlumela anqunywa ku-10-15 cm ubude ngama-internode amabili kuya kwamathathu bese ebekwa ukuze agcinwe esitsheni sesihlabathi esimanzi (ukusikwa kufanele kusibekelwe ngokuphelele). Ukushisa komoya akufanele kudlule +2 ° C. Baqala ukuzimpande ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Ukuze wenze lokhu:
- Izitsha ezifanele (amabhokisi, iziqukathi, amabhodwe, njll.) Zilungiselelwe ezigcwele inhlabathi enezakhi-mzimba ezifika ku-15-20 cm. Inhlabathi enjalo kufanele ilungiswe ekwindla ngokuxuba inhlabathi emnyama, i-peat, humus nesihlabathi somfula, ethathwe ngokulingana. Futhi ungasebenzisa noma yimuphi umhlabathi othengiwe ngokusabela okungathathi hlangothi kwe-acid (pH 6.5-7.0).
- Khipha izingcezu bese uvuselela ukusikeka kwabo.
- Izingxenye ezingenhla zimbozwe ngegadi yevar.
- Amaphethelo aphansi we-cuttings ancishiselwa amahora amaningi singene kwisisombululo sezimpande (iHeteroauxin, Kornevin, Zircon, njll).
- Ukusika kutshalwe enhlabathini kuze kufike ku-5 cm cm (akumele kube nezinso engxenyeni engezansi kwezinga lomhlabathi, futhi uma ikhona, khona-ke kufanele isuswe kuqala) ngokuphumula okungu-5-10 cm.
Izilimo zitshalwe emhlabathini ziye ekujuleni kwama-cm cm angama-5 cm ngokuphumula kwamasentimitha ayi-5- 10
- Amanzisa inhlabathi kahle futhi ngokuzayo aqinisekise ukuthi ayigcini. I-Waterlogging kanye ne-acidization nayo ayivunyelwe.
- Dala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa ezitsheni ngokwakha abamba ukushisa okuncane okungafakwanga. Gcina zangaphakathi endlini endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni.
- Ekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, iziqukathi ezinezihlahla ezisikiwe kakade ziyiswa engadini noma zidluliselwe endaweni evulekile esikoleni.
- Kuze kube ukuwa, bahlinzeka izitshalo ngokunakekelwa okujwayelekile - ukuthambisa, ukukhulula, ukubeka izimbali ngemifuno, umthunzi.
Indlela echaziwe ingathuthukiswa ngendlela ethokozisayo. Ngaphambi kokubeka izingcezu ebhokisini elinenhlabathi enezakhi, isiphelo saso esiphansi sinamathele kubhatata ojwayelekile (wonke amehlo asuswe kuwo). Ngemuva kwalokho ingxenye engezansi yezisikiwe, kanye namazambane, kungcwatshwa enhlabathini. Izenzo ezengeziwe zihlala zifana. Ngokobufakazi obuthile, le ndlela ikhulisa ukubamba kwezimpawu zokusika futhi bakha izimpande ezingcono.
Izinzuzo nobubi bezindlela zokusakazwa kwe-apula ngokususa izimpande kwezindlela ezisikiwe zokusika
Izici ezilandelayo zendlela zingabangelwa ubuhle:
- Ukulondolozwa kwezimpawu eziguquguqukayo zomnikeli. Izilimo zingathathwa kuzo zombili izihlahla zezimpande ezixhunyelelwe.
- Amandla okuzala kabusha izihlahla zama-apula nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
- Ukusika kulula ukusindisa, kungathunyelwa kunoma yiliphi ibanga ngaphandle kwezindleko ezikhethekile (ngokungahambisani nokuhambisa izithombo eziqediwe).
Ukuphela kwesimo sendlela eqhathaniswa nokusakazwa ngezinsika zezimpande yisikhathi eside sokwenza izimpande futhi kutholwe yisithombo esiqediwe.
Ukusakazeka kwezihlahla zama-apula ngokusika okuluhlaza
Le ndlela ayinikezeli izinga eliphakeme lokusinda - ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, isuka kuma-30 iye kuma-60%. Kepha njengoba ukusikwa okuluhlaza kungalungiswa ngamanani amakhulu amakhulu, futhi mahhala ngokuphelele, ungahlala uthole inani elifanele lezithombo ngenxa yalokho. Enye inzuzo yendlela ukugcinwa kwezimpawu eziguqukayo zomnikeli. Okubi kufaka ukunakekelwa okunenkinga ngandlela thile nesikhathi eside sokuthola isithombo esiphelile - sekuyiminyaka emibili. Ngenxa yalokhu kushiyeka, indlela ayisetshenziswa kakhulu lapho kwenziwa. Kulabo abafuna ukuyizama, sichaza ngokuningiliziwe. Inqubo kufanele iqalwe kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi, kepha kungekudala iba ngcono.
Inqubo imi kanjena:
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, mhlawumbe ekuseni, amagatsha aluhlaza okhula kwamanje anqunywa.
- Ukusika okukodwa noma okuningana kunganqunywa egatsheni ngalinye, kuye ngobude bawo. Ngamunye wabo kufanele abe nezinso ezintathu. Ngokwenza lokhu, gcina le mithetho elandelayo:
- Ukusikwa okuphansi kwenziwa ngqo ngaphansi kwezinso, bese ishidi elingaphansi likhishwe.
- Ingxenye ephezulu yenziwa ngo-0.5-1 cm ngaphezu kwezinso.
- Ukuze unciphise ukuhwamuka komswakama, amashidi amabili asele ancishiswa ngesigamu.
- Ingqimba yenhlabathi enezakhi enobukhulu obungama-cm cm-5 ithululelwa ebhokisini eliphansi, futhi ngaphezulu kwayo - isihlabathi esimanzi nesendlalelo esingama-4-5 cm.
- Ukusika okuvuniwe kubanjiswa esihlabathini kuya ekujuleni kuka-1-2 cm. Ibanga phakathi kokusikwa linakekelwa kungakapheli u-4-5 cm.
Izimbumbulu eziluhlaza zinamathela enhlabathini ziye ekujuleni kwe-1-2 cm ngokuhamba okungu-4-5 cm
- Ukufakwa okuluhlaza okuncane kwama-arcs nefilimu kufakwe ngaphezulu kwebhokisi ukudala imodi yokukhanya yomswakama efanelekile.
- I-greenhouse enebhokisi ifakwa emthunzini oyingxenye.
- Ngezikhathi ezithile zokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4, abamba ukushisa ngokufishane (okwemizuzu engama-5 ukuya kwengama-10) bavule futhi bancibilise isihlabathi kusuka kufafaza.
- Ngemuva kokususa izingcambu eziseleni (njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3) abamba ukushisa kuyasuswa.
- Kuze kube ekwindla, benza isiqiniseko sokuthi inhlabathi ihlala inomswakama, bayithukulula ngezikhathi ezithile bese beyiguqula.
- Ekwindla, izithombo ezincane zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo (ngesiphephelo esibophezelayo kusuka kwisithwathwa), noma zidluliselwe ezitsheni ezinomhlabathi onempilo futhi zibekwe endaweni engagcinwanga ubusika ebusika.
Ividiyo: ungasiphula kanjani izingcwecwana eziluhlaza ngokufanele
Khula izithombo ze-apula kusuka kuzimpande ezisikiwe
Izimpande ezisikiwe zingasabalalisa umuthi we-apula wanoma yikuphi okuhlukahlukene. Konke okubalulekile ukuthi yimpande. Uma sithatha ukusika esihlahleni se-apula esiqoshwe kuso, ngenxa yalokho sithola isithombo esingahlukihluka, esingasetshenziswa kuphela njengesitoko ngokuxhunyelelwa isitshalo kuso. Isimo sesibili sokuthola umphumela omuhle ukuthi umuthi weapula onikelayo kumele ube mncane (ungabi mdala kuneminyaka engama-5-7), njengoba amandla alo okwenza amahlumela ezimpande ancipha kakhulu ngobudala. Izilimo zivunwa ekwindla ngokusika izingxenye zezimpande nge-ububanzi ka-5-10 mm nobude obuyi-10-15 cm, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukumaka iziphetho zazo ezaziseduze kwesiqu. Kuze kube sentwasahlobo, ukusika kugcinwa ngaphansi kwengqimba yesihlabathi esisele emthonjeni wokushisa ongadluli ku-+5 ° C. Ungase futhi ugaye ukusika engadini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bha isiza esincanyana endaweni engacabangi, phansi okuthelwa kuyo ungqimba lwesithosi. Izisiki ezihlanganisiwe ezivela phezulu nazo zimbozwa ngokhuni futhi zifafazwe nomhlaba. Uma ubusika esifundeni bungabandi futhi bungeziqhwa kakhulu, lapho-ke indawo yokumba ihlanganiswe nezinto zokuthuthuka - amagatsha ngesihlahla sonwele sase-spruce, amaqabunga omile, sawdust, njll. Kungasiza ukubeka izithiyo eziyingozi zamagundane endaweni yokubeka.
Baqala ukutshala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngokuqala kokuvuvukala kwezinso. Ubuchwepheshe bume kanjena:
- Izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu ngaphambi kosuku okulindeleke ngalo lokutshala, izihlahla ezibekiwe zifakwa ebhokisini eline-sawdust ukuze ingxenye esondele esiqwini yembozwe, bese ingxenye yesibili iqondiswa phezulu bese iphumela kancane ngaphezu kwesihlahla.
- Sawdust umswakama kahle bese ubeka ibhokisi egumbini efudumele (+ 20-25 ° C).
- Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ama-buds akha kwi-cuttings, emva kwalokho ukukhula kwehlumela kuqala. Lapho iziqu zamahlumela zifinyelele ku-1 cm, atshalwa emhlabathini. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka emavikini angama-2-3.
- Izimbambo zitshalwa ngokungacacile noma zibheke kuma-grooves ngokunqenqema kwama-5-6 cm ukuya ekujuleni kangangokuthi zikhipha emhlabathini ngo-1.5-2 cm.
- I-groove iyaniselwa futhi ifakwe emanzini amaningi.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, zinakekelwa kanye nezithombo ezijwayelekile (zamanzi, zithukululwe, zomiswa, zomthunzi, njll.).
Isikhathi esithile emva kokutshala izimpande zezithombo zisuka
Inzuzo enkulu yendlela isikhathi esifushane sokuthola izithombo kunangezindlela zokusika izithombo ezisikiwe ezi-lignified (futhi eziluhlaza kakhulu). Kepha ngokushesha okukhulu (nangomphumela wekhwalithi efanayo), ungathola isithombo ngokusebenzisa ihlumela lezimpande (ihlumela) njengesithombo saso. Okubi kwendlela:
- Ukwehluleka ukusabalalisa izihlahla kuwo.
- Ukwehluleka ukuzala kabusha izihlahla ezindala.
Ukukhula kwezithombo kusuka ezingxenyeni zezimpande
Entwasahlobo, ezungeze isiqu, inhlabathi ithululelwa ungqimba lwama-20 cm futhi inisele njalo phakathi nenkathi. Ngonyaka olandelayo, izimpande ezinamahlumela ngezihlahla zamagatsha agqitshiwe zikhula kusukela engxenyeni efafazwe yesiqu, enqunywe umlomo bese isetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa. Vele, le ndlela isebenza kuphela kuma-apula ezimpande.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngemuva kokuba i-powder ifafazwe ngesiqu, izimpande ezinamagatsha okugcwala okuvela phezulu zikhula kuwo, ezinqanyuliwe futhi ezisetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa.
Ividiyo: ukuthola izithombo ze-apula kusuka kumagatsha ezimpande
Ukusika kwe-midzi emthini (ukubekwa kwezindiza)
Yindlela ethandekayo yokukhula izimpande ngqo esihlahleni. Ngenhloso yale ndlela, ngoMeyi - Juni, amagatsha anamandla kakhulu ngokukhula okuhle akhethiwe. Bese benza lokhu:
- Kutholakala ihlumela elincanyana lonyaka wamanje futhi ngaphansi kwendawo lapho yaqala khona ukukhula engxenyeni eledlule yesilima, igxolo lisuswa ngendandatho engu-1-3 cm ububanzi.
- Indawo enqunyiwe yamagxolo inyanyiswa ngesisombululo seKornevin, esizosiza ekwakhekeni kwezimpande ngokushesha.
- Ibanga eliyi-10-15 cm ngenhla kokuqunjelwa, zonke izinso ziphuphuthekisiwe futhi ukuvela okumbalwa kwe-cortex kwenziwa.
- Isikhwanyana esincanyana se-polyethylene sifakwa egatsheni - isikhwama esinezimbobo ezisikiwe - isentimitha esingu-10-15 cm. Isiphelo saso esiphansi sivikelekile ngothayela kagesi ongu-8-10 cm ngaphansi kwesisekelo se-annular. Ngemuva kwalokho, lesi sikhwama sigcwaliswa ukuphakama kwama-buds aphuphuthekile nge-sawdust ebunjiwe, ebunjiwe noma yomswakama bese ufaka i-humus encane. . Moisten the substrate ngokungeza cishe 200-300 ml wamanzi - ncibilikisa noma imvula - bese ulungisa isiphelo esingaphezulu sephakethe ngethayi kagesi. Esikhundleni sesikhwama (noma unayo), ungasebenzisa ibhodlela leplastiki elisikiwe ngosayizi ofanele.
Umklamo wezingqimba zomoya obekiwe wenziwe ngezinto ezithuthukisiwe
- Ngemuva kwalokho, isakhiwo esiphumela sigoqwa ezingxenyeni eziningana zamaphephandaba noma ephepheni elimhlophe ukubonisa ukukhanya kwelanga. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa i-aluminium foil yalokhu.
- Ngo-ekwindla, izimpande kufanele zakheke ngaphakathi kwesikhwama. Uma lokhu kwenzekile, khona-ke ingxenye engenhla yegatsha enezimpande iyanqunywa bese itshalelwe ubusika emseleni, efakwe kahle.
- Entwasahlobo, yisithombo sitshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
Le ndlela yakudala, noma ingasetshenziswanga kabanzi, cishe ayinazithiyo futhi inganconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe.
Ividiyo: amagatsha asemoyeni wetihlahla ze-apula
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwesihlahla se-apula ngokusika ukubhula okuvela ekuqaleni kungabonakala kunzima. Ngemuva kokutadisha ngokucophelela imiyalo yokuthola izithombo kusuka ku-lignified, green noma izimpande ezisikiwe, umlimi uyozitholela indlela efanelekile yesimo esithile.
