IBougainvillea iyi-shrub ehlala njalo noma isihlahla se-liana esinefomu elingajwayelekile lamabhuloki, wona, njengamaphala akhanyayo, azungeza izimbali ezincane. Isitshalo singowomndeni kaNiktaginovye. Izwe lawo ugu olusentshonalanga yeLatin America. Ngokokuqala ngqa, umgibeli uLouis de Bougainville wabona izimbali ezimnandi eRio de Janeiro. Kakade ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX. bahlobisa amapaki nezindawo zokugcina izithombo zaseYurophu. I-bougainvillea ethanda ukushisa ayikubekezeleli ukuqunjelwa okubandayo, ngakho-ke ikhula ezingadini kuphela eningizimu yeCaucasus naseCrimea. Kepha njengembali yasekamelweni, lobu buhle obuyingqayizivele buzizwa buhle.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Bougainvillea isitshalo esidala esinamahlamvu amade, anamacembe. Ukuphakama kwamahlumela kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-5. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isisekelo sesiqu siyakhazimula futhi sikhule, bese lesi sitshalo siphenduka isihlahla esifushane. Amahlumela embozwe ngumbala onsundu omnyama, onsundu ngokuguga. Izikhala ezibukhali, ezinde zitholakala emagatsheni.
Amacembe avamile e-petiole akhula amahlumela amasha. Zinemiphetho eqinile nesakhiwo esise-oval noma esine-ovoid esinemikhawulo ekhomba. Ipuleti lamaqabunga ligoqa kancane eceleni komthambo ophakathi nendawo. Inombala oluhlaza ogqamile.
Amahlumela amasha ambozwe izimbali ezincane olulodwa. Ama-tubular amhlophe noma aphuzi e-tubular anemiphetho egobile ngokuqinile anezinhlobo ezi-5. Izitho zokuzala empeleni aziphumi kushubhu. Izimbali ngokwazo azidonseli ukunaka, kepha ihlumela ngalinye lizungezwe ama-broker amathathu amakhulu. Babukeka njengamaqabunga anomhlaba omncane, onjengephepha. Kuvela kuwo i-mesh yemithambo kuyo. Umbala wamabhuleki ungaba mhlophe, ukhilimu, ophuzi, opinki noma okusajingijolo. Izimbali ziyabuna futhi ziwe ngokushesha okukhulu kunala maqabunga aqhakazile.
AmaHummingbird nezinhlobo ezithile zezimvemvane zasezindaweni ezishisayo angabavumbuli bemvelo bordainvillea. Ngaphandle kwabo, isethi yezithelo ayenzeki.
Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo
Uhlobo lwe-bougainvillea alunakubizwa ngokuthi lukhulu. Inezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-14 kuphela. Kepha kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene.
IBougainvillea inqunu. Izinhlobonhlobo zathola igama lazo ngenxa yobushelelezi, abacishe bangenawo ameva esiqu. Amacembe aluhlaza aqhakazile akhula kuso. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, okungahlala izinyanga eziyi-9 ekhaya, izimbali ezincane eziphuzi ezinethhubhu ende zizungezwe ngama-brices amakhulu e-raspberry hue ecebile. Zingakhula zombili zizungeze imbali eyodwa, nezungeze i-inflorescence encane.
IBougainvillea yinhle. Izithombo ezinde eziguqukayo zezihlahla zembozo zembozo zimbozwe ngamahlamvu amnyama aluhlaza okotshani ezindebeni ezinde. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, cishe wonke umqhele ufihlwe ngaphansi kwezimbali ezinamaqabunga aqhakazile. Kuqala, zipendiwe nge-hue ebomvu ecebile, kepha ekugcineni iyaphela bese iba cishe mhlophe.
I-Bougainvillea Peruvian. Amahlumela amade awanikeli izinqubo ezilandelanayo. Zimbozwe ngamahlamvu amancane, ngaphansi lapho kufihlwe khona izikhala ezimfushane. Izinhlobonhlobo ziqothula inani elikhulu lama-inflorescence. Amabhuluki abo anobumba be-terry kanye nendawo enomhloshana.
Izindlela zokuzala
IBougainvillea ingasakazwa ngokuhlwanyela imbewu, ukhula lwenhlanganisela ye-stem cut cut kanye ne layering. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuyinkimbinkimbi iqiniso lokuthi ngokuhlwanyelwa udinga ukusebenzisa kuphela imbewu emisha, engaboshelwe ezimweni zasekamelweni. Kepha ukusakazeka kokutshala kulula kakhulu. Ngalo, izibonakaliso zezitshalo ezihlukahlukene ziyalondolozwa.
NgoMeyi-Juni, amahlumela aneminyaka engu-Half-lignified ayanqunywa. Zibekiwe ezimbizeni ezinengxube ye-sand-peat at lokushisa lika-20 ... + 25 ° C. Ukuze ulondoloze umphumela wokugcina ukushisa, ukusikwa kumbozwe ngefilimu noma ngamabhodlela epulasitiki. Ukuze izimpande zivele kungekudala, kunconyelwa ukuphatha isigaba esingezansi ngesakhiwo esikhethekile. Ukushisa inhlabathi nakho kuhle. Ngokuqala kwezimpande, izitshalo zidluliselwa endaweni engapheli emhlabathini yezitshalo zabantu abadala.
I-Root air lay kungenzeka unyaka wonke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, inqubo encane engenzi lignated is iklanywe kancane ukuze ilimaze amagxolo. Ibekwe enhlabathini. Igatsha elide lingagobeka phansi embizeni enkulu. Isitsha esincane siboshelwe enhlabathini eduze kwehlumela elingaphezulu. Inqubo yokubamba imbala ithatha cishe inyanga, emva kwalokho ihlumela lihlukaniswe nesitshalo sikamama futhi sitshalwe ebhodweni elihlukile.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
IBougainvillea ingatshalwa engadini, kepha-ke ekwindla ngenkathi yokubamba okubandayo kuzodingeka ukuthi ubambe isitshalo. ENingizimu kuphela yezwe lapho ebusika khona ngendawo yokuhlala enhle. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukuthi usheshe utshale imbiza ebhodweni, futhi njengoba ikhula, uyihambise kwipakethe enkulu yezimbali. Ekwenziweni kulethwa egumbini.
Izitshalo ezincane zitshalwa minyaka yonke, futhi ngezinhlobo zabantu abadala ezengeziwe zokufakelwa ngokwanele eminyakeni engama-3-5. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono engxenyeni yokuqala yentwasahlobo. Uhlelo lwezimpande lukhula kancane, ngakho-ke ibhodwe elilandelayo kufanele libe likhudlwana kuneliya langaphambili. Ungashiya isitsha esidala, kepha ususe ingxenye yobumba obudala obudala bese uthambisa izimpande.
Ingxube yomhlabathi efanelekile yokutshala i-bougainvillea kufanele ibe nalokhu:
- umhlaba wefudu;
- i-humus eqondile;
- isihlabathi somfula;
- Peat.
Phansi ebhodweni kufanele kugaye impahla. Lapho ufakelwa, izimpande kufanele zihlolwe ukuze zilinyazwe futhi zinciphiswe. Umhlaba unyathelwa futhi waniselwa ngokucophelela. Izinsuku zokuqala ze-bougainvillea zigcinwa endaweni enomthunzi.
Izici Zokunakekela
Ekhaya, kubalulekile ukuthi isitshalo sinikeze indawo yokuhlala yaphakade. Iphendula ngobuhlungu kunoma yiluphi ushintsho, noma ngabe kuyithuba lesitsha sembiza emthonjeni wokukhanya, ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa okuqinile, okusalungiswa nokuningi.
Isibani IBougainvillea idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo nokuhlanekezelwe. Ukusuka elangeni eliqondile ntambama, ukufiphaza ngekhethini noma i-gauze emincane kuyadingeka. Uma ilanga linganele, ukuqhakaza kube mancane kakhulu.
Ukushisa Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lembali ngu + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, igumbi lidinga ukufakwa umoya omncane njalo. Le mbali ikhula kahle emoyeni omusha, endaweni evikelwe okusalungiswa. Uma ihlobo libanda kakhulu, i-bougainvillea izoqhakaza, kepha omabhulashi bayo bazopenda futhi bangakutholi ukukhanya okujwayelekile. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lehliswa laba ngu + 12 ... + 15 ° C. Ukupholisa ku-5 + + 10 ° C kuholela ekuguleni nasekufeni.
Umswakama. Umuntu ohlala endaweni eshisayo udinga umswakama ophezulu. Kufanele kufafazwe kaningi ngoketshezi oluhlanzwa kahle. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, amanzi akufanele awele emaphethweni, ngakho-ke sebenzisa amathreyi anamatshe amvula nesithambisi. Izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, imbali ihlanzwa eshaweni efudumele.
Ukunisela. Isitshalo kumele sande futhi sivame ukuniselwa, kepha ingaphezulu lomhlabathi kumele libe nesikhathi sokoma. Kusukela ukuphela kwehlobo, njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla, imvamisa yokunisela iyancishiswa. Ebusika, isikhathi sokuthokomala siqala, lapho ingxenye yamahlamvu iwa futhi ukuhwamuka komswakama kuncishiswe. Ukunisela kucishe kususwe ngokuphelele, kumuncisa umhlaba kancane.
Umanyolo. Ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba, i-bougainvillea ivundiswa kabili ngenyanga ngesakhiwo samaminerali sezitshalo ezigeleza ngaphakathi. Ukugqoka okuphezulu okunamathiselwe kuthululelwa emhlabathini kude kude ne amahlumela.
Izihlahla. Ukwakheka komqhele kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekubukeni kokuhlobisa kwe-bougainvillea. Futhi, le nqubo ivuselela ukwakheka kwama-buds nezinqubo ezilandelanayo. Ekuthenini kwentwasahlobo, amahlumela omiswe ebusika futhi izinqubo ezibuthakathaka, ziyasuswa. Ehlobo, ukuqothuka kwama-inflorescence kufanele kusikwe. Izimila ze-Autumn zakhiwe. Amahlumela ancishiswa okwesithathu futhi acishe abe yizindawo eziminyene. On amahlumela konyaka wamanje kufanele okungenani okungenani cm cm.
Isisekelo sesiqu siyakhula kancane size silinganiswe. Ngomzamo owanele, i-bougainvillea ingakha i-bonsai (ngesimo sesihlahla esincane esine-trunk obukhulu kanye nomqhele osabalalisayo), isihlahla esinamatshe amaningi noma isithombe esibunjiwe.
Izifo, izilokazane. IBougainvillea ihlukaniswa ukungaziphathi kahle nokumelana nezinambuzane. Kuphela ngokuphazamiseka isikhathi eside kubuchwepheshe bezolimo kungakha izifo zesikhunta neqabunga le chlorosis. Kwezinambuzane ezikulo, ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho ungathola khona imaybubug, aphid noma spider mite. Izinambuzane ezisheshe zitholakale, umthelela omncane ozobangela isitshalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlola amaqabunga neziqu ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma kunesidingo, afafazwa ngama-insecticides.
