I-Nick Pear ingenye yezinhlobo ezihehayo zabalimi. Izici zezinhlobonhlobo zenza ukuthi zikwazi ukukhulisa hhayi kuphela emgqeni ophakathi, kepha futhi nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho neRussia. Inqubo yokutshala nokunakekela ayifani kunoma ibuphi ubunzima futhi ishibhile kakhulu nakubaqalayo.
Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo zethanga likaNika luhlobo lobusika oluhlanganisiwe olwaluqunjelwe esikhungweni saseMichurin ngenxa yokuwela izinhlobo ezimbili - iTalgar Beauty neNdodakazi kaDawn. Isihlahla esidala sinokuphakama okuphakathi kuka-3-4 m, umqhele ongaxekile kanye oyindilinga. UNick uthole ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kunakho konke esifundeni esiseMiddle Black Earth. Izithelo zinokuma okusaqanda, isisindo esingu-120-200 g, isikhumba esibushelelezi ngokufaka umucu we-wax esivikela ukomiswa ngesikhathi sokugcinwa. Umbala wezithelo lapho ususwa esihlahleni ungphuzi-luhlaza onamabala abomvu. Ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, umbala uyashintsha ube ophuzi okukhanyayo onsundu obomvu onsundu wezithelo.
I-Cream pear uginindela, ukungaguquguquki okusobala okuhle, ukunambitheka kophudingi, okumnandi nokumuncu, ngaphandle kwe-astringency. Izinhlobonhlobo zinqwabelana kuze kufike ku-10.2% kashukela wezithelo, okuyisinkomba esiphezulu salolu siko. Izithelo zingasetshenziswa zombili ukulungiselela ukudla okusemathinini, nokusetshenziswa okusha. Isikhathi sokuvuna singoSepthemba. Ngokuqondene nezinye izinhlobo zobusika bethanga, ukuvuthwa kwabathengi kwenzeka ngoNovemba. Ngemuva kokulala phansi kancane, izithelo zithola iphunga le-muscat elimnandi lalokhu okuhlukahlukene nokunambitheka okucebile. Iparele likaNick ligcinwa izinyanga ezi-3-4. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokusetshenziswa kubhekwa njengokuqala ngoNovemba kuya kuJanuwari.
Izithelo zeparele kaNick ziluhlaza okotshani ezinamabala abomvu, kuthi lapho zigcinwa ziba ophuzi okhanyayo ngombala obomvu onsundu.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi
Ukuthola ukuthi ngabe le nhlobonhlobo ilungele ukutshala nokukhula endaweni yakho engadini, udinga ukuthi ubheke izinzuzo nezinzuzo zayo. I-Nick Pear inezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- izithelo eziphakeme nezizinzile;
- ukumelana okukhulu nesithwathwa;
- ngomonakalo omncane weqhwa emagatsheni, uvuselelwa ngokushesha;
- ukuthutha okuhle;
- ukumelana nezifo ezejwayelekile zesitshalo esinikezwe izithelo;
- izithelo ezinhle futhi ezimnandi.
Kepha kukhona izinhlobonhlobo nokubi:
- ukutshala ama-pollinators kuyadingeka ukuze kube nezithelo ezinhle;
- isivuno sokuqala singatholakala iminyaka engama-5-6 ngemuva kokutshala;
- isidingo sokuvama ukwakha umqhele.
Abathutha impova
Yize eliphakathi likaNick lizicanasela, kepha ukuze lithole isivuno esikhulu, abafaka impova kufanele bakhule eduze. Njengoba kunje, kunamapheya aqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye: ama-Duchess, Svetlyanka, Rogneda.
Ukuze ithanga likaNick likhiqize isivuno esikhulu, abatshali bezitshalo kufanele bahlwanyelwe eduze
Ukutshala Nika Pear
Ukuze iparele likhule kahle ngemuva kokutshala, kubalulekile ukukhetha impahla efanelekile yokutshala ulungiselele indawo yokukhulisa isivuno.
Ukukhetha Izithombo
Kaningi, abalimi babhekene nokuthengwa kwezinto zokutshala ezimakethe futhi akuvami kakhulu ezitolo. Inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba ukuthenga isithombo enkulisa, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu onaleli thuba. Ukwenza ukukhetha kwesitshalo kahle, okokuqala, ukunakwa kufanele kubhekwe ekubonakaleni kwayo: akumele kube nezimpawu zokoma noma ukubuna.
Isithombo ngasinye kufanele sibe nomaki onolwazi kumenzi, onhlobonhlobo nencazelo yezimpawu zaso. Uma izinto zokutshala zingamakiwe ngale ndlela, ke kungcono ukuthenga kwenye indawo, ngoba ikhwalithi yesithombo enjalo izoba nokungabaza.
Uhlelo oluhle lwe-midzi kufanele lube nohlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe: okungenani izimpande eziyisi-5 eziyinhloko nezingu-3 ezengeziwe ngobude obungamasentimitha angama-30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpande kufanele zihlanzeke futhi zikhanye ngaphandle kokulimala nezimpawu zokuwohloka. Ngokutshala, kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezineminyaka emibili, ezingahlulelwa ngomqhele ongafakwanga.
Ngokutshala ithini lamapheya, kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezineminyaka emibili, ngoba zingconywe kahle
Ukukhetha isiza nokulungiselela
Okokuqala udinga ukubheka ukuthi iparele lidinga indawo ekhanyiswe kahle. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunethuba lokunciphisa okuqukethwe ushukela wezithelo nezithelo eziphansi. Naphezu kobukhulu obujwayelekile bethanga likaNika, ukutshala phakathi kwezinye izihlahla kufanele kugwenywe. Udinga ukunquma ngendawo oyitshale kuyo ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuze kuthi emuva kwesikhathi ungadingi ukufakelwa leso sitshalo, ikakhulukazi ngoba iparele alikuthandi lokhu.
Iparele alikubekezeleli ukuqina kwamanzi, ngakho-ke alitshalwa ezindaweni eziphansi. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele abe okungenani ama-2-2,5 m.
Ngokwesilimo okukhulunywa ngaso, isihlabathi, isihlabathi esimpunga, inhlabathi e-loamy noma ye-chernozem zithathwa njengezifanele kakhulu. Ukulungiselela umgodi wokufika kungcono ukwenze kusukela ekwindla (ngo-Okthoba-Novemba). Ebusika, umhlaba uzozinza uvundiswe.
Kungcono ukuqala ukulungiselela umgodi wokufika wokutshala eliphakathi kwethanga kusukela ekwindla
Umgodi wembiwa ngebanga elingamasentimitha angama-60-80 nokujula okungamamitha ayi-1. Ehlelweni lokumba, ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlaba uphonswa ohlangothini - luzodingeka lapho utshala isihlahla, futhi inhlabathi kusuka ekujuleni ngeke idingeke. Izakhi ezilandelayo zithululelwa ngaphansi komgodi:
- Amabhakede ama-3 we-humus;
- Amabhakede ama-2 esihlabathi esihlanganayo;
- 1 tbsp. i-superphosphate;
- 3 tbsp. l potassium sulfate.
Ukuhlinzeka izithombo ngezakhi okokuqala, kufakwa umanyolo odingekayo emgodini wokutshala
Zonke izakhi zixubene kahle nokwengeza ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlaba. Ngemuva kwalokho umgodi ugcwaliswa ngamanzi, okuyi-2 tbsp kuwo. Kuqhekeka ebhakedeni elilodwa. ufulawa we-dolomite futhi othululelwe emgodini, emva kwalokho kuthululelwa amanye amabhakede ama-2 amanzi ahlanzekile. Ingqimba yenhlabathi evundile ithululelwa ngaphezulu bese kusele imbobo kulesi simo kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Uma inqubo enjalo ayenziwanga kusengaphambili, kufanele yenziwe okungenani amasonto angama-1-3 ngaphambi kokwehla.
Ukutshala isithombo
Iparele litshalwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba-ekuqaleni kukaNovemba noma ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli-ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kuze kube ukuqhakaza kuvulekile. Inqubo iqukethe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ingxenye yomhlaba isuswa emgodini wokufika bese isikhonkwane sokhuni siqhutshwa ngaphakathi, esizosebenzisa ukwesekwa kwesithombo esisesincane.
- Inhlabathi ithululelwa emgodini ukuze kwakhiwe igquma elincane.
- Isithombo sitshalwe ngokucophelela, sisakaza izimpande.
Kufakwa isikhonkwane emgodini wokutshala, futhi izimpande zesithombo ziqonde ngqo
- Uhlelo lwezimpande lugcwaliswa ukuze intamo yezimpande ingama-4-6 cm ngaphezu komhlaba, emva kwalokho inhlabathi inyathelwa kancane.
Isistimu yezimpande igcwaliswa kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi intamo yezimpande ingama-4-6 cm ngaphezu komhlaba
- Kwenziwa isimbotshana kusuka emhlabathini eceleni komgodi wokutshala ukuze kuthi lapho uthela amanzi ungahambi eceleni.
- Amabhakede amathathu amanzi athululelwa ngaphansi kwe-seedling.
Ngemuva kokutshala i-seedling ye-pearl, uthele amabhakede ama-2-3 amanzi
- Lapho amanzi edonswa, inhlabathi ihlanganiswa nge-sawdust noma i-peat nge-cm engu-5-10 cm.
Ngemuva kokuthola umswakama, isithombo esitshaliwe sifakwe kumanyolo nge-sawdust noma nge-peat
- Isithombo siboshwe esikhonkwaneni ngentambo. Ukuze ingakhuli isihlahla, amagxolo asongwe ngentambo.
Izithombo zeparele zinamathiselwe kwisikhonkwane ngentambo noma ngokuqina
Umsuka wempande yindawo lapho isiqu soguquko kuhlelo lwezimpande lwesithombo.
Umsuka wempande kwisithombo yisithombo lapho isiqu soguquko oluya ohlelweni lwezimpande
Ividiyo: kanjani ukutshala eliphakathi kwe
Uma, ngemuva kokutshala, isimo sezulu sishisa futhi somile, ukuthambisa kufanele kwenziwe njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10.
Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa kahle kwethanga likaNick kubandakanya imisebenzi eminingi yezolimo, njengokuphuza, ukugqoka phezulu, ukugawula.
Ukunisela
Kubhekelwa kakhulu ukunisela okokuqala ngemuva kokutshala isihlahla, ukuze uhlelo lwempande luvame ukuzimpande. Ukunisela okwalandela kufanele kube okungahambi kahle, cishe kanye ngenyanga. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukubheka izimo zezulu: uma kunesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, ukuthambisa kufanele kube njalo. Inqubo, yize ibonakala ilula, kufanele yenziwe kahle. Umuthi akufanele uniselwe ngamanzi abandayo futhi ngqo ngaphansi kwezimpande. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izimpande ziyahlanzwa futhi isitshalo kungenzeka sife. Ukugeleza kwamanzi kufanele kube ngamabhakede angama-2-3 ngebhilidi le-1 yemitha yesiyingi.
I-pear kufanele ithulwe ngamanzi afudumele emseleni olungiselelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi
Ngokunisela sebenzisa amanzi afudumele, afudumele usuku lonke emiphongolweni noma emabhakede. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezungeze isihlahla udinga ukumba umgodi ongashisi futhi kancane kancane udle amanzi kuwo. Lapho usuqedile inqubo nokufakwa emanzini, umhlaba ozungeze lesi sihlahla uyakhululwa, oqeda ukwakheka kokuqhekeka kwenhlabathi. Le ndlela ithuthukisa ukushintshaniswa komoya, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuhamba kwe-oxygen ohlelweni lwezimpande.
Ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa komswakama enhlabathini, kunconywa ukufaka izithombo zezihlahla ngemuva kwesihlahla.
Ividiyo: ungayinisela kanjani iparele kahle
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Njengoba uhlelo lwempande lujulile, umanyolo usetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni eziningi. Ngokokuqala ngqa, izakhi zomzimba zingeniswa emgodini wokufika. Ngemuva kwalokho uNick uvundiswa ekwindla, lapho esebenzisa khona izakhi zomhlaba noma zezimbiwa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekwindla, i-nitrogen ayidingeki kulo muthi, ngoba inegalelo ekukhuleni kwesisindo semifino. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, izinto eziphilayo ezintsha kufanele zingafakwanga. Kulokhu, basebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali (i-phosphorus ne-potash), kepha emhlabathini ongenampilo omningi, izinto eziphilayo azikwazi ukusatshalaliswa. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokwenza amaminerali, inhlabathi ivundiswa nge-peat ne-humus ngokulingana okulinganayo, kufafaza umbuthano osondelene ne-kutu nge-15 cm cm.
I-Peat kanye ne-humus ngokulingana ngokulinganayo zisetshenziswa njengamanyolo we-organic enhlabathini engekho mpofu.
Ekwindla, umquba ungenziwa ngaphansi kokumba noma ngesimo sesisombululo sezakhamzimba. Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngefomu le-ketshezi kwethulwa emhlabathini ngemisele ngembobo engama-20-30 cm (ukujula kuya ngeminyaka yesihlahla). Ngaphansi kokumba:
- 30 g we-superphosphate ye-granular;
- 15 g we-potassium chloride;
- I-150 ml yokhuni lomlotha.
Izibalo zisuselwa ku-1 m². Izakhi ezifanayo zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa ikhambi lezakhi, ngaphandle komlotha. Umanyolo wamaminerali ufakelwa kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi bese ufakwa emiseleni engajulile kwisangilizi esiseduze nokusina ngokunisela kokuthambisa (amabhakede ama-2 nge-1 m²). Entwasahlobo, i-pearl idinga i-nitrogen ukwakha umqhele opholile. Kulokhu, ukugqoka phezulu kungenziwa ngenye yezingoma ezilandelayo:
- Ama-200 g we-urea ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi ngethanga lamabili abantu abadala;
- I-30 g ye-ammonium nitrate nge-10 l yamanzi - amapharele ama-2;
- I-500 g yokudonsa inyoni nge-10 wamalitha amanzi - faka usuku namanzi amanzi ayi-5 amalitha esihlahla esisodwa.
Entwasahlobo, i-pearl idinga i-nitrogen, ongayisebenzisa urea
Esikhathini sasehlobo, ekwakhiweni kwezithelo, isiko lidinga i-potassium ne-phosphorus eningi, kanye nezinto zokulandela umkhondo. Lapho usuthisa, ungalandela lokhu okulandelayo:
- izinto eziqukethe i-phosphorus - ukuya kuma-300 g ngebhakede lamanzi;
- usawoti we-potassium - kuze kufike ku-100 g ngebhakede lamanzi;
- ama-boron compounds - aze afike ku-20 g ngebhakede lamanzi;
- amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi - aze afike ku-5 g nge-10 l lamanzi;
- kusho nge-magnesium - akukho ngaphezu kwama-200 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi;
- zinc sulfate - kuze kufike ku-10 g ngebhakede lamanzi.
Izihlahla nokunakekelwa
Ukulungisa isivuno, ubungako bezithelo, kanye nokuvikela ukukhula kwezifo, iparele kufanele lisikwe. Isikhathi sokuqala le nqubo yenziwa ngesikhathi sokutshala: amagatsha okusika ayancishiswa ngo-1/3 wobude. Lokhu kuzoba nomthelela ekubekweni komqhele ngokushesha. I-Nick pear iyanconywa ukuba isikwe minyaka yonke ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba ukuqhakaza kuqhume. Uma ihlumela lisuswe ngokuphelele, i-hemp akufanele ishiywe. Lawo magatsha, lawo ngezithelo zehlela emhlabathini futhi alala kuwo, nawo angaphansi kokususwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi udinga ukuncipha minyaka yonke - ungavumeli ukuqina komqhele. Shiya kuphela amahlumela aqinile futhi aqondile, futhi ususe ezibuthakathaka nezigobile. Unquma akumele ungabi ngaphezu kwe-1/4 yesisindo samagatsha.
Ngesikhathi sokuthena, amagatsha asikwa ukuze kungabikho ziqu
Uma iparele likaNick linganqunywanga, khona-ke umqhele uvulwa ngokushesha, bese izithelo zincane.
Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala isithombo sezinhlobonhlobo ezibhekwayo, kunconywa ukukhetha iningi lezimbali. Le ndlela ithuthukisa izinga lokusinda kwesihlahla. Eminyakeni elandelayo, kuyadingeka ukususa ingxenye yezithelo ezisunguliwe kuphela, ezifinyelela kububanzi bamasentimitha ambalwa. Umgomo ophishekelwe wenqubo enjalo ngukudla kwezitshalo. Ngenxa yalokho, izithelo ezihlala esihlahleni ziyoba nesisindo esithe xaxa, futhi nomuthi uqobo ulungele ukubanda.
I-Nika pear idinga ukuthenwa kwaminyaka yonke, okukuvumela ukuthi uguqule isivuno, usayizi wezithelo, uvimbela ukukhula kwezifo
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlobonhlobo zeNika zingamelana nezeqhwa, kunconyelwa ukufaka umugqa wesiyingi sehhashi nge-humus yamahhashi ukuvikela ama-plantings asemancane ebusika obusezingeni eliphansi kanye namaqhwa aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-shtamb kufanele igoqwe ngezinto ezingasokiwe, isibonelo, i-Agroteks. Ngale ndlela, ngokuzayo kungenzeka ukuvikela izihlahla ngokufaka esikhundleni se-whitewash.
Ividiyo: unqunqa kanjani uphondo
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ngokwerejista yombuso, uNika pearl akamelani ne-scab ne-septoria. Naphezu kokungavikeleki okuphezulu, kunconywa ukuthatha izindlela zokuvimbela ezingakuvimbeli ngokuphelele ukubonakala kwezinkinga. Lezi zenzo zifaka:
- ukugqokwa kwesihlahla okufika ngesikhathi, okuvumela ukuthi ibhekane kalula nezifo ezingaba khona;
- ukuhambisana nezindlela zokunisela, ngoba inhlabathi enomswakama iyindawo enhle yokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane amancane;
- ukugawulwa okufika ngesikhathi kwamagatsha, ukuhlanza amahlamvu nezithelo eziwile, kanye nokumba umbuthano wesiqu kusiza ekuqothulweni kwezinambuzane eziningi ezisebusika ngamaqabunga, inhlabathi kanye nasemagatsheni alimele;
- Ukucekelwa phansi kwesiqu sesiqu kanye namagatsha wamathambo ngodaka lukawoyela ukuze kuvikeleke ezinambuzaneni nasezihlathini;
- ukuhlola njalo kwesihlahla ukuthola izilokazane nezifo, futhi uma kutholakala, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezifanele.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
UNick watshala isithombo seminyaka emibili. Ebusika bokuqala, isihlahla sikhuphuka kancane, intwasahlobo elandelayo ayizange iqhume. Kepha ngemuva konyaka, yalulama ngokuphelele, iparele liqhakaza laze lanikeza isivuno esincane. Okusho ukuthi, waqala ukuthela izithelo kakade ngonyaka wesine wokuphila. Izithelo zihlabelelwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ezingavamisile ukubuna. Amapharele amnandi, enamapulangwe amnandi amile kahle emzimbeni futhi athinta i-nutmeg. Kuyavela ukuthi ngiyazigcina izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 kuphela, ngoba anginaso isitoreji esikhethekile. Yize ukumelana nemikhaba kumenyezelwe encazelweni yezinhlobonhlobo, ngonyaka ophelile ngabona amabala amancane kwezinye zezithelo zikaNicky. Ngokusobala, ukumelana nalesi sifo ngezinhlobonhlobo kuhamba kancane kulahleka, ngakho-ke ukuvimbela kufanele kwenziwe.
Igor Viktorovich
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Sine eliphakathi kweNick ekhula ekhishini ehlobo. Waqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesine. Njalo ekwindla sisika amagatsha acashile bese ipareji likhula ngobubanzi ngasentwasahlobo, kanti ekwindla kunikeza isivuno esithe xaxa. Gcoba ngengxube efaka: umlotha, ichernozem, imbuzi, ihhashi nomquba wenkomo. Isiko alithobeki, kepha lithanda uhlangothi olunelanga. Sihlala eKrasnodar Territory, ngakho-ke i-pearl iyabekezelela kahle amafrimu esikhathi esifushane. Unyaka wesithupha uyakhula.
U-Anthony
//selo.guru/sadovodstvo/grushi/sorta-g/zimnie-g/nika.html#bolezni-i-vrediteli
INika Pear iyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokutshala kuzo zombili iziza engadini yangasese nasemapulazini. Njengoba umuthi ubonakala ngobukhulu bawo obuncane, kufanelekile ukusebenzisana nawo womabili ngesikhathi sokuvuna nokunakekela. Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningana zikaNicky, abalimi ngokuyinhloko bayambonga ngokungazethembi kanye nekhwalithi enhle yezithelo ezinokugcinwa isikhathi eside.
