Abathengisi abaningi bewayini abathanda ukutshala intwasahlobo, ngoba kuqinisekisa ukusinda kwesithombo nokuqeda ukuqanda kwayo ebusika. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abanolwazi bayalwa ukutshala amagilebhisi ekwindla. Inkinga yokuqandeka ixazululwa kalula yinhlangano yezindawo zokuhlala, ngakho-ke akusona isithiyo esibalulekile enqubekweni yokwindla. Ngokuncike ezincomeni zesikhathi nobuchwepheshe bokutshala, isitshalo sinezimpande ngempumelelo futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo siqala ukukhula.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi ekwindla: izinzuzo nobubi
Ukutshala kahle amagilebhisi kuzonikeza umlimi isivuno esicebile
Ungatshala amagilebhisi emhlabathini ovulekile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esifudumele sonyaka. Abalimi abaningi bathanda ukwenza lokhu entwasahlobo, ukuze kuthi ngesikhathi sokukhula izithombo zibe nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande futhi zilungiselele ubusika.
Kodwa-ke, ukutshala ekwindla kunezinzuzo eziningana ezibalulekile:
- Ama-buds athela izithelo ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka awela esimweni sokuphumula, ngakho-ke izithombo ziqondisa wonke amandla ekwakhekeni kohlelo lwezimpande. Kamuva, lokhu kuthinta kahle isivuno somvini.
- Ngemuva kokuphuma ekubandakanyeni, izitshalo ezitshalwe ekwindla zithola izakhi zomzimba eziningi kanye nomswakama, ngakho-ke ziqala ukukhula ngokuzikhandla.
- Imakethe inokhetho olubanzi lokutshala amasheya ngamanani aphansi kakhulu kunasentwasahlobo.
- Ngokuya ngaphansi kobuchwepheshe bokutshala nokukhosela ngokucophelela, izithombo zobusika ngokuphepha, zakha amasosha omzimba angaqinile. Izitshalo eziqiniswe yiqhwa ziyamelana nezifo ezitholakala kusiko.
Kukhona ukubuyisa okukodwa kokutshala kwekwindla - ubungozi bokuqala ngokuzuma kwesithwathwa, ngokungafani nokubikezela kwesimo sezulu.
Izinsuku zokutshala Autumn
Lapho ukhetha usuku lokutshala amagilebhisi, kubalulekile ukucubungula isimo sezulu sale ndawo
Lapho ukhetha isikhathi sokutshala amagilebhisi, kubalulekile ukuthi unake izici zesimo sezulu salesi sifunda. Isikhathi sibalwa ngendlela yokuthi izinyanga eziyi-1-1,5 zihlale ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala: lokhu kuzokwanela ukuvumelanisa isithombo emhlabathini. Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu kungo + 15 ... 16 ° C phakathi nosuku, + 5 ... 6 ° C ebusuku.
Izinsuku zomsebenzi ngesifunda: itafula
| Isifunda | Izinsuku ezinconyiwe |
| ENingizimu: eCrimea, Kuban | Kusukela maphakathi no-Okthoba kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba |
| Isifunda saseMoscow, Midland | Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka maphakathi no-Okthoba |
| Isifunda seLeningrad | Ukuphela kuka-Agasti kanye neshumi leminyaka lokuqala likaSepthemba |
| ISiberia ne-Urals | Ingxenye yokuqala kaSepthemba |
Ukulungiselela
Amagilebhisi awanikezi isivuno esiningi kuphela, kodwa futhi ahlobisa ingadi nengadi yezithelo
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokutshala ekwindla yikhono lokukhetha indawo ngamabomu futhi uyilungiselele inqubo.
Ukukhethwa kwesiza nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Ukuze ukhule amagilebhisi amahle, kubalulekile ukuyibeka ngendlela efanele esizeni
Ukuhlelwa okulungile kwamagilebhisi esakhiweni kungenye yezimo eziphambili zokuthola isivuno esikhulu. Isinqumo esihle kakhulu ngasohlangothini lwaseningizimu lwendlu, uthango noma ukuphumela ngaphandle.. Ngaleli lungiselelo, umvini uzokhanywa usuku lonke, futhi ngeke ulinyazwe yimimoya ebandayo. Awukwazi ukutshala isiko le-thermophilic ezindaweni eziphansi noma ezigodini, ngoba lapho izinga lokushisa ebusuku liwela ngezansi konke.
Amagilebhisi adinga inhlabathi evundile nenempilo. Umhlaba omnyama nomugqa ofanele. Awukwazi ukutshala umvini emhlabathini ominyene, wobumba. Okuyingozi kakhulu yindawo esecebeni lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba 1.5 m kusuka ezimpandeni.
Ngisho nenhlabathi esezingeni eliphakeme, efanelekayo kumele ithuthukiswe ngokungeza izinto eziphilayo kanye nomanyolo wezimbiwa. Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, engeza ufulawa we-lime noma we-dolomite. Isanti lomfula lingezwa emhlabathini wenhlabathi - amabhakede ama-2 ngemitha yesikwere.
Ukukhetha nokulungiselela izinto zokutshala
Ukusakazwa kwezithelo zomvini kuyashesha inqubo yokuthola umvini omusha kuqhathaniswa nokutshala imbewu
Ungathola isibonelo sesitshalo esisha kusuka kwisithombo esitholwe noma esizimele ngokuzimela. Izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme zinezici ezilandelayo:
- Isithombo sineminyaka engu-1 ubudala: izinsalela ezindala zibekezelela ukufakelwa kobuhlungu kakhulu.
- Ukubalekela kusuka ku-20 cm ubude nama-5mm awugqinsi obuluhlaza obunjiwe. Akukho monakalo noma izimpawu zokugula.
- Akhule kahle, aguquguqukayo, amhlophe ezimpandeni ezisikiwe enanini lezingcezu ezi-3 okungenani.
- Izinso ezithuthukisiwe ngenani lezicucu ezi-4.
- Amaqabunga aluhlaza angenazimpawu zokufiphala, ukusonteka kanye nomonakalo wamaqabunga aqothulayo.
Kubalulekile! Ungathenga izithombo kusasele ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwezimpande emoyeni kuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile futhi kuthinte kabi ukukhula okulandelayo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, umqhele unqunywa kusuka ku-seedling futhi omile noma izimpande ezonakele ziyasuswa. Ngemuva kwalokho bamba izimpande ngqo ngaphansi kwephuzu lokukhula bese ususa zonke izingxenye ezinamathele ngaphansi kwesandla ngaphansi. Ubude bezimpande ngemuva kokusika akumele bube ngaphezu kuka-15 cm.
Le ndlela ikhuthaza ukuhlanganisa izimpande futhi ivimbele ukwakheka kwayo lapho itshala. Ngemuva kokuthena, isithombo simbozwe amahora angama-24 emanzini ahlanzekile, bese kuba nesixazululo se-impompo se-izimpande (Zircon, Kornevin, Heteroauxin).
Imiyalo yokufakelwa
Kubalulekile ukutshala amagilebhisi ajule ngokwanele ukuze uwavikele kwisithwathwa
Ungathola ikhophi entsha yomvini ngokutshala isithombo, ukhiphe imbila kusitshulwa noma i-chubuk.
Izithombo
Le ndlela yokufika idinga ukulungiswa komgodi ngaphambi kwesikhathi
Isigaba sokuqala sokutshala amagilebhisi ekwindla ngezithombo ukulungiswa komgodi onobubanzi nokujula kwama-80 cm:
- Okokuqala, kususwa ungqimba oluvundile olungamasentimitha angama-40, bese kuba olungaphansi. Inhlabathi ibekwe ngezindlela ezihlukile.
- Amatshe abekwe phansi emgodini: isitini esaphukile, udaka olwandisiwe.
- Ingxube yezakhi ilungiswa kusuka enhlabathini yesendlalelo esingaphezulu ngokuxhuma izingxenye ezilandelayo kuyo:
- Amabhakede ama-3 we-humus noma umquba;
- I-150 g kasawoti we-potassium;
- 250 g we-superphosphate;
- 2 kg womlotha wezinkuni.
- Ingxenye yesithathu yomgodi igcwele ingxube futhi ibhakede lamanzi lithululelwe ukuze inhlabathi ihlale.
Masinyane qala ukufika kumaviki ayi-2-3:
- Maphakathi nomgodi, kuzobekwa isigxobo sokugqiza umjaho wesikhathi esizayo. Isilayidi sengxubevange yezakhi sithululelwa eceleni kwaso.
- Isithombo esilungiselelwe sibekwa egqumeni lomhlabathi. Izimpande zibekwa emaphethelweni nge-engela yama-degree angama-45: lesi sikhundla sizobavimba ukuthi bangaguquki phezulu.
- Umgodi ugcwaliswa kancane kancane ngenhlabathi, uhlanganise ungqimba ngalunye. Umsuka wempande yesithombo kufanele ugcwale ebusweni.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, lesi sitshalo siniselwa kakhulu, ingaphezulu ligxishwe nge-peat, humus noma umhlabathi omile nje.
Izimbumbulu
Izilimo zidinga ukulungiswa ngesikhathi sokuthenwa kwamagilebhisi ehlobo
Isiqu siyingxenye yomvini osikiwe enombolweni ehlukile. Izinto zokutshala ezinjalo zihlala ziningi ngemuva kokuthena kwehlobo. Njengomthetho, ihlumela elithuthuke kakhulu likhethiwe futhi ingxenye engenhla enama-buds athuthukile ayi-4 inqunywe kuyo. Lahla ukulandelana:
- Bamba umsele ongu-25-30 cm ukuphakama.
- Ingqimba ye-humus ithululelwa phansi, ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi enezakhi.
- Izimbumbulu zibekwa kude nge-15-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye ngokuthambekela eningizimu. Izinso ezi-2 zingcwatshwe enhlabathini, ezinye zisale ngaphezulu kobuso.
- Amanzi nomsele ngamanzi afudumele.
- Ukusika kumbozwe ngamabhodlela epulasitiki noma ifilimu kuma-arcs afakwe ngaphambili. Ukufakwa okunjalo kuzosiza ukugcina umswakama ofanele kanye nezinga lokushisa lezinqubo ezisebenza ngokushesha zomsebenzi.
Amaqhinga amaningi nezimfihlo zokusebenza ngokusika kusuka kubatshali abanolwazi ku-athikili: //diz-cafe.com/sad-ogorod/vyirashhivanie-vinograda-iz-cherenkov.html
Chubukami
Kungcono ukukhetha i-chubuki ebushelelezi ukuze ingathathi isikhala esiningi
I-Chubuki yimikhawulo emincane yomvini enamahlamvu amaningi athuthukile. Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, ziqala zikhiqizwe egunjini noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa endaweni yokushisa ka-24 ... 26oC:
- Sika i-Chubuki amahora angama-3-4 abekwe kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate. Ngemuva kwalokho wageza futhi womiswa.
- Sika izingxenye ezingenhla nezingaphansi ngo-1-2 cm bese ubeka i-chubuki kusisombululo se-izimpandisi ("Kornevin", "Zircon") izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
- Isigaba sokugcina sokuhluma ukufakwa emanzini ahlanzekile.
- AmaChubuki atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kokukhula kwezimpande ezingamasentimitha angama-5-7. Ubuchwepheshe bufana nokutshala okusikiwe.
Nakekela amagilebhisi atshaliwe ngaphambi kobusika
Kubalulekile ukunakekela amagilebhisi atshaliwe ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika futhi uwafake ukuze uwavikele kwisithwathwa
Ukunakekelwa kwezithombo nokusikwa kuqukethe ukunisela nokukhulula inhlabathi. Ukufaka izitshalo ezincane akudingeki.
Ngokuqala kokupholisa okuqhubekayo, ingaphansi kwezitshalo kufakwe ngotshani obomile, hay, sawdust, humus. Ukuphakama kwezendlalelo cm cm.
Ngokulindela isithwathwa, isivini simbozwa nge-agrofibre, siyibeka kuzimele ezisunguliwe. Enye yezinketho zokukhosela ukufakwa kwephahla lwendlu yindlu. Le nketho yokufudumeza izovikela ngokuthembekile amagilebhisi kumakhaza futhi ivikele ukuqhekeka kwamahlumela.
Ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe bokutshala nendawo yokukhosela efanele, izitshalo ezincane ziphumelela ebusika futhi ziqale imifino esebenzayo entwasahlobo. Izithombo ezinonyaka owodwa zizonikeza isivuno sokuqala eminyakeni emi-2.
