Unyaka ngamunye, abalimi nabalimi bakhononda ikhukhamba izinambuzane, okuyinto zombili ukunciphisa ukuphepha kwesitshalo, futhi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, i-parasite iyakwazi ukulimaza okwanele ngaphambi kokuba iqaphele futhi izoqala ukubola. Kubalulekile ukusabela ngesikhathi esifanele ezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, izimbungulu kanye nezimpungushe, ezingenakunqotshwa ukuthi zingalimaza isitshalo noma zithelele isitshalo ngezifo. Kuyoba ngezinambuzane zamakhukhamba, okuvame ukuphazamisa abalimi nabalimi.
I-Gall nematodes
Ziyizibungu ezincane eziyingxenye yama-roundworms. I-parasite inebude obufinyelela ku-2 mm futhi ifakwe ngombala omhlophe noma weparele. I-nematode yempande ithinta isitshalo ngenkathi efudumele nomswakama olinganiselayo (+ 25-30 ° C nomswakama ka-60-65%). Ukutheleleka kwenzeka enhlabathini lapho izibungu zihlala khona. Futhi, izimpethu zingenziwa kanye nesitshalo esithengiwe, izimbali noma umquba ophilayo.
Izimpawu zokulimala kwekhukhamba:
- ukukhula kwehlisa;
- amahlumela namaqabunga ama-curl;
- Kuncane kakhulu izimpande ezincane ezakhiwe;
- ukuvuvukala ezimpandeni;
Indlela enembile kakhulu yokuhlola i-nematodes yindlela yokuphila. Imbewu yekhukhamba ihlwanyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-18 emva kokuhluma, izitshalo zimba bese zihlola izimpande, lapho izindawo ezithintekayo nezimpethu zizobonakala khona.
Lezi zinambuzane ziphazamisa umuthi wesimiso esitshalweni. Isihlahla sama-cucumber asinamanzi, silahlekelwa izakhi futhi sikhiqize isivuno esibi. Isifo asikwazi ukubulala isitshalo, kodwa sinciphisa kakhulu ukukhiqiza kwayo.
Ukwelapha ukhukhamba ezigulayo zidinga amakhemikhali. Ukufaka izibungu ezincane zisebenzisa izidakamizwa "i-Mercapthos", "Phosphamide" noma i- "Ruscamine". Ukucubungula kufanele kwenziwe 3-4 izikhathi.
Ukwelashwa okushisayo kwezimpande kuyasebenza. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitshalo sigciniwe, futhi izimpande zawo zinyene emanzini ngokushisa kwama-50-55 ° C imizuzu engu-10-15. Njengoba i-nematode ifa ekushiseni kuka-40 ° C, lokhu ukwelashwa kuphumelela kakhulu kokubili kokubili abadala nezimpungushe.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela:
- Ukucubungula kwezitshalo ezithengwe nge-0.5% isisombululo se "Parathion". Into ehlanjululwe emanzini, bese izimpande zekhukhamba zibhapathizwa emanzini ngamaminithi angu-15.
- Ukwelashwa okufudumele kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngakapheli amahora amabili inhlabathi ivuselela ekushiseni kwe-100˚С.
- I-ultraviolet irradiation. I-nematode ibulawa yimisebe ye-ultraviolet, engakwazi ukugcoba izimpande zesitshalo ngaphandle kokulimaza.
- Ukulawula ukhula.
- Ukufakwa emhlabathini wezinyosi zezinkomo.
I-Aphid emnandi
Kuyinto inambuzane esondayo kusukela Homoptera oda. Inambuzane ingaba nombala ohlukile: kusuka ophuzi kuya eluhlaza obumnyama. Ubukhulu bezinambuzane abudluli 2 mm. Izimpungushe ze-aphid ama-hibernate ngokhula noma amaqabunga. Ngezinye izikhathi bangaphumelela ebusika e-anthill. Ukwelashwa kwamakhukhamba kwenzeka ngoJulayi no-Agasti. Ngokuvamile, izintuthwane ezisebenzisa izinambuzane ngendlela "yezilwane ezifuywayo" zithwala i-aphid emanzini ekhukhamba.
Ingozi yokutheleleka nge-aphid akusiyo kuphela ukuthi ithola isisindo esitshalweni, ikhulula ubuthi emisebenzini ebalulekile, ngaleyo ndlela ibonakalise amaqabunga namahlumela. Futhi futhi ngaphandle kwe-aphid, izintuthwane zihlala emakhukheni akho, futhi zidla ngesitshalo sesitshalo. Ngaphezu kokulimala ngqo, i-aphid ingaba yithwala yezinambuzane nezifo.
Izimpawu zokuphazamisa i-melon aphid kumakhukhamba:
- amaqabunga ephunga;
- ukuwa kwezimbali nama-ovari;
- ukoma amaqabunga;
- ukukhushulwa kwamakhukhamba.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokulwa nama-aphid. Abalimi abaningi bajwayele ukubala ama-aphid njengoba kungabi yingozi, futhi ngokumane bangayinaki le nkathazo noma basebenzise amakhambi omuntu kanye nokuhlanza okulula kwemishini yesitshalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isimo sengqondo sokungabonakali ku-aphid singasikhukhula sonke isakhiwo futhi siholele ekulahlekelweni kokuvuna.
Izindlela zendabuko zinikeza lezi zokupheka ezilandelayo zokwelapha:
- Ukufafaza ukumnika kwamaphilisi obomvu obomvu. Ukulungisa ukumnika ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi, 30 g we-pepper esanda kutholakala kanye no-200 g wefulawa ugwayi athathwa. Ngemuva kokuxuba, ake ume ngamahora angu-24, ubunzima, engeza u-1 tbsp kwisixazululo. l insipho yamanzi kanye namagremu angu-150 omlotha. Sula ingxenye engenhla yesitshalo ngenani lokugeleza lika-1-1.5 amalitha ngomitha wesikwele ngasinye. m
- Isixazululo esilandelayo, sithatha umlotha wama-200 g kanye no-50 g sensipho ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Sifakazela, sihlunga futhi sisebenzela ukhukhamba ebhodleleni le-spray.
- Ukwehlisa i-garlic. Emalitha angu-1 amanzi sithatha ama-200 g we-clove echotshoziwe futhi sigcizelela izinsuku ezingu-4. Khona-ke ukumnika kuhlanjululwa emanzini ngesilinganiso sika-25-30 g ngalinye ngo-10 l futhi sipholwa ngamatshe.
- Umhluzi ovela e-celandine. Sithatha ama-400 g amaqabunga aluhlaza esitshalweni ku-1 l amanzi, sifaka amahora angu-24, bese ubilisa imizuzu engama-30. Isixazululo esiphelele asidingi ukuhlanjululwa.
Ngezinye izikhathi awufuni ukuphendukela ezindleleni zomuntu ngenxa yokuchitha isikhathi sokulungiselela ama-decoctions noma usizo oludabukisayo. Kulokhu, ungasebenzisa amakhemikhali, okungukuthi: Malathion, Commander, Spark. Ukwehla kancane kwezidakamizwa zabantu kufaka phakathi i- "Aktophyt" ne "Fitoverm".
Ngaphandle kwezinambuzane nezindlela ezidumile, ungasebenzisa izinyathelo zokulawula i-agrotechnology. Okokuqala, udinga isikhathi sokubhubhisa ukhula futhi ususe izinsalela ezibolile zezitshalo. Into enhle ukutshala izitshalo ezisabisa ama-aphid. (i-garlic, u-anyanisi, i-fennel, i-mint, lwesinaphi, i-lavender). Kufanelekile kakhulu ukutshala izitshalo ukuthi iphunga lawo liheha ama-aphid (ubhontshisi, petunia, viburnum, linden).
Izinambuzane eziningi zidla ama-aphid. Njengoba wazi, ama-ladybugs angadla ama-aphid ema koloni. Kodwa-ke, uma ubaleka ekusizeni "okuphilayo" ukulawula izinambuzane, ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane akuvumelekile.
I-fly fly
I-butterfly encane, enesilinganiso sobude obu-3 mm nombala omhlophe. Zombili izinambuzane ngokwazo kanye nezibungu zalo zilimaza isitshalo. Ivemvane ivela ehlobo lapho kushisa kakhulu futhi kunemvula eminingi. Inhlanganisela yokushisa nomswakama ophezulu yizimo ezihamba phambili zezinambuzane. I-Whiteflies i-overwinter ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nokugcina izithombo zokugcina, lapho kukhona umoya ophuthumayo kakhulu nomoya ophezulu omswakama.
I-whitefly iyingozi ngoba kokubili izibungu kanye nabantu abadala bayodla ngamakhukhamba ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lezi zinambuzane nezibungu zalo ziphuza isitshalo sesitshalo, ziphazamise ukunikezwa kwezakhi futhi zinciphise ukukhula kwamakhukhamba. Indwangu ye-butterfly igxuma amaqabunga, ngemva kwalokho aphendulela abamnyama futhi abomile. Izinambuzane zekhukhamba zingaba iziphathamandla zezifo ezithathelwanayo nezifungi.
Kubalulekile! Amalungiselelo okubhujiswa kwabantu abadala nezimpungushe ahluke kakhulu, ngakho-ke qaphela lokhu uma uthenga amakhemikhali.
Ukuthola i-whitefly kulula. Lapho uhlola isihlahla, uzobona ngokucacile i-midge encane efana nekhophi encane yenundu.
Uma ikhukhamba ithinteka yi-whitefly, okulandelayo kwenzeka:
- isitshalo sishaywa phansi;
- amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi aphephe;
- i-patina ephazimulayo ebonakalayo yabonakala emaqabunga;
- izilinganiso ezincane zibonakala eceleni kweqabunga.
Ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane kwakha inani elikhulu lemithi. Ngaphandle kwezindlela zamakhemikhali, "imvukuzane" encane ingaqalwa futhi imilenze yabantu.
Ukuxosha i-butterfly ensimini, sebenzisa lezi zinhlayiya ezilandelayo futhi uzifake:
- Ukuxubha ama-3 tbsp. l anyanisi noma igalikhi bese engeza ingilazi yamanzi ashisayo. Sifaka amahora angu-12 ngokupholisa, ukuhlunga nokufafaza ukhukhamba ngesonto. Uma sicabangela inani le-1 tbsp. l anyanisi ngamalitha angu-100 amanzi, khona-ke uzokwazi ukulungisa isisombululo esengeziwe sokucubungula yonke indawo ngamakhukhamba.
- Isixazululo sosipho. Sithatha insipho bese siyichitha emanzini ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kuya ku-6. Isixazululo sixubene ukuze sithole iphunga, esetshenziswa ngesiponji esitshalweni. Le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezincane noma ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.
- Ukwehlisa i-garlic. Amagremu angama-60 wegaliki encibilikisiwe athathwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Isixazululo sithathwa amahora angu-24. Kubalulekile ukucubungula ukhukhamba kanye ngesonto kuze kutholakale inambuzane.
- Ukwehliswa kocuba. Sithenga ipaki yegwayi efana ne "Prima", sithatha ugwayi, sigaya futhi sigcwalise 1 l yamanzi abilisiwe. Kubalulekile ukuphoqelela izinsuku ezingu-5 endaweni emnyama, bese ugaxa ukhukhamba ukhukhamba njalo izinsuku ezingu-2-3.
Uma ufuna ukususa ngokushesha futhi ngokuphumelelayo inambuzane, khona-ke funa usizo kuma-insecticide. Imithi ethandwa kakhulu emakethe yasekhaya: Aktara, Konfidor, Akarin, Iskra, Fitoverm, Aktellik, Mospilan nabanye. Ungadluli umthamo wezidakamizwa: cabanga ukuthi udla kanjani lezi zithelo ekudleni.
Uma ugcina amakhukhamba kubamba lokushisa futhi ungathinta i-microclimate egumbini elivundiwe, bese uthinta inkathazo ngokunciphisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-10˚С futhi unciphise umswakama ube ngu-80%. Ukuncipha okunjalo ekushiseni okuyizinambuzane ngeke kumile futhi ushiye amahlathi akho kuphela.
Ikhetho lokungaphakathi li-stickies ephuzi. Insect ithanda umbala ophuzi futhi iqhume kuyo. Ngemva kokunamathela ebusweni bebhebhoni, i-whitefly ngeke ikwazi ukuphunyuka futhi izofa.
Isibungu se-spider
Izinambuzane ezaziwayo njengezitshalo nezithelo, nezitshalo nezitshalo zasendlini. Kuyinto encane, kuze kube yi-1 mm, isicabucabu se-spider, esondla isitshalo sesitshalo. I-mite ifika esitshalweni evela emhlabathini, ithathwa yomoya, amanzi, izingubo, ifakwe amathuluzi. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuvikela ukhukhamba ngokuphelele kusuka emkhakheni we-ticks ngisho nasezimo zokushisa.
I-Mite ithanda umoya omile nomoya ophansi we-humidity. Kodwa-ke, kukhona isicabucabu samanga esingamanga esithandayo umswakama ophezulu.
Ekuboneni kokuqala kungase kubonakale sengathi i-mite encane ayibangeli umonakalo omkhulu, noma kunjalo, uma kunezinhlayiya ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane esihlahleni esisodwa, lesi sitshalo sizoqala ukuphumula futhi somile.
Umuntu angakwazi ukubona umsebenzi wezinambuzane zesicabucabu ngamachashazi amancane emhlophe esitshalweni, kanye newebhu evulekile evula amaqabunga "nezibungu" eziqhekekile. Amathikithi afaka iwebhu ngeziqu nezithelo, ehlanganisa yonke isitshalo ngezintambo ezincane.
Uyazi? Izinambuzane zihlala ezindaweni zonke ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica!
Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-950 zezinambuzane zesicabucabu, futhi njalo ngonyaka izidakamizwa ezintsha neziphumelelayo zikhishwa ukuze zibhubhise ama-arachnoid parasite. Ukulwa nezibungu zesicabucabu kuhilela ukusebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha zabantu, amakhemikhali nama-biological.
Okokuqala, ake sihlole izindlela "zomkhulu" zokulwa nama-parasite:
- I-tincture ka-garlic. Faka ikhasi bese uthinta 2 amakhanda asezingeni eliphakathi, uthele ilitha lamanzi bese uqhubeka nezinsuku ezingu-5. Uma ingxube ibanjwe, yiphakamise ngo-1 kuya ku-1 ngamanzi uphinde ufefa isitshalo.
- Tincture kwi ikhasi le-anyanisi. Ngama-10 amalitha amanzi, sithatha ama-200 g we-husk bese sishiya cishe izinsuku ezingu-5. Lapho "imithi" ingeniswa, sihlunga futhi sihlanza ikhukhamba ehlahleni. Kulesi simo, akudingekile ukuhlaziya i-tincture ngamanzi.
Ezinye izidakamizwa zifanele ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane eziningana. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokucubungula lezi zinambuzane ungahlanza ama-cucumber ezihlahleni ezinambuzane eziningana.
Ngaphandle kwezindlela zamakhemikhali nezindlela zomuntu, kunenye indlela enhle kakhulu futhi ephephile yokubhujiswa komkhakethi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthola izitha zemvelo zesicabucabu - i-phytoseiulus ne-Amblyseius, engabangeli ukulimaza abantu noma izitshalo. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kanye nokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo zokulala, njengoba izibungu eziwusizo zingafaka ukutshala isikwele esincane.
Kubalulekile ukwenza i-prophylaxis ukuze ungachithi isikhathi ekukhatheni ikhukhamba. Hlanganisa lesi sitshalo ukwenza izimo zingafaneleki se-mite. Kulesi simo, ingxenye engezansi-ephuziswayo. Ungakhohlwa ukunakekela kahle izihlahla futhi uzinike njalo. Isitshalo esibuthakathaka yisinkwa esiphundu sezinambuzane nezifo.
Medvedki
Uma i-parasite ihlezi kusayithi, ngezinye izikhathi iyakwazi ukubhubhisa inamba enkulu yezitshalo, ngakho-ke ingenye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu zekhukhamba. I-Medvedka ingowomndeni wezinambuzane ezinkulu zokugwedla, inamanzi angaba ngu-8 cm nombala omnyama omnyama.
I-Medvedka ihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele. Inkathazo ingena engadini ngokusebenzisa umhlabathi. Ungaletha umhlabathi kwenye indawo, futhi kuzobe sekukhona amaqanda noma izimpungushe ezincane ze-parasite kuwo. Angakwazi ukuhamba ngezinyawo zakhe ezivela engadini engomakhelwane. Indawo enhle yebhere iyihlabathi elivundile elivundile elinomsoco ngokwanele.
Kubalulekile! I-Medvedka ihlala kuma-humus (isebenzisa njengesidleke senzalo yakhe), eqaliswa ngesimo somanyolo.
Qonda ukuthi i-Medvedka ibonakala kusayithi kanje:
- izithombo ezimpofu kakhulu;
- Izithombo ezitshalwe zomile futhi ziwe;
- emhlabathini yizingxenye ezibonakalayo zobuncane obukhulu.
Ungalahla i-medvedka kokubili ngezindlela zomuntu futhi ngosizo lwe-chemistry.
Izindlela zokupheka eziningana ezithandwayo ezivela kulesi sifo:
- Amanzi asozini. Ngama-10 amalitha amanzi achithe ucezu lwesigamu ½ nese-1 tbsp. l i-powder. Isixazululo sithelwa emgodini webheyi. I-parasite izofa noma ifakeke phezulu, lapho ungayiqeda khona.
- Izinkomishi zasePlastiki. Ukulinganisa kufakwa enkomishini epulasitiki ngesisekelo esinqunyiwe. I-Medvedka ayikwazi ukudla ipulasitiki, ngakho-ke, vele ujikeleze lesi sithiyo.
- Umgibe wamanzi. Siqoqa amanzi emgodini we-litter-litre bese siwufaka emhlabathini ukuze intamo isezansi. I-Medvedok idonsela ukungcolisa, futhi iwela emgibeni.
Kubalulekile! Ukufafaza umzimba wamakhukhamba nganoma yimaphi amakhambi omuntu ngeke ube nomthelela, ngoba izinambuzane ziphila futhi zidla emhlabathini.
Izindlela zomphakathi ngeke zisize ukubhubhisa i-medvedka endaweni enkulu, ngakho vula ekhemistry. Imithi ethandwa kakhulu yephrofayela: i-Medvetoks, i-Thunder, i-Basdin, i-Perstige ne-Aktara. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo.
Kukhona ukhetho lwezokwelapha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izidakamizwa "Nemabakt" no- "Bowerin", eziqukethe amabhaktheriya ezidliwayo nezifungi. Lawa mabhaktheriya abhubhisa amaqanda amabhudla nabantu abadala (i-fungus ikhula ngomzimba wesisulu). Isidakamizwa siphumelele kakhulu, ngoba iphakheji elilodwa liwanele izikwele ezingu-100.
Kunezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezivela eMedvedka, kodwa azifaneleki kubo bonke abalimi. Kuzodingeka sishiye ukwethulwa kwama-humus emhlabathini. I-garlic kanye ne-cilantro ibonisa inkathazo, ngakho-ke izitshalo zitshalwe emhlabeni wonke. Kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe umquba, okuzokwenza ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi futhi kugweme ukuqhubekela phambili kwezilwanyana emhlabathini.
Izintuthwane
Abalimi abaningi nabalimi bayamangala ukuthi izintuthwane ziyizinambuzane zezitshalo. Njengoba lezi zinambuzane zihlala kunoma iyiphi indawo, kubalulekile ukuthola indlela yokuqeda izintuthwane ngamakhukhamba, futhi yikuphi ukulimala okubangela isitshalo. Izintuthwane zivela emndenini wezinambuzane, futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-14, ezingaba ngu-300 ezihlala ensimini yeCIS.
Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngezindlela zokususa izintuthwane ezivela ensimini, udinga ukucabangela ukuwusizo nokulimala kwazo.
Izinzuzo zezintuthwane:
- ukukhulula inhlabathi;
- bedla izinambuzane ezidliwayo;
- ukucebisa inhlabathi ngama-microelements nama-humus.
Manje uhlangothi olubi lokuphila kwezintuthwane:
- izithelo zokudla kanye nezithelo ezikhulayo;
- ukulimala izithombo;
- ukudluliselwa kwama-aphid kuya kwekhukhamba elihlaza.
Izintuthwane zithanda "ukudla" i-aphid, nokudla ama-juice ayo. Ama-aphid athatha ibanga elide futhi ahlasele kwezinye izitshalo.
Uma unquma ukuxosha lezi zinambuzane kusayithi, ke, ukuze uqale, sebenzisa izindlela ezithandwayo:
- Hlanganisa i-boric acid noshukela. Kubalulekile ukuthi izintuthwane kuphela zikwazi ukuthola ubuthi, hhayi izingane noma izilwane ezifuywayo.
- Ungadlulisa izintuthwane ngaphandle kokushisa, ukubhubhisa ama-aphid. Izindlela zokubhekana nama-aphid zichaziwe ngenhla. Uma izintuthwane zilahlekelwa umthombo wazo wamandla, zizoshiya isayithi.
- Plantard lwesinaphi, i-garlic, i-mint noma umdala eduze kwamakhukhamba. Iphunga lalezi zitshalo liphilisa izintuthwane.
Ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezibangelwa ukukhubazeka, okungukuthi: Thunder 2, Muracid, Anteater, Muravyin.
Kubalulekile! Lezi zidakamizwa ziyingozi emfuyweni nakubantu, ngakho-ke sebenzisa ngokuqapha.
Izintuthwane zingashiya uma isidleke sazo sibhujiswa. Indlela ye mechanical isebenza kahle endaweni encane. Yenza indawo yokumbela imfuyo ejulile. Uma kungenakusiza, uthele amanzi abilayo (10 l) esihlahleni ngokufaka uviniga (2 izindebe), amafutha omifino kanye nomswakama. Ngemuva kwezintuthwane ezinjalo akunakwenzeka ukuba usinde, futhi ushiye isayithi lakho.
Uyazi? Izimpungushe zezintuthwane ziyadliwa kalula e-Afrika nase-Asia - lesi sidlo sinamaprotheni namafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpungushe zezintuthwane - ukudla okulungele izinkukhu izinyoni zokuhlobisa.
Ikhukhamba umiyane
Ikhukhamba izinambuzane ezishaya isitshalo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kanye zokugcina izithombo ikhukhamba umiyane, noma sciarid. Akuthinteli izitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile, ngoba izwe lakubo lezinambuzane liyi-subtropic, ngokushisa okufanelekile nomswakama. Umswakama unebude obufinyelela ku-5 mm nombala omnyama omnyama.
Esikhathini sokushisa, i-parasite ingafakwa nomhlabathi lapho i-overwinters ifana ne-pupa.
Umonakalo ukhona ukuthi izimpungushe ezitshontshiwe zithoba izimbobo ezimpandeni kanye namaqabunga e-cotyledon wezithombo. При этом в тепличных условиях за год комар может наплодить до 8 поколений личинок. Ikhukhamba imiyane ithwala amagciwane nezifo, ukubeka izitshalo engozini enkulu nakakhulu.
Isitshalo esithathelwanayo siqala ukukhubazeka, ukukhula kuyancipha, ingxenye yempande ye-stem rots, i-turgor ilahlekile, futhi ukubola okujwayelekile kuqala.
Izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane:
- inhlabathi yokungasebenzi ngokushisa komhlaba;
- ukuphathwa kokushisa komhlabathi;
- ukufuthola izinambuzane ezingxenyeni ezingezansi kwe-stem ne-basal entanyeni;
- Gape amathoni ombala ophuzi (gcina kusuka kubantu abadala).
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi esikhaleni esivinjelwe akuphephile ukusebenzisa izinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-respirator futhi, uma kunokwenzeka, ukhiphe amancane amanani wezidakamizwa.
Ugwayi ukhula
Lezi zinambuzane zathola igama layo ngenxa yokuthi yiyona inkathazo enkulu yegwayi. Kodwa-ke, i-thrips nayo iyalimaza ukhukhamba, anyanisi, amazambane kanye neminye imifino. Lezi zinambuzane zinebude obufinyelela ku-1 mm nombala womzimba ophuzi ophuzi.
Amantombazane ahlasela izitshalo ngokubeka amaqanda angama-100 emaqabeni amaqabunga. Inamba yamaqanda nabantu abadala ixhomeke emoyeni owomile nokushisa (indawo engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kwe-thrips yomoya oshisayo omile).
Insect kanye nezibungu zalo zidla ngesitshalo sesitshalo. Uma ingxenye ebalulekile yesitshalo ibonakalisiwe, iyakhulelwa amanzi futhi imile. Futhi, i-thrips idla uketshezi lwezimbali, okuholela ekuwa kwabo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Umsebenzi we-Vital we-thrips nezimpungushe zawo zingabonakala ngezindawo eziphuzi ezibomvu kumaqabunga, okuyinto i-curl eyomile. Ukukhula kwezihlahla kuvinjelwe, futhi kubonakala kubuhlungu.
Ukulawula izinambuzane kuhilela izindlela eziningana.
Amakhemikhali:
- I-spark yegolide;
- I-Aktara;
- Fufanon;
- Umlawuli weMaxi.
Amakhambi omphakathi:
Ukumnika uketshezi we-anyanisi. Ama-4 amalitha amanzi athathwe umthamo wezinhlamvu ezimbili zamalitha we-husk, afaka izinsuku ezingu-2. Ngemuva kwalokho, amanye amalitha angu-12 wamanzi nesepha lokuhlanza ahlanganiswe ekungeneni. Isixazululo esiphelele siphathwa phezulu ngenhla kwesitshalo.
Ama-biological agents:
- ukusetshenziswa kwezibungu ezidliwayo (Neoseyulus) ezidla izimpungushe ze-thrips;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-bug Orius, ezondla nezimpungushe zezinambuzane.
Kubalulekile! Izibungu eziwusizo azilimazi izitshalo nabantu, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuphephile 100%.
Sebenzisa izindlela ze-agrotechnical, ezibandakanya: ukukhuphuka komswakama nokwandisa inani lokunisela (thrips like air dry); ukuhlanza izinsalela eziphilayo; ukubhujiswa kokhula (thrips ukuwasebenzisa entwasahlobo yokudla nokukhiqiza).
Ungakhohlwa ukukhipha amagciwane nge-disinfection nokuhlanza i-disinferensi ezweni, umsuka walo ongaziwa. Ngesikhathi esifanele sithole izibungu - isihluthulelo sokuvunwa okuhle.
Slugs
Ama-slugs ama-gastropods, atholakala yonke indawo lapho kunezitshalo nomswakama ophezulu.
Lezi zinambuzane zivela emva kwemvula ende. Uma uqaphela okungenani oyedwa, uqiniseke ukuthi kukhona okungaphezu kokuyishumi nambili. Kunzima kakhulu ukubhubhisa indlela, njengoba bedla futhi bahamba ebumnyameni.
Ama-slugs akhethe izitshalo ezincane ezinamaqabunga amancane namahlumela. Uma isikhathi singahlanganyeli ekubhujisweni kwe-slugs, khona-ke bazoshiya amahlumela angenalutho bese bevela esihlahleni sekhukhamba. Kulo mhlaba, lesi sitshalo soma nje. Ngisho nokulimala okuvamile kwamagqabi kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekuvuneni.
Ukulwa nama-slugs kufanele kuqale ngezindlela ezidumile:
- Fafaza imigqa ngezinongo ezesabisa ama-slugs (cilantro, rosemary, allspice noma i-parsley). Le ndlela ihlukaniswa yizindleko zayo eziphakeme futhi ifaneleke kuphela ukufika okuncane.
- Ukubamba ama-slugs, ungasebenzisa ubhiya. Thayipha isiphuzo se-hop bese uyibambelela ukuze intamo iqhubekele phansi. Nokho, le ndlela isetshenziselwa nezitidi ezincane.
Ukuqeda ama-slugs endaweni enkulu, udinga ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile: Isigaba Sludge, Ferramol, Meta no-Etisso. Lezi yizinhlayiya ezihloswe ngqo ekubhujisweni kwe-slugs.
Ukwengeza kumakhemikhali, ungenza umquba ophelisa izinambuzane. Ukuze lokhu kufanelane nanoma yikuphi ukufaka umquba omuncu okuyinkimbinkimbi okusekelwe ku-calcium. Uma i-slugs ibalwa endaweni yokushisa, khona-ke ingakwazi ukuxoshwa ngokunciphisa umswakama kanye nokunciphisa okubukhali ekushiseni (hhayi nje kokulimaza izitshalo).
Isitha sezinto eziphilayo ze-slugs ama-frogs, aphinde avele ngemva kwemvula. Ngakho-ke, uma uqaphela ukuthi kunezinhlayiya eziningi endaweni - linda kancane ngokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.
Ukuvimbela okuhle ngokumelene ne-slug ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi nge-sawdust. I-mulch enjalo yenza umgoqo omkhulu wezinambuzane, lapho ungahlali khona isikhathi eside.
Izidakamizwa
Ngaphandle kwama-phosphisi amancane noma amancane, ukhukhamba unamapulazi ahlukahlukene (amagundane namagundane). Ngokuvamile lokhu kubangelwa ukuhlala kwezinsizakalo zezitshalo esakhiweni, imbewu ehlukene noma indawo engafanele yensimu ngokwayo (hhayi kude nezinsimu lapho okusanhlamvu kutshalwe khona).
Uyazi? Amantonga amakhulu kunawo wonke ahlala eNingizimu Melika eminyakeni eyizigidi ezine ezedlule. Isisindo somnikazi werekhodi singu-1 ithoni.
Amagundane namagundane adla izithelo ezivuthiwe nezimpande zezitshalo. Kungase futhi kuthwale izifo ezihlukahlukene. Uma amagundane avela kusayithi, zonke izitshalo zizohlupheka. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi ebusika amagundane azothuthela endlini yakho, lapho kunokufudumala nokudla okuningi.
Uma ukhukhamba zihlaselwa ngamagundane, khona-ke uzoqaphela lokhu ngezithelo ezidliwayo, ukuba khona kwemfucumfucu kanye nezimbobo emhlabathini eduze kwesiko. Ezinye izihlahla zingalimaza uhlelo lwempande.
Uma ungenayo amakati noma ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ezizingela amagundane, sebenzisa amakhemikhali: Isikali, i-Goliath, i-Mortorate ne-Rat.
Ngamakhambi omuntu afaka zonke izinhlobo zezingqimba zegundane (uthenge, ibhodlela le-champagne ngamafutha we-sunflower, nabanye). Noma kunjalo, uma unendawo enkulu, ngeke kusize okuningi. Okukhethwa kukho okuthakazelisayo yi-"isikhala segundane", esanda kudayiswa. Lena yimboni ye-elektroniki eyenza umsindo owesabekayo. Kokudumile kakhulu kwavela iTornado 200.
Izindlela ezivame kakhulu eziphilayo zokubhekana namagundane yizinkambu kanye nama-hedgehogs, okungabhubhisa inani elincanyana lamagundane noma amagundane. Kungenzeka futhi ukutshala umdala noma impande emnyama yokwelapha. Iphunga lalezi zitshalo izitshalo azikwazi ukubekezelela.
Ngakho-ke ukuze ungadonseli amantombazane kusayithi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufeze izinyathelo zokuvimbela, okungukuthi:
- ususe zonke izinsalela zezitshalo kusuka kusayithi;
- beka umhlonyane emithini noma uwabeke endaweni yokugcina imifino nezithelo.
Ukuvimbela izinambuzane zamakhukhamba kuqala ngendawo yokuvuna ekwindla. Kubalulekile ukulahla zonke izinsalela eziphilayo lapho izifo eziphilayo zingabusika. Entwasahlobo, ungakhohlwa ukukhipha ukhula, okungukuthi nje ukudla nokulwela izinambuzane nezifo, kodwa futhi buthaka ukukhuphula ikhukhamba.
