Cishe kuyo yonke ingadi, ithini lamapheya liyakhula. Yize leli siko liyi-thermophilic, abalimi balitshala kulo lonke elaseRussia. Ukuze iparele likhule kahle futhi likhule ezimweni zesifunda saseMoscow, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo, izinto zokutshala nendawo yazo.
Ukutshala nini eliphakathi kwe ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba
Izithombo ezincane zamaparele esifundeni saseMoscow zingatshalwa zombili entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kuyilapho ezinye izingqinamba kufanele zibhekwe. Ukufakelwa entwasahlobo kwenziwa ngaphambi kokufika kwezinsuku ezishisayo, okuthi ngomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo ziwele ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Njengomthetho, bakhetha isikhathi lapho amafrimu esevele alala, kepha amaqabunga ezihlahleni awakaveli. Ekwindla, umlimi unesikhathi esithe xaxa sokutshala - kusukela ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izithombo zizoba nesikhathi sokuzinza futhi zilungiselele ngokuphepha isimo sezulu esibandayo esizayo.
Ukutshala eliphakathi kwe ntwasahlobo ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-pearl kusayithi lakho, udinga ukubheka futhi wenze izinyathelo eziningana ukuze i-seedling ingathathwa ngempumelelo futhi ikhule kahle esikhathini esizayo.
Ukukhetha kweBanga
Izici zesimo sezulu esifundeni saseMoscow ziningi kangangokuba ihlobo kule ndawo liyashisa, ubusika buyabanda, kuthi iqhwa lifike kuqala kakhulu. Ebusika, amathanga nokufudumala isikhathi eside kwenzeka. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi ukunakwa okuningi kudinga ukukhokhwa ekukhetheni kwezinhlobonhlobo: lesi yisithombo kumele sibekiwe hhayi kuphela ngokumelana nesithwathwa, kepha futhi nangobunzima busika obandayo. Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezithile zamapheya, athandwa kakhulu amadlelo.
ILada neChizhovskaya kuzoba ukukhetha okuhle komzila ophakathi nendawo. Zingabuye zinconywe kubalimi be-novice ngenxa yokuthola ukunakekelwa kalula. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zonyaka ngamunye zizoletha isivuno esihle sezithelo ezinamakha nezihlwabusayo.
Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezilungele iSifunda saseMoscow yiPear Chizhovskaya
Isonto lesonto lizovuna ukuphela kuka-Agasti. Izinhlobonhlobo zindawo yonke, zinikezwe ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukungazigcineli okuhle, zithela izithelo njalo. Izithelo zingadliwa hhayi zintsha kuphela, kepha futhi zilungiselela ukugcinwa.
I-pearl cosmic ivuthwa ngo-Agasti futhi inesivuno esikhulu, iyamelana nesibazi, iyancipha ekunakekelweni. Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi izinhlobo zasehlobo azifanelekile kwisitoreji eside. Ngakho-ke, kumele zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi esifushane esifanele - kusuka kumaviki amabili kuya ezinsukwini ezingama-40.
Egqoke i-Efimova - inhlobo ethandwa kakhulu yokuvuthwa kwekwindla. Izithelo zinokubukeka okukhangayo nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Kepha izinhlobonhlobo zinendlela eyodwa ebalulekile - ukuqina kwesithwathwa esiphansi. Kodwa-ke, uma umuthi uhlinzekwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele, khona-ke i-pearl esifundeni saseMoscow nayo izothokozisa ngezithelo ezimnandi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kusehlobo futhi sekwephuze izinhlobo zasekwindla, akulona eliphansi ebusika kuya kumapele ebusika angaphansi.
Izinhlobonhlobo zethanga iNyadnaya Efimova ine-frost ukumelana okuphansi, kepha ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izothokozela izithelo ezimnandi ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha
I-Otradnenskaya - izithelo zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba futhi zingagcinwa izinyanga ezintathu. Pear ilungele ikakhulukazi ukuwafaka.
Ngokuqondene nezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika, esifundeni esithathiwe asibanzi ngenxa yezici zesimo sezulu. Izithelo zalezi zinhlobo zimane zingenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokuvunwa futhi zimane zibandise.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ngokutshala i-pearl, kufanele ukhethe indawo enokhanyo kahle engeke ifihlwe lutho. Ama-5-6 m kumele akhishwe ezindlini. Ukutshala izithombo kufanele kwenziwe ezindaweni ezingasongelwanga ukudonswa kwamanzi. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele alale ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu ebusweni bomhlaba.
Isihlalo akufanele some kuphela, kepha futhi.
Ukuze iparele lizizwe lihle, inhlabathi kumele ihlangane nezinkomba ezinjengamanzi nomoya. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukugcinwa komswakama endaweni yezimpande futhi kuvume ukuthi isitshalo sikhule futhi sikhule ngokujwayelekile.
Ngokutshala i-pearl, udinga ukukhetha indawo ekhanyiswe kahle engeke ifihlwe yinoma yini
Emazweni atshalwe kahle, umgodi wokutshala isivuno okukhulunywa ngaso awulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Kuzokwanela ukuthola ukudana okuncane ngosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande lwesithombo nokutshala kahle. Uma inhlabathi esakhiweni ingekho kahle, kuzodingeka ukulungiselela kuqala. Kulokhu, umgodi wokutshala ugcwaliswa ngezinto ezidingekayo ezizonikeza umsoco ephondweni lweminyaka embalwa yokuqala.
Ukukhetha Izithombo
Lapho ukhetha izinto zokutshala, udinga ukuyihlolisisa, uyihlole, unikeze izintandokazi zezinhlobo ezinempilo kuphela. Uma eningizimu ungatshala izihlahla zonyaka, khona-ke ezindaweni ezingasenyakatho kunconywa ukutshala izithombo ezineminyaka emibili ubudala. Lapho uthenga, ahlola ngokucophelela ihlumela eliphakathi: kufanele kube bushelelezi, kuvumelana nezimo, ngaphandle komonakalo futhi abe nokuphakama okungaba ngu-80-85 cm.
Lapho uthenga isithombo sethanga, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela isiqu nesistimu yezimpande
Uma isithombo esinezithombo ngohlelo lwezimpande esivulekile sikhethiwe, khona-ke izimpande kufanele futhi zihlolwe. Kufanele zibe ziphilile, ziguquguquke, zingabi nezindawo ezomile nezomile, futhi zibe mhlophe lapho zisikiwe. Lapho uthenga izinto zokutshala esitsheni, okungukuthi ngohlelo oluvaliwe lwezimpande, ungasusa ngokucophelela ingxenye yomhlaba ukuze uhlole isimo sezimpande.
Ividiyo: ungayikhetha kanjani isithombo
Iphethini yokufakelwa
Uma izihlahla eziningana zitshalwe esizeni, kufanele unamathele kuphethini elithile lendawo yazo. Ibanga phakathi kwamapheya ngqo lincike ekutheni isitshalo siphekwe kuso. Uma isiphunzi esinde sisetshenziselwe ukuxhunyelelwa, khona-ke iphethini yokutshala kufanele ibe ngale ndlela elandelayo: 5 m phakathi kwezihlahla zilandelana no-6 m phakathi kwezintambo. Kwizihlahla ezisezimpondweni ezinobude obufushane, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-4 * 5 m, esikhungweni sezimpande esimfushane - 3 * 4 m.
Isitoko siyingxenye yesitshalo okuxhunyelelwe kuso ohlelweni lwempande noma isiqu.
Abanye abalimi endaweni yabo batshala izihlahla eduze ngokwanele ukuze kutshalwe izinhlobo eziningi. Kepha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, iparele likhula, okuthinta kabi ukukhula kwalo nokukhula kwalo, ngenxa yalokho okudingeka kwenziwe ukuze kususwe ukweqisa.
Ukulungiselela umgodi
Ngaphansi kokutshala i-pearl, udinga ukugaya umgodi, futhi kungcono ukwenza lokhu kusukela ekuweni. Ubukhulu bayo kufanele bube ngokulandelayo: 1 m ububanzi kanye no-60 cm ngokujulile. Isitini esaphukile kufanele sithululelwe phansi, esizosebenza njengongqimba lwamanzi. Isikhonkwane esingama-50 cm ukuphakama siqhutshwa maphakathi nomgodi ukulungisa isithombo. Umuthi oqinile notshalwe kahle ungatshalwa kuphela emhlabathini wokubumbeka ofanele. Ukugcwalisa umgodi ngaphansi kwethanga, kulungiswa izingxenye ezilandelayo:
- Amabhakede ama-2 we-humus;
- Amabhakede ama-2 Peat;
- I-400 g ye-potassium sulfate;
- I-200 g ye-superphosphate.
Umgodi wokufakwa kwethanga kufanele ube yi-1 m ububanzi nama-60 cm ngokujula
Uma umhlaba uminyene impela, kufanelekile ukungeza amanye amabhakede ama-2 esihlabathi esiqinile. Zonke izinto zixubene kahle.
Ukufika ngezinyathelo ngezinyathelo
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zibekwa amahora angama-5-6 emanzini. Kungcono ukwengeza izithasiselo zokwakhiwa kwezimpande, isibonelo, iKornevin. Izimpande zangemuva zisikwa amasentimitha ambalwa. Ukunikeza ukunamathela okungcono kwezimpande emhlabathini, zifakwe ngaphambi kokumbiwa ngobumba oluwuketshezi. Lapho yonke imisebenzi yokulungiselela isiqediwe, ungaqala ukufika. Kwenziwa ngendlela elandelayo:
- Phansi komgodi, benza igquma elincane lapho kubekwa khona isithombo, basakaze izimpande zabo, bese babafafaza ngensika yomhlaba.
Phansi komgodi wokungena, kwenziwa igquma lobumba, lapho kubekwa khona isithombo
- Phonsa phansi inhlabathi, uzama ukungalimazi izimpande.
- Gcwalisa ngokuphelele umgodi wokutshala, ubeke isithombo ngendlela yokuthi impande yayo yomsuka iphakeme ngo-4-6 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba.
Izithombo zamapharele zitshalwa ukuze intamo yezimpande ingama-4-6 cm ngaphezu komhlaba
- Isithombo siboshwe esikhonkwaneni ngentambo.
Ukwenza umuthi ukwazi ukumelana nomoya, uboshelwe esikhonkwaneni sokhuni
- Eduze kwezihlahla zenza umgodi wobumba wokugcina amanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, amabhakede amanzi angama-2-3 athelwa kancane kancane, inhlabathi ezungeze isithombo ibilisiwe.
Ngemuva kokutshala ngaphansi kwethanga, kuthululelwa amabhakede wamanzi ayi-2-3, okuvumela ukuthi kungenwe ngokuphelele
Intamo yempande yindawo enemibandela yokuguqulwa kohlelo lwezimpande engxenyeni ye-a emoyeni.
Umsuka wempande yesithombo yisimo esinemibandela sokushintshwa kohlelo lwezimpande engxenyeni esemoyeni
Isithombo kumele siniselwe kungakhathaleki ukuthi lina noma cha. Amanzi awadingeki kuphela ukufinyanisa inhlabathi, kepha futhi nokufakwa komhlaba ngokulinganayo nokususwa kwama-voids endaweni yezimpande.
Ividiyo: ukutshala izithombo zethanga
Ungatshala kanjani uphaya ekwindla ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba
Enye yezimpikiswano eziphambili esekela ukutshalwa kweklabishi ekwindla esifundeni saseMoscow ukukhethwa okubanzi kwezinto zokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho utshala ekwindla, ubusika besihlahla busika buzoba ngaphezulu kakhulu. Uma ngasizathu simbe ukutshala ngemuva kokuthenga akunakudalwa ngalesi sikhathi, ungamane ukuwufaka kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Isici esihlukile sokutshala ekwindla ukuthi izimpande azifinyezi ngaphansi kwawo, kodwa kuphela izingcezu ezonakele futhi ezifile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, yonke inqubo yokulungiselela umgodi wokubamba kanye nokufika ifana nenqubo entwasahlobo.
Amaphutha wokufaka
Naphezu kokulula kokutshala kulula, noma yikuphi ukwengamela kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukukhula noma ekufeni kwesithombo. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukubheka amaphutha ajwayelekile enziwa abalimi abasaqala:
- Musa ukulungiselela umgodi wokufika ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, njengoba intamo yezimpande yejule, ngoba umphumela lapho isitshalo singakhuli kahle.
- Ngokutshala, ungathathi izitshalo ezingaphezulu kweminyaka emibili. Lapho indala ikhula, yilapho idlulisa kobuhlungu endaweni entsha.
- Inani elikhulu lomanyolo wamaminerali kufanele ligwenywe ngesikhathi sokutshala, ngoba lokhu kuthinta kabi ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwezimpande.
- Akufanele utshale i-peile ngaphambi kokuhlelelwa, uma kungenjalo ingxenye engenhla izoqala ukukhula kahle futhi nomuthi uzomane uqalise lapho kuqala inkathi ebandayo.
Lapho ukutshala izithombo, kungenziwa amaphutha okufanele agwenywe: 1 - ukutshala okungalungile, izimpande azinampilo futhi zigobile; Ukufika okungalungile okungu-2, okuphezulu kakhulu, izimpande zingenalutho; I-3-ngokungalungile, intamo yezimpande ijule ngokuphelele; Ukulunga okungu-4
Tshala i-pearl ngaphansi kwegadli lengadi. Noma kunjalo, ngenqubo ephumelelayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake ezinye izici, futhi ubheke nobuchwepheshe bezolimo balesi sitshalo. Kulokhu kuphela lapho lesi yisithombo sizokhula kahle bese siqala ukukhula ngentshiseko nokukhula.
