Ungatshala kanjani isihlahla se-apula

Isihlahla sama-apula singesinye sezilimo eziyinhloko zezithelo, ngaphandle kwawo akukho ndawo eyodwa noma ikhaya lasehlobo eliphelele. Ukuze ukhule umuthi omuhle, omningi futhi oveza njalo izithelo, umlimi uzoqala adinge ulwazi lwemithetho nezici zokutshala isihlahla sama-apula ngokuya ngezimo ezikhona. Umsebenzi wethu ukumsiza ngalokhu.

Izinsuku zokutshala izihlahla ze-Apple

Ukukhethwa kwezinsuku zokutshala ezifanele zezihlahla zamaapula kuncike esifundeni sokutshala. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu ezinehlobo elishisayo nelomile, kubalulekile ukunakekela ukutshala ekwindla, ngoba uma wenza lokhu entwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo esencane ngeke sibe nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande futhi siqinise ngaphambi kokuqala kwepore sultry. Kulokhu, uzodinga ukuchelela okwengeziwe nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana elangeni elihangukayo.

Kwezinye izifunda, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukutshala kwentwasahlobo. Izithombo ezitshalwe entwasahlobo phakathi nehlobo zizoba nesikhathi sokukhula kahle, zinikeze ukukhula, zithole amandla ebusika bokuqala. Ezimweni zombili, isikhathi sokutshala sikhethwa ukuze izitshalo ziphumule. Entwasahlobo - kuze kube isikhathi lapho ukugeleza kwe-sap kwenzeka (lokhu kunganqunywa ngokuvuvukala kwezinso), futhi ekwindla - ngemuva kokuphothulwa (ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga).

Le mithetho isebenza uma kwenzeka ukutshala izithombo ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile (i-ACS). Ukutshala izithombo ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe (ZKS) kuvunyelwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngenkathi yokukhula kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba.

Ungatshala kuphi isihlahla sama-apula esizeni

Lo ngumbuzo wokuqala odinga ukusonjululwa lapho uqala ukutshala isihlahla sama-apula. Impilo yesitshalo, isikhathi sayo sokuphila kanye nemvamisa yokwenza izithelo kuncike ekukhetheni okuyikho kwendawo nezimo ezikhulayo. DEsihlahleni sama-apula, kungakuhle ukhethe indawo ezovikeleka ngokuthembekile emimoyeni yasenyakatho. Ukuvikelwa okunjalo kungasebenza izihlahla ezinde, uthango nezindonga zezakhiwo ezitholakala enyakatho noma enyakatho-nentshonalanga kwendawo ebanjelwe kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanga kubo kufanele libe likhulu kangangokuba kungabikho sithunzi esenziwe. Isihlahla se-apula sithanda ukukhanya kwelanga nomoya omncane.

Izihlahla ze-Apple zikhula kangcono ezindaweni ezinokhanya kahle futhi zinomoya omncane ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo emimoyeni ebandayo yasenyakatho.

Ngokwesithunzi esinqunyiwe, kukhona ubungozi bezithelo eziphansi, ukuphakama kwezihlahla, kanye nokwakheka kokudumba, okuholela ezifweni ezahlukahlukene. Ngesizathu esifanayo, awukwazi ukukhetha izindawo ezinamaxhaphozi, ezimanzi. Iziza ezinokusondela (kufika kumamitha ayi-1-2) okuvela kwamanzi asemhlabathini nazo azifanelekile. Isinqumo esihle kakhulu kungaba indawo esendaweni encane (i-10-15 °) eningizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga noma emthambekeni osentshonalanga eseningizimu.

Kungenzeka yini ukutshala isihlahla sama-apula esikhundleni sendala

Impendulo ecacile ithi cha. Iqiniso ngukuthi inhlabathi isikhathele futhi yaphela amandla iminyaka eminingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-inhibitors athile atholwe izimpande zesihlahla sakudala se-apula, kanye nama-pathogen kanye nezinambuzane, aqongelela kuwo ngamanani amakhulu.

Inhibitor (lat. Inhibere "ukubambezeleka") - igama elijwayelekile lezinto ezicindezela noma ezibambezela inkambo yezinqubo zokwenziwa komzimba kanye ne-physico-amakhemikhali (ikakhulukazi enzymatic).

I-Wikipedia

//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingibitor

Kungcono ukutshala isihlahla sama-apula enhlabathini ephumule ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine yokutshala umquba oluhlaza noma izilimo ezifanayo. Ngokuntuleka kwesikhala, ungazama, ukumba umgodi omkhulu, ugcwalise ngomanyolo omningi, ama-macro- nama-microelements, njll. Kepha kuzodingeka usebenze kanzima futhi umphumela awukakaqinisekiswa. Noma ngabe yini umgodi omkhulu, eminyakeni embalwa izimpande zizodlula. Futhi ngisho noma utshala ingadi entsha, akufanele ukhethe indawo ngemuva kokudilizwa endala.

Ibanga lokutshala isihlahla i-Apple ukusuka kocingo

Ibanga lokutshala izihlahla kusuka ezicijweni ezingomakhelwane livame ukulawulwa iziphathimandla zasendaweni noma abashayeli bezinhlangano zamasiko kanye nababambisene nabo. Njengomthetho, izihlahla ezinde zivunyelwe ukuthi zingatshalwa kungabi ngaphezu kwamamitha amane, futhi izihlahla ezixinzekile ezingekho ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili ukuya emngceleni wendawo.

Isikimu sokutshala izihlahla i-Apple

Imvamisa, izihlahla zama-apula zitshalwa ngemigqa engadini. Ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele linikeze kalula ukulondolozwa, ukukhanya okuhle kanye nomoya omncane wezitshalo. Okukhethwa kukho indawo yokuhlala engcono kunazo zonke lapho imigqa itholakala ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga. Kulokhu, izimo zokukhanya eziphelele zenziwa. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa likhethwa kusuka kumamitha amathathu kuya kwamane kwezihlahla ezingama-apula ezinesilinganiso esincane sedayimane, kuya kumamitha ayisithupha kuya kwayisikhombisa uma kwenzeka kukhula izinhlobo ezinde. Isikhathi sokutshala sisuka kumamitha angama-0.8-1,5 wamakholamu akhula ngokufika kumamitha ayisithupha uma izihlahla ezinde zinomqhele obanzi.

Omakhelwane abahle nababi besihlahla se-apula

Izihlahla ze-Apple zihlangana kahle nezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zezithelo futhi, ngokuya ngezindlela zokutshala ezingenhla, zizokhula buthule futhi zithele izithelo. Omakhelwane abaphumelele kakhulu yilaba:

• iplamu;
• quince;
• UCherry
• iparele.

Kepha noma kunjalo kukhona omakhelwane abangafuneki. Lokhu:

• nati;
• ulwandle lwenhlazi yasemanzini;
• viburnum;
• i-elderberry;
• i-spruce;
• thuja;
• isihlahla sikaphayini.

Inhlabathi yesihlahla se-Apple

Kukholakala ukuthi umuthi wama-apula awukhethi futhi ungakhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi. Kepha lokhu kungamaphutha. Eqinisweni, leli siko lidinga imingcele ethile yenhlabathi, kuyo ikhombisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu. I-All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture eqanjwe ngo-I.V. Michurin incoma inhlabathi yesihlahla sama-apula enezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Isakhiwo esisele, esinama-porous esine-capillary umswakama omuhle.
• Ukusabela okune-acidic ebangeni le-pH 5.1-7.5.
• I-Carbonate akukho ngaphezu kwe-12-15%.
• Okuqukethwe usawoti okunganele, i-sulfate ne-chloride salinization.
• Umsebenzi we-biobiological ephezulu ngokuhambisana nokuqukethwe kwe-humus okungenani 2%.

Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi, inhlabathi e-loamy, nenhlabathi yama-loamy kanye ne-chernozems ihlangabezana nalezi zimo. Vele, kukude kakhulu ukuthi kwenzeke njalo ukuthola isiza esinomhlabathi ohlangabezana nezinkomba ezibekiwe. Imvamisa, izimo zangempela zisekude kakhulu.

Ungatshala kanjani isihlahla se-apula

Ukutshala isihlahla sama-apula, udinga ukuba nomgodi wokutshala kanye nesithombo sezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe. Umgcini wegadi ulungiselela umgodi yedwa, bese kuthi lesi yisithombo singene enkulisa noma sikhule kusuka kumsika noma imbewu.

Ukulungisa umgodi wokutshala isihlahla se-apula

Kunoma ikuphi, umgodi wokutshala udinga ukulungiswa kusenesikhathi, okungenani amaviki angama-3-4 ekutshaleni ekwindla, futhi ekutshaleni kwentwasahlobo kulungiselelwe ekwindla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isimo sezulu sentwasahlobo kungenzeka singakuvumeli ukuthi ulungiselele umgodi ngesikhathi, futhi noma ngabe izimo ezisesakhiweni zisekude kakhulu kunalokho kunconyiwe, khona-ke ukulungiswa kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi. Kwenhlabathi evundile enhle, ukulungiselela umgodi wokufika akunzima. Udinga nje ukumba umgodi ojwayelekile onesilinganiso esingu-60-70 cm kanye nokujula okufanayo. Hlanganisa inhlabathi efakwayo ngomanyolo bese uyibuyisela emgodini. Ingxenye eyodwa ye-humus kanye ne-peat, kanye namabhakede we-0.5 womlotha wezinkuni kanye nama-gramu angama-200- 300 we-superphosphate ngembobo ngayinye yokutshala, anezelwa engxenyeni ngayinye yenhlabathi.

Ungasitshala kanjani isihlahla sama-aphula uma useduze komhlaba

Ukuvela kwamanzi omhlaba okusondele kakhulu kuyisithiyo esikhulu sokutshala isihlahla sama-apula. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungenzeka - indlela yomuntu ngamunye iyadingeka lapha. Enguqulweni elula kunazo zonke, ungenza ukukhetha okulungile kwezinhlobo. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi umude kangakanani umuthi, ukujula kwezimpande zawo kanye nokuzwelana kwawo kuphendula namanzi asemhlabathini. Njengomthetho, izihlahla zama-apula ezimpandeni ezinemifino emincane zinezimpande zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 ngokujulile futhi, ngokulandelana, ngeke ziphendule emanzini asemhlabathini ngaphansi kwaleli zinga. Ezihlahleni zama-apula ezinemisundu nezincane, lesi sibalo sincane ngisho - imitha eyodwa kuphela.

Lapho iphakeme isihlahla sama-apula, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele abe

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasiphakamisa lesi sitshalo ukuphakama okuthile ngokwakha i-embankment hill 0,6-1 metres ukuphakama namamitha ayi-1-2 ububanzi.

Njengoba inendawo eseduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, izihlahla zama-apula zingatshalwa emagqumeni amakhulu

Futhi indlela yesithathu, ebiza kakhulu, yokukhipha yonke indawo isebenzisa imishini yezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi. Azikho izincomo ezingathandeki kulolu daba. Ngokuya ngezimo ezithile, kukhethwa uhlelo oluthile - kungcono ukusebenzisa izinsiza zochwepheshe kulesigaba.

Ukutshala izihlahla ze-Apple enhlabathini enesihlabathi

Inkinga ngalesi simo ukuthi inhlabathi yesihlabathi ayinawo umsoco namandla okugcina amanzi. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wensimu esizeni esinjalo ukuqeda kakhulu ukushiyeka. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi kunomsoco owanele, bhala umgodi wokutshala osayizi omkhulu kakhulu ongabakhona wesihlahla se-apula.

Umgodi wokufaka esihlabathini kufanele ube mkhulu kakhulu kunenhlabathi ejwayelekile

Lapho nginezindlu zasehlobo enhlabathini enesihlabathi, lapho ngibeka ingadi kwakudingeka ngambe izimbobo ezijulile ezingama-120 cm nobubanzi obufanayo. Ngezansi ngabeka ungqimba lobumba obomvu olunamasentimitha angama-20, olusebenza njengesithiyo sokugcina umswakama. Ngimboze lonke ivolumu nge-chernozem engeniswayo, ngokwahlukana kwezendlalelo nge-hum humus ne-peat. Isilinganiso esilinganiselwe salezi zingxenye bekungama-3: 1: 1. Ngizocacisa ukuthi lesi sibalo sasingekho ngenxa yemininingwane yesayensi, kodwa ukutholakala nezindleko zezinto zokwenziwa. Uma ngibheka phambili, ngiyabona ukuthi le ndlela yokutshala inesizathu esizwakalayo futhi izihlahla zama-apula ezitshalwe ngale ndlela zikhula futhi zithele izithelo namanje eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye. Kuyiqiniso, abanikazi abasha manje bavuna isivuno, kodwa leyo enye indaba.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi noma kungakanani amandla abekwe emgodini wokufika ngesikhathi sokufika, akunakwenzeka ukuyiqinisekisa impilo yonke. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezitshalwe enhlabathini ezinesihlabathi ngokuzayo zizodinga ukugqokwa okuphezulu ngaphezulu.

Ukutshala izihlahla zama-apula enhlabathini yobumba

Inhlabathi ye-Clay akuyona inketho enhle yesihlahla sama-apula, kepha noma kunjalo ngokusebenzisa imizamo ingatshalwa. Udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kuleli cala, umthamo omkhulu womgodi wokutshala uyadingeka, njengasenhlabathini enesihlabathi. Kuphela kufanele kutholakale ikakhulukazi ngokwandisa ububanzi bomgodi, hhayi ukujula kwawo. Njengomthetho, ungqimba lobumba oluqinile luqala ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-40-50. Kwanele ukumba umgodi ngokujula okungaphezu kokuqala kongqimba lobumba ngamasentimitha ayi-15-20. Nguwo lo mthamo ogcwaliswa ungqimba lwamatshe wedwala ochotshoziwe, izitini ezaphukile, udaka olwandisiwe, njll. Ububanzi bomgodi bungaba ebangeni elingamasentimitha ayi-100-150. Uma ubumba luqala ngokujula (amasentimitha ayi-10-30), khona-ke ukugcwaliswa kwamagquma ngeke kulimaze, njengoba kunjalo ngokuvela okukhulu komhlaba. Ingxube yezakhi yokugcwalisa umgodi ilungiswa ngendlela efanayo nasezenzakalweni ezedlule, kepha ukunikeza isakhiwo esi-looser engeza kuze kufike ku-25% wesihlabathi somfula onamabala.

Ekhayeni lami elisha (empumalanga ye-Ukraine), inhlabathi ingubumba. Ingqimba yobumba ilele ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-40-50. Kulonyaka kwadingeka ngigawule isihlahla sama-apula esidala nesigulayo. Ngenkathi ngiqala ukuyisusa, ngithole iqiniso elihehayo - izimpande ezimbalwa zesihlahla se-apula esinobubanzi obungaba amasentimitha angama-7-8 zihlukaniswe ngokufana kusuka esiqwini ngaphezulu kwamabanga amakhulu, ngokudlulela ubukhulu bomqhele wobukhulu. Futhi zitholakala ngokuqondile ngokuqondile emgqeni wokuhlukanisa izingqimba ezivundile nobumba. Ukusuka kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi akunangqondo ukwenza imigodi ejulile yokufika kuleyo nhlabathi. Noma kunjalo, izimpande eziphambili zizoba sezingeni lobumba.

Ungatshala kanjani isihlahla sama-apula emhlabathini we-peat

Inhlabathi yezilwane ezifuywayo imvamisa iba khona komhlaba osondelene nomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ilawulwe ngokumba imithombo usebenzisa i-drill engadini. Ipharamitha yesibili okufanele iqashelwe yi-acidity enhlabathini. Kungenzeka ukuthi idluliswe ngaphezulu - lokhu kujwayelekile kwenhlabathi ye-peat. Kulokhu, nge-deoxidation yayo, kwethulwa ufulawa we-lime noma ufulawa we-dolomite ngesilinganiso esingu-0.5 kg / m kuyadingeka². Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva kokufaka isicelo, isilinganiso sokulawula i-acidity senziwa futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukusebenza kuyaphindwa. Uma ungqimba lwe-peat lungamasentimitha angama-40 nangaphezulu, lapho-ke udinga ukwengeza isihlabathi somfula enhlabathini ngesilinganiso esingu-4 m³ ku-100 m². Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, kumanyolo kuyadingeka:

• i-humus ngesilinganiso esingu-4-6 kg / m²;
• superphosphate - 150-200 g / m²;
• izinkuni zomlotha - 3-5 l / m².

Ungatshala kanjani isihlahla sama-apula emadwaleni

Kunezindawo eziningi ezinenhlabathi enamathela, lapho ungqimba olungaphezulu oluvundile lunokuqina okungabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-10-15. Ngemuva kwayo ungqimba olunamandla lwe-podzol, amatshe amatshe noma umhlabathi oqinile wamatshe. Emuva maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abalimi baseSiberia beza nendlela ethokozisayo yokutshala izihlahla kulezo zimo ezazibonakala zingamukeleki ngokuphelele. I. Petrakhilev ("Isipiliyoni sethu sokutshala izihlahla zezithelo", "Ingadi yasekhaya" No. 9, 1958) sichaze indlela yomsele yokutshala izihlahla zezithelo esebenza ngempumelelo. Kunje:

1. Endaweni ekhethiwe bamba (bhala ngaphandle) umgodi onobubanzi obungu-60-70 cm kanye nokujula okufanayo (uma kufiswa, lawa masayizi angaba makhulu).
2. Imba emibili yokujikijelana engafika kumamitha amane ubude ibanjwa maphakathi nomgodi. Ububanzi nokujula kwemisele kufanele kube ngu-40 cm.
3. Umgodi obangelwa uthululwa ngengxube yezakhi.
4. Kuyo yonke imisebe emine yemisele ebangeni elingamasentimitha angama-60 ukusuka enkabeni yomgodi, ama-fascias angama mpo enziwa ngezinduku ezinobubanzi obungu-1.5-3 cm nobude obungu-40 cm.
   

   Indlela yokutshala izihlahla imisele ikuvumela ukuthi ukhule izihlahla ezinhle zama-apula ezinamathelweni nakweminye inhlabathi evundile ephansi
5. Maphakathi nomgodi wokutshala, isithombo sitshalwa ngokwemithetho ejwayelekile, esizochazwa ngezansi.

Kamuva, ngomswakama, wonke umswakama ungena ngqo ezimpandeni, bese kuthi umanyolo we-liquid unikezwe zona. Ukuze ama-fascines angathuli, ambozwe izingcezu zophahla, futhi ebusika ambozwe nge-peat. Impilo yabo yenkonzo imvamisa iba yiminyaka emithathu, ngemuva kwalokho kufakwa ama-fascines amasha, kepha asebekhulile kusuka esikhungweni, ngoba izimpande zikhula eduze kwemisele.

UFashina (Faschine waseJalimane osuka ku-lat. Fascis - "isixuku sezinduku, isixhaxha") - isixha sezinduku, isixha sendlu yezinkuni, siboshwe ngezinduku ezisontekile (ukunitha), izintambo noma ucingo.

I-Wikipedia

//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashina

Isipiliyoni esichaziwe sokutshala izihlahla zama-apula nezinye izihlahla zezithelo siphindwe kaningi futhi ngempumelelo abanye abalimi eSiberia. Futhi le ndlela ingasebenza nakweminye inhlabathi enezinkinga - ubumba, isihlabathi kanye nanoma yikuphi ukungcola.

Ukutshala izihlahla zama-apula entwasahlobo ngezithombo, kufaka phakathi kuwo

Lapho nje indawo yokutshala isikhethiwe, ungaqhubeka nokukhethwa nokuthengwa kwezithombo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kufanelekile ukunikela ukukhetha kuzinhlobo ezigawulwe esifundeni sokutshala, futhi kungcono ukuzithenga ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona ukumba okukhulu kwezithombo ngemithombo yezingane futhi ukukhetha kubanzi. Lapho uthenga isithombo nge-ACS, isitshalo kwesinye isikhathi sikhethwa iminyaka eyi-1-2, njengoba abantu abadala sebekhula ngezimpande. Izitshalo ezine-ZKS, esesitsheni, zingaphansi kweminyaka emine. Izihlahla ezindala zithengiswa inqwaba yomhlaba ebekwe kufree yensimbi. Njengoba isitoreji sasebusika sezitshalo ezine-ZKS sidinga ukuhlinzekwa kwezimo ezibandayo zokugcina ukushisa, kungcono ukuzithenga entwasahlobo - ekwindla ngonyaka wokutshala.

Ungayigcina kanjani i-apple yisithombo ngaphambi kokutshala kwentwasahlobo

Isithombo esithengiwe ne-ACS siyohlala kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokumba isitshalo engadini. Ukuze wenze lokhu:

1. Bamba umgodi ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-25 kuya kwe-25 ubude nobude be-seedling.
2. Ungqimba lwesihlabathi olungamasentimitha angu-10,5 ubukhulu lithululelwa phansi komgodi bese lumanzi.
3. Izimpande ze-Sapling zifakwe ku-mash yobumba.
   

   Ngaphambi kokulondolozwa, izimpande zezithombo zicwilisa kufakwa kubumba lobumba.

4. Isitshalo sibekwa emgodini cishe ngokuvundlile, sibeka izimpande esihlabathini, kanti phezulu sisekelwa onqenqemeni lomgodi.
5. Fafaza izimpande ngesihlabathi esimanzi, bese kuthi ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqhwa aqinile, isitshalo sonke simbozwe ngumhlaba, kusale kuphela umqhele ngaphezulu.
   

   Iziqeshana ezine-system evulekile yezimpande zigcinwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo emseleni

Ungagcina izithombo emiphongolweni ngokushisa okungu-0- + 3 ° C, uqinisekise ukuthi izimpande zigcinwa zimanzi, ngokwesibonelo, zizinameka nge-moss noma i-saw saw.

Ukutshala isithombo emhlabathini emthonjeni

Ngesikhathi sokutshala, bakhipha isithombo endaweni yokukhosela, bayihlole, futhi uma konke kuhamba kahle ngayo, baqala ukutshala. Inqubo yokutshala ngokuxhunyelelwa nezimpande izitshalo okulandelayo:

1. Uhlelo lwezimpande lumanzi amahora amaningi emanzini ngokufakwa kwesikhuthazi sokukhula nokwakhiwa kwezimpande. Ungafaka iKornevin, Heteroauxin, Zircon, Epin, njll.
2. Ngalesi sikhathi, lungiselela umgodi wokutshala. Kuze kube manje:
   1. Kwembiwa umgodi maphakathi nomgodi wokutshala ngokusho kohlelo lwempande yesithombo.
   2. Kude phakathi nendawo okude amasentimitha ayi-10-15, isigxobo samamitha angu-1-1.2 ukuphakama sivalekile.
   3. Kwakhiwa umgodi omncane wenhlabathi emgodini.
3. Isithombo sehliselwa emgodini, sibeke izimpande ekhondweni ukuze intamo yezimpande ibe sezingeni layo, futhi izimpande eziqondile zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo emithambekeni.
4. Okulandelayo, usizo lomuntu wesibili lufiselekayo, ozogcwalisa kahle izimpande ngomhlaba, zihlanganiswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi intamo yezimpande icishe ibe sezingeni lomhlabathi noma iphakame ngaphezu kwayo ngamasentimitha angama-2-3. Ungavumeli ukujula kwentamo yezimpande. Indawo yokuxhunyelelwa kwezithombo ezihlanganisiwe kufanele futhi ibekwe ngaphezu komhlaba. Kuyinto elula ukulawula ukujula kokufika usebenzisa ujantshi.
   

   Kulula ukulawula ukujula kokwehla usebenzisa isitimela noma induku
5. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa imigodi, babopha lesi sitshalo esikhonkwaneni ngosizo lwezinto ezinwebekile ukuze bangacindezeli isiqu.
6. Kwakhiwa umbuthano oseduze bese uniselwa kakhulu ngamanzi ukuze inhlabathi inamathele kahle ezimpandeni futhi akukho manzi omoya endaweni yezimpande. Imvamisa, ngale njongo, umbuthano oncishisiwe ugcwaliswa amahlandla ama-2-3 ngamanzi ngemuva kokuthi ungenwe ngokuphelele.
   

   Ngokusho kobubanzi bomgodi wokufika, kwakhiwa indilinga eseduze bese ibunisela kakhulu

7. Isitshalo sinqunywa sibe ngamasentimitha angama-60-100, bese amagatsha (uma ekhona) efinyezwa ngama-30-40%.

Ungatshala kanjani izihlahla zama-apula ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe, kufaka phakathi amanetha

Ukutshala izithombo nge-ZKS kwehlukile kancane kokutshala izitshalo ezejwayelekile. Ake sibheke eminye imiqondo:

• Ngaphambi kokutshala, isithombo esine-ZKS kufanele sikhuliswe, ngoba siyimise izinsuku eziningana engadini ngaphandle kokukhishwa esitsheni. Ngasikhathi sinye, kumele ithungwe. Izitshalo zobusika emigwaqweni azidingi ukuqina, ngoba ziqinile. Kukuziphi izimo lapho izithombo zikhule, kufanele ubuze kumthengisi ngesikhathi sokuthenga.
• Umgodi emgodini wokungena ulungiselelwe ngokuya ngosayizi womhlaba, ubheka izinga elifunekayo lendawo yentamo yempande.
• Ukuze kube lula ukukhishwa kohlelo lwempande ngenqwaba yomhlaba kusuka esitsheni amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, kuniselwa kahle, kepha inhlama akufanele ibe manzi kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ukusika isitsha uma kunzima ukususa isithombo.
  

  Izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe zitshalwa ngenqwaba yomhlaba
• Ezimweni lapho uhlelo lwezimpande lungekho esitsheni, kepha lugcwele emabeleni noma emisebeni yensimbi, isithombo sitshalwe ngaphandle kokukhulula. Igridi emhlabathini izoziqola eminyakeni embalwa futhi ngeke ibangele izithiyo ekwakhiweni kohlelo lwezimpande.
• Uma ukutshala kwenziwa ehlobo, khona-ke ekuqaleni lesi sitshalo kufanele sibekelwe imifino bese siniselwa njalo ukuze sikhule kahle.

Ungatshala kanjani isihlahla sama-apula entwasahlobo nge-cutways

Ukuzisika kwesihlahla sama-apula kunzima impela ukukusiphula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo, ngokuvamile, azikwazi ukubangelwa, kanti ezinye zinezimpande ngempumelelo. Imithombo ayisho izinhlobo ezithile ezifanele le ndlela yokusakazeka, ngakho-ke, kukhona inkambu yokuhlolwa. Ochwepheshe bathi izihlahla zama-apula zezinhlobo ezincane ezinezithelo ezincane zisatshalaliswa kangcono ngokusikeka, kepha ngemiphumela emihle enezithelo eziningi azivamile. Okusebenzayo kakhulu kubhekwa njengendlela lapho ukugcotshwa kwezinto zokukhula kwama-hormone kusiki kushukunyiswa. Kunje:

1. Kungekadluli izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap (okungcono ekupheleni kukaDisemba), ihlumela elivuthiwe kahle, nelinonile lapho lineminyaka eyi-1-2 kukhethwe emthini we-apula.
2. Yiphule ngaphandle kokulimaza amagxolo. Kungaba namakhefu amaningana emhlolweni - ngenxa yalokho, ukusikwa okungu-15-20 cm ubude kufanele kutholakale
3. Ngemuva kwalokhu, indawo yekhefu isongwe ngethayi kagesi, udaka, njll.
4. Ukudubula okuphukile kugxiliwe kwifomu eligobekile futhi kushiywe kulesi sikhundla kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo siqondisa izinto zokukhula kwama-hormone endaweni elimele, sinomthelela ekwelapheni ukwaphuka.
   

   Ukuvuselela ukuqoqwa kwezinto zokukhula kwe-hormonal ku-cutways, kwenziwa amakhefu amaningana amahlumela, ahlanganiswe ngentambo kagesi futhi alungiswe kulesi sikhundla kuze kube sentwasahlobo
5. NgoMashi - Ephreli, leli bandage liyasuswa, izingcezu zisikwa ezindaweni zokuphuka bese zibekwa ekugcineni okungaphansi esitsheni esinemvula noma ancibilikisiwe amanzi athululelwe endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-6. Amathebhulethi amaningana ekhabhoni esebenzayo ayoncibilika emanzini.
6. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-25, ukuqina kwe-callus kufanele kubonakale futhi ukukhula kwezimpande kufanele kuqale.
   

   Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-25, ukuqina kwe-callus kufanele kubonakale futhi ukukhula kwezimpande kufanele kuqale.

7. Lapho ubude bezimpande bufika ku-5-6 cm, ukusika kuyatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
8. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukuze kube nokubangwa kwazo okungcono ngaphezulu kwezilawuli, igreenhouse ethuthukisiwe yenziwa ngefilimu, ibhodlela lepulasitiki elinentambo esikiwe noma imbiza yengilazi.
   

   Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukuze kube nengcambu engcono yokusika, i-greenhouse eyenziwe ngcono eyenziwe ngefilimu noma ingilazi ihlelwe ngenhla kwabo

9. Ngokuchelela okuvamile nokufudula ngezinsuku ezishisayo, ukusika kusheshe kumile futhi kukhule.

Ukutshala izihlahla zama-apula ngokusika okuluhlaza

Ukhula lwenhlanganisela yokusika okuluhlaza kwenzeka kahle ehlobo. Ngalezi zinhloso, sebenzisa amagatsha okukhula kwamanje. Inqubo ingcono ukuqala phakathi noJuni futhi kubukeka kanjena:

1. Ekuseni kakhulu, amahlumela amasha angama-20-30 cm ubude asikwa ngama-secateurs.
2. Izimbambo eziqukethe ama-3-4 efihlekile zisikwa zivela engxenyeni ephakathi yamagatsha. Kulokhu, ukusikwa okuphansi kwenziwa ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezinso, kanti olungaphezulu lungaphezulu kwezinso.
3. Amashidi angaphansi we-1-2 asikiwe, kuthi angaphezulu amabili asikwe phakathi ukuze anciphise indawo yokuhwamuka.
4. Ungatyala izithombo zombili ebhokisini nasengadini. Kunoma ikuphi, udinga:
   1. Lungisa inhlabathi evundile enempilo usebenzisa i-humus noma umquba.
   2. Thela ungqimba lwesihlabathi 5 cm obukhulu phezu kwenhlabathi bese uluthambisa kahle.
   3. Ukuhlomisa i-hotbed of arches nefilimu esobala ngenhla kombhede noma ibhokisi ukudala umswakama owengeziwe.
   4. Shanela abamba ukushisa.
5. Izimbambo zinamathele esihlabathini esimanzi se-1-2 cm, zijulise izinso ezi-1-2.
   

   Ngaphambi kokufaka izimpande, ukusika okuluhlaza kufanele kugcinwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa.

6. Kulokhu, inqubo yokutshala ukusika okuluhlaza isiphelile. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuvula njalo lo msethi obamba ukushisa kabili ngesonto bese ufafaza ukusikeka ngamanzi. Ngemuva kokuthatha izimpande, lo greenhouse uyakhishwa.

Ividiyo: ukubekelwa phansi ukusikwa okuluhlaza

Ungayitshala kanjani imbewu ye-apula

Ukutshala umuthi we-apula kusuka enzalweni inqubo ende futhi kube nemiphumela engalindeleki. Ingagcina i-apple emnandi futhi enhle, kanye nomdlalo ojwayelekile omuncu wasendle. Imvamisa, le ndlela isetshenziswa abafuyi bezitshalo ukuzalanisa izinhlobo ezintsha, kanye nemitholampilo ukuthola amasheya. Kulabo balimi abasafuna ukuzama ukukhulisa isihlahla sama-apula kusuka kunembewu, nangu amaphuzu asemqoka ale nqubo.

1. Okokuqala udinga ukuthola imbewu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha ama-apula avuthiwe kusuka ezingxenyeni zomqhele.
2. Susa ngokucophelela imbewu bese uyihlunga. Kukhethwe amasampula ahlangabezana nale mibandela elandelayo:
   • Inhloso.
   • Kuvuthiwe ngokuphelele.
   • Ukuba nombala onsundu onsundu.
     

     Kokuhlwanyelwa, kukhethwa imbewu evuthwe ngokuphelele ku-apula oluvuthiwe

3. Hlambulula imbewu ekhethiwe emanzini afudumele, uyixube ngamandla nesipuni sokhuni imizuzu eminingana. Phinda inqubo kathathu esikhundleni samanzi. Inhloso yalesi senzo ukususa ungqimba lwe-inhibitory oluvimbela ukuhluma.
4. Cwilisa imbewu izinsuku ezingama-3-4, uguqula amanzi nsuku zonke.
5. Hlikihla imbewu ukuze uyenze lukhuni.

Ukwabiwa kwembewu yama-apula ekhaya

Ukuze kuhlukaniswe, imbewu ibekwa emgodini oswakanyiswe kahle olungiselelwe kusuka ku-peat nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1: 3. Ngasikhathi sinye, imbewu akufanele ihlangane. Ngale ndlela, kufanele babe ekushiseni kwegumbi isonto lonke. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-substrate enezinhlamvu ibekwa esiqandisini izinyanga ezimbili. Amazinga okushisa amahle kakhulu la ngu +4 ° C.

Ukuze kuhlukaniswe, izimbewu kanye ne-substrate zibekwa esiqandisini izinyanga eziyi-2-3

Ukuhlwanyela Imbewu ye-Apple

Njengomthetho, imbewu itshalwa emabhokisini afanelekile enezinwele ezigcotshwe phansi, lapho kubekwa khona ungqimba oluncane lwamanzi. Ibhokisi ligcwele i-chernozem, khona-ke ama-grooves angama-2 cm ajulile enziwe phezu kwawo ngesikhala esingamasentimitha ayi-15 ukuya ku-20. Isikhathi sokutshala singama-2-3 cm. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi iswakanyiswe kahle.

Ividiyo: ukhula kanjani i-apula etsheni

Indlela ye-Monastic yokutshala izihlahla zama-apula

Namuhla, abaningi bezwe ngezingadi zasendulo zezindela, lapho izihlahla zama-apula zikhula futhi zithele izithelo iminyaka eyikhulu noma ngaphezulu, zilethe isivuno esikhulu. Uyini imfihlo yokuphila isikhathi eside kangako? Ake sizame ukuthola. Kuyavela ukuthi ngale ndlela, izihlahla zama-apula (kanye nezinye izitshalo) zikhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni ezitshalwe ngokushesha endaweni engapheliyo futhi emva kwalokho isitshalo asiphindi sithathe indawo. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpande zayo azilimalanga neze, ngokungafani nendlela ejwayelekile, uhlelo lwezimpande luphenduka lube njengenduku, hhayi i-fibrous. Izimpande ezinjalo ziya ekujuleni okukhulu futhi ngobudala zingafinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha ayishumi. Ubuhle bale ndlela ngukuthi lesi sitshalo sithola umswakama ovela ezingxenyeni ezijulile zenhlabathi futhi singakwenza ngaphandle kokunisela, noma ngezikhathi ezomile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula kwezimpande ekujuleni okukhulu akuvimbi ngisho nasebusika futhi izimpande ezibanzi zezimpande zakhiwa ngaphansi komhlaba. Isisindo sezimpande zeVolumetric iba yinqolobane yemikhiqizo enkulu ye-photosynthesis, okuyindlela yokukhiqiza ephezulu.

Kokuhlwanyelwa, kusetshenziswa imbewu yama-Hardy endawo, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izinhlobo zazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokugoma ikhethwa ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1-1,2 ngenkathi izinhlobonhlobo zasendle zisebenza njenge-ejensi yokwakha ubunzima. Isici esibalulekile futhi ukukhethwa kokufika kwendawo. Engadini, izindela zazihlala zikhetha engxenyeni engenhla yezithambeka eziseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga kanye naseningizimu-mpumalanga, ezivikelwe ukusuka enyakatho ngamahlathi aminyene. Izihlahla zihlala zitshalelwe ezindaweni eziphakeme zokwenziwa, zivimbele ukuzanyazanyiswa kwamanzi.

Futhi okuncane mayelana nobuntu bokunakekelwa - iphuzu elibalulekile iqiniso lokuthi ama-aisles awakaze alime ezingadini zezindela. Utshani obugqitshiwe kanye namaqabunga awileyo bahlala bahlala endaweni, okwenza izingqimba zenhlabathi evundile enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-humus.

Ukutshala izihlahla ze-Apple ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene

Njengoba sesifunde imithombo eminingi, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi izindlela nemithetho yokutshala izihlahla zamaapula ayixhomeki ngqo endaweni okulinywayo. Umehluko wezifunda ezihlukene uqukethe izinhlobo ezisetshenziswayo kuphela, kanye nezinsuku zokutshala, ngokuya ngezimo ezithile zesimo sezulu. Umehluko ezindleleni zokutshala kuya ngesakhiwo nokwakheka kwenhlabathi, izinga lokuvela komhlaba, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla.

Ithebula: Izinsuku zokutshala ezibalelwa ezihlahleni zama-apula kanye nezinhlobo ezithile ezinconyelwe zezifunda ezihlukile

Ngokusebenzisa imininingwane etholakele ekusebenzeni, umlimi okhuthele ngokuqinisekile uzokwazi ukukhulisa umuthi we-apula onempilo futhi okhiqizayo, noma ngabe izimo zakhona zingalungile ngokuphelele. Futhi uma wayenenhlanhla futhi inhlabathi esakhiweni ivundile futhi ihlelwe kahle, amanzi asemhlabathini akude kakhulu futhi kukhona isivikelo esingokwemvelo emimoyeni yasenyakatho, khona-ke izihlahla zama-apula ezitshalwe zinaka zonke izidingo ezingenhla zizokhiqiza isivuno esiphakeme iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili.