Njengoba usuthenge indawo esele ilindelwe, ungagijimeli ukuyohlola amasimu amasha. Ukuze izindleko zibe zincane, imiphumela iyasebenza, futhi ukubukeka kwendawo kungokwangempela futhi kuyinto enhle, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela izenzo ezingokoqobo ngokudweba uhlelo olunemininingwane. Ukuhlelwa kwesiza kuqala kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwezinsiza zomhlaba, ukwahlukaniswa izigaba, ukukhethwa kwezitayela zokubukeka komhlaba kanye nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo esinemininingwane yendlu, ingadi nezinye izinto ezibalulekile.
Ukuhlola okufanele kwezinto zokuhlela
Ukuthola indawo indlu, imibhede, imibhede yezimbali kanye nezinye izakhiwo, okokuqala kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi ukuncishiswa kwensimu. Njengomthetho, umngcele wesayithi uvame ukuhlangana ocingweni, obekwe endaweni yokuqala.
Isusa imingcele ngezixhumanisi
Ucwaningo lwe-geodesic kuphela luzosiza ukumaka ngokunembile imingcele yendawo noma ubuyisele idatha elahlekile mayelana nendawo yabo. Kuqala, ukumakwa komhlaba ngokufakwa kwabaxhumanisi kufakwa kwipasipoti ye-cadastral, ngenxa yalokho, lapho kungekho datha, isicelo kufanele senziwe kwigumbi le-cadastral. Kusetshenziswa ukukhishwa okuhambisana nemikhombandlela eqondile yemingcele, ochwepheshe bakhombisa amaphuzu athile. Manje le micimbi ibanjwa kusetshenziswa amadivaysi e-GPS noma isiteshi esisetshenziswa ngogesi, esiqinisekisa ukunemba okukhulu kwemininingwane. Ukuqokwa kwemingcele kwenzeka ngosizo lwezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokucwaninga, okulula kunazo zonke ukufakwa kwezigxobo ezincane ezine-twine eziluliwe phakathi kwazo.
Ukuthuthuka okufanele kwephrojekthi nokulungiswa kohlelo olunemininingwane kuzosiza ekuhleleni kahle izakhiwo, indawo yokuhlala, ezokuxhumana ezweni kanye nokugwema izinguquko
Ukucaciswa kwemingcele kuzosiza ngokuzayo ukuthengisa noma ukunikela ngomhlaba ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kanye nokususa izimangalo zomakhelwane futhi kulungiswe uthango ngokufanele.
Ukucatshangelwa kwezimpawu zemvelo
Ngaphambi kokuhlela, ngaphezu kosayizi nokwakheka kwendawo, kubalulekile ukunaka lezi zici ezilandelayo:
- impumuzo;
- amanzi omhlaba;
- uhlobo lomhlabathi;
- ukukhanyisa;
- umoya ovunguzayo.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo yendlu nengadi, izinhlobo zezokuxhumana, incazelo yesitayela sokuma komhlaba incike kwisimo sendawo - ethafeni noma elinamagquma. Uma kunemifula, imigodi noma amachibi emvelo ekhishini, lokhu kufanele futhi kuqashelwe lapho kwenziwa uhlelo.
Isakhiwo somhlabathi sithinta ukukhetha kwezitshalo zalesi siza, ngoba akuyona yonke imifino, izihlahla zezithelo, noma izimbali ezikhula ezinhlabathini ezinesihlabathi, ubumba, umhlanga, umhlabathi we-humus.
Ungathola ukuthi ukuvundiswa kwenhlabathi kuncike entweni: //diz-cafe.com/ozelenenie/ot-chego-zavisit-plodorodie-pochvy.html
Enye yezinketho zokuhlela i-cottage ehlobo ngesitayela esijwayelekile: impumuzo yofulethi, indlu isenkabeni, ihlukaniswe yindawo yokuzilibazisa futhi izungezwe izingoma eziluhlaza zokuhlobisa
Izinyathelo ezihlobene nokufakwa kwezindawo zokudonsa amanzi, umthombo noma umthombo, kanye nokukhethwa kwezindlela zokukhishwa kwamanzi esiphepho, zihambisana nezinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba. Izinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba nalo lithinta ukukhiqizwa kwezihlahla zezithelo.
Izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba linganqunywa ngokuzimela ohlelweni lokwakha imithombo noma lokumba umthombo ngokumba, kanye nokusebenzisa amaphuzu amadala okuphuza amanzi
Imininingwane ekukhanya nokukhanya komoya izosiza ukuyifaka kahle i-cottage, ibeke ingadi kanye nensimu yasekhishini, futhi ukhethe kahle izinhlobo zezitshalo.
Ukwahlukaniswa komhlaba kube yizindawo
Ngaphezu kokubekwa kwemingcele yangaphandle yendawo yangasese, kukhona ukumakwa kwangaphakathi kwesakhiwo somuntu siqu noma segadi. Imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi ukukhwezela, ngoba yonke insimu ihlukaniswe ngokwezigaba izizinda eziyinhloko ezimbalwa:
- indawo yokuhlala;
- ukuphumula;
- ukulima;
- inkonzo yebhizinisi.
Cishe i-10-15% yendawo yabelwe ukwakha - i-cottage, ekhishini lasehlobo, amakamelo okusetshenziselwa kuwo, amagazethi, egalaji, echibini, njll. Cishe i-15% inikezwa ekuxhumaneni kwangaphakathi (izindlela, ukupaka, i-driveway) kanye nokubuka komhlaba (imibhede yezimbali, imibhede yezimbali, i-rockeries, uthango). Isabelo sebhubesi, cishe ama-70-75%, ngesingadi nengadi yemifino (ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene).
Ukwehliswa kwesiza kwenzeka nganoma yiluphi uhlobo: ezinye izingxenye ziyimpoqo (indawo yokuhlala, ukungena, ukuzijabulisa), ezinye zingalahleka (ukupaka, izingane, utshani)
Into ebalulekile yindlu, ngakho-ke kufanele isungule ukuqalwa kwayo. Izakhiwo eziseduze kufanele zisondele esakhiweni sokuhlala futhi ngasikhathi sinye zifihle emehlweni, isibonelo, emathangeni okuhlobisa. Imibhede nemibhede yezimbali kumele ibe sendaweni ekhanyisiwe, nezitshalo ezithanda umthunzi - eduze kwendlu noma engadini. Amanye amahlahla ezithelo (ama-currants, ama-raspberries, ama-gooseberry) abekezelela umthunzi oyinxenye, ngakho-ke angatshalwa eceleni kocingo noma ohlangothini olunemithunzi yezakhiwo. Indawo yokuzijabulisa incike kulokho okuthandwa ngabanikazi bekhaya: kungaba yindawo ezungeze ichibi, i-gazebo ethokomele evulekile noma inkundla yokudlala yezingane eyandisiwe. Into esemqoka ekwehlukaniseni ukulandela imigomo yokucabanga nokusebenziseka.
Ukukhetha isitayela sokuhlela komhlaba
Ukuqonda okujwayelekile kwensimu yekotishi lasehlobo kuya ngesitayela esikhethiwe. Uzobukeka kanjani? Mhlawumbe lawa amathanga asendle wezithelo nezitshalo zokuhlobisa ngendlu encane ethokomele efihlwe ngaphakathi. Noma mhlawumbe i-cottage enhle enhle, izungezwe ukusakazwa kwemibhede yezimbali kanye nezindlela eziqondile njengemicibisholo. Kukhona ukwahlukaniswa okulula futhi okungabizi kakhulu kwizitayela ezi-3 eziyisisekelo, ezizosiza ukuqonda ukuthi ungamaka kanjani isiza ngendlela efanele.
Umklami wezakhiwo zasengadini wamahhala we-inthanethi uzokusiza uhlele uhlelo lwakho: //diz-cafe.com/planirovshhik.html
Ukushiswa komhlaba - ubunjalo bemvelo
Zonke izinto zesimo sendawo zihlelwe ngokuya ngemigomo yesimo semvelo, engaboni imigqa ecacile neqonde, ukufana nokufana kwamafomu. Izihlahla zegadi zihlelwe ngokulandelana kwamahhala, izindlela ezinqenqemayo zigobelana phakathi kwazo, izihlahlana zesifufula, amaqembu ezimbali afana notshani obukhanyayo kunokuba kube nemibhede yezimbali ehleliwe. Konke kubukeka kungokwemvelo futhi kuyamangalisa.
Ukwephulwa kwesigodi, ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kwezindawo zokugcina zemvelo, ukuphakama okungalindelekile - konke lokhu kufanele kukhombise ukuthi umdwebi oyinhloko kule ndima akuyona indoda, kodwa yimvelo uqobo. Ngisho nezinto ezibonakalayo zamathrekhi kufanele zibe zemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka - itshe, amatshe amatshe, isihlabathi.
Enye yezixazululo zemvelo yokuqala yensimu enesitayela sangemuva. Izinto eziphoqelekile ziyichibi, amabhuloho okhuni, amanzi nezitshalo zomhlaba, ezitshalwe ngokulandelana
Imibono engaphezulu yesitayela saseShayina: //diz-cafe.com/plan/sad-v-kitajskom-stile.html
Okujwayelekile - Ijometri Eqondile
I-topography eyisicaba ilungele ukubukwa kwendawo ngesitayela esivamile. Zonke izinto zingaphansi kwemigomo yejometri: izindlela eziqonde ngqo, imibhede yezimbali elunxantathu, okusaqanda noma okuyindilinga, isihlahla sitshaleke ngisho emigqeni noma izingoma ezivumelanayo. Amachibi, njengamapulatifomu, nawo anemingcele ecacile nesimo esithile. Imvamisa, izinto ezincane zokuklama zihlangana nge-axis enemibandela noma ezungeze isikhungo esinikeziwe.
Isibonelo sokusebenzisa isitayela esijwayelekile ikotishi elizungezwe ukuhlotshiswa kwezimbali. Indawo ephakathi yesakhiwo, imibhede yezimbali etshalwe ngokulinganayo ngezimpawu nezihlahla ziyisitayela sesiNgisi.
Izinto eziphambili zesitayela sesiNgisi: //diz-cafe.com/vopros-otvet/angliyskiy-sad-landshaftnyiy-dizayn.html
Kuxutshwe - Izingqondo Zokuqonda
Isitayela esixubekile sithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezakhamizi zasehlobo, ngoba zinikeza amathuba amaningi wokwakha nokubuka imvelo. Izinto ezithile (imibhede, izihlahla zensimu) zihlelwe ngokulandelana okuthile, kanti ezinye (izindlela, imibhede yezimbali, izakhiwo) zihleliwe. Umphumela uba ngumbukiso wezwe opholile, ococekile, ogqamile ngokusebenza engadini noma eholidini langeSonto.
Isibonelo esiphelele sesitayela esixubile engxenyeni enomzimba we-L. Indlu nokugeza kuhlelwe ngokwezimpawu, ezinye zezitshalo zitshalwe ngendlela enesiphithiphithi, enye ingxenye ngemigqa
Isibonelo esisodwa: ingadi yesitayela sezwe //diz-cafe.com/plan/sad-i-dacha-v-stile-kantri.html
Indawo eyakha imithetho
Njengoba usuhlolile ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungayimaka kanjani imingcele, ungaqala ukudweba umdwebo. Ukuze kube lula, ungasebenzisa ishidi elikhulu lephepha elibhekwe ngabomvu noma iphepha legrafu, lapho imitha yesikwele ngalinye liyi-1 centimeter, okungukuthi, isilinganiso kuzoba ngu-1: 100. Izinto ezinkulu - indlu, indlu yokugeza, imibhede, izindlu zokugcina izithombo, imibhede yezimbali, ichibi, igalaji, izihlahla zezithelo - zingasuswa ephepheni elinemibala bese zihamba ngokukhululeka zisebenza insimu esebenza ngayo. Kwesinye isikhathi phakathi nokuhlolwa okunjalo kuvela imibono emisha emisha.
Ukunakwa ikakhulukazi lapho uhlela kudinga izindawo ezingezona ezejwayelekile, ezinesimo eside. Ukubanika ukubukeka okuhle, basebenzisa izithiyo zamehlo kanye nabahlukanisi ngendlela yemibhede, amachibi, izingoma ezixubile
Lapho ubeka izinto enkabeni noma emaphethelweni esiza, kubalulekile ukukhumbula izindinganiso zokuphepha zangasese nezomlilo, kanye nezici zendawo. Kukhona into efana ne-dendroplan - ngeke ikulimaze.
Uhlelo lwamabanga aphansi ukusuka ezindlini zasehlobo kuya emngceleni wesakhiwo esingumakhelwane, okumele sibhekwe ngenkathi kwakhiwa noma kwenziwa ngcono insimu
Izokwenza lula eminye imisebenzi futhi ikhombise indawo okukhona kuyo amapayipi kagesi, indle kanye namanzi, kubandakanya lawo angaphansi komhlaba. Uhlelo oluzimele lungalethwa enhlanganweni enamalayisense ukwenza uhlelo olusemthethweni, okuvunyelwene ngalo yizinhlangano zikahulumeni, futhi zisetshenziswe ekusebenzeni nabaqambi, abakhi, abaklami.
