Abantu kudala babazi futhi bahlonishwa ama-raspberries. E-Russia, le berry yaziwa ngekhulu le-XII futhi yanda. Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-600 zama-raspberries. Itshalwa emazweni angama-37, ngezinga lezimboni nasezinkampanini ezizimele. Ukuze ujabulele amajikijolo amnandi ehlobo nasekwindla, udinga ukunaka ama-raspberries kusuka ezinsukwini zokuqala ezifudumele.
Ungayinakekela kanjani ama-raspberries entwasahlobo
Isivuno esihle sama-raspberries asisipho esingako semvelo njengomsebenzi obuhlungu kakhulu womlimi wegadi. Ngisho nezinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu zingakhiqiza imiphumela emibi uma zinakekelwa ngokungafanele noma ngokungafanele. Funda imithetho eyisisekelo yobuchwepheshe bezolimo ukukhulisa ama-raspberries amnandi.
Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kwama-raspberries entwasahlobo kuqala ngoMashi futhi kwehla inqubo enjalo:
- ishawa eshisayo;
- izihlahla
- ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi;
- i-garter
- ukugqoka okuphezulu;
- ukuchelela;
- ukuvikela izinambuzane;
- ukuvikela ezifweni.
Ishawa eshisayo
Ekuqaleni kukaMashi, izinsalela zamaqabunga kanye nemfucumfucuza esisekelweni sezihlahla kufanele zikhuphuke ngokucophelela. Lokhu kudoti kumele kushiswe, ngoba kungaqukatha izinambuzane eziyingozi namagciwane. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele wenze eshaweni esishisayo sama-raspberries ukuze uchithe ama-microorganisms ayingozi.
Ngenqubo oyidingayo:
- Letha amalitha ama-5 amanzi kubhizi bese ugcwalisa isifafaza.
- Ukusuka ekuphakameni okungaba yimitha eyi-1, uthele ama-raspberry bush ngokusebenzisa i-spout ene-diffuser.
Le nqubo ayisiyingozi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ilusizo kakhulu kuma-raspberries. Amanzi ashisayo awanaso isikhathi sokushisa izinso zokulala zama-raspberries, ngoba aphola aze afike kuma-70 degrees (aze afinyelele emahlahleni). Ukugeza okushisayo kuyindlela enhle yokubulala i-nematode, kwesinye isikhathi enganqotshwa ngamakhemikhali anamandla kakhulu.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuthambisa okungu-1 kwamanzi afudumele kwanele ukucubungula ama-2-4hlahla. Uma ama-raspberry bush akade (amagatsha ayi-10-15), bese usebenzisa amalitha ama-5 amanzi ezihlahleni ezi-2.
Ukuthena kwentwasahlobo
Ngemuva kweshishi eshisayo, ngokushesha nje lapho kumiswa izinga lokushisa elifanele, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi liyokoma, amahlahla okusajingijolo asikiwe futhi abunjiwe. Kungakhathaleki ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokutshala ama-raspberries, kusebenza kakhulu ukunquma ngezigaba ezi-2: ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nangemva kwalokho, lapho amazinga okushisa engaphezulu ebekwe ngaphezulu kwama-5 degrees Celsius.
Amahlumela owomile, ngombala ohlukile ngokusobala kusukela kwabancane, anqunywa phansi nge-secateurs ebukhali
Esigabeni sokuqala, amahlumela abuthakathaka eduze komhlabathi uqobo ayasuswa, ahlukaniswe, agxunyekwe, amagatsha aqine futhi aqhume ngokuvuvukala phansi (inyongo ye-largee izibungu zobusika lapho). Khipha iziqu ezisele, ushiye iziqu eziyi-6-8 ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kweziqu, kuze kufike kweziqu eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20 ngemitha eqondile ngomshini wokutshala. Ukuncipha kuzoholela ezithelweni eziphansi namajikijolo amancane.
Kuyadingeka ukusika eqandisiwe ngokuphelele, ephukile, engaphansi futhi elinyazwe iziqu zezinambuzane bese uzishisa.
I-raspberry shoot, lapho inyongo ye-stem midwintered, ibe nokuqina
Kufanele ilungiswe nge-secateurs ebukhali nezindawo ezilimele ezigxotsheni eziqandisiwe zisezinso eliphakeme eliphilayo. Ehlathini elincane elinempilo, iziqongo zinqunywa ku-20 cm. Le pinch izokuqinisekisa ukukhula kwamahlumela asohlangothini.
Isikimu sentuku yokuthenwa okusajingijolo
Ividiyo: unquma kanjani ama-raspberries entwasahlobo
Ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi
Ukunakekela ama-raspberries ngemuva kobusika, abalimi kufanele bagweme ukumba inhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa ukuze ingalimazi izimpande, ukujula kwayo kungadluli amasentimitha angama-30. Ukumba imigodi kuvunyelwe kuphela ngenkathi yekwindla.
Entwasahlobo, inhlabathi ku-raspberry ifakiwe, okusho ukuthi imbozwe ungqimba lwama-mulch (awugqinsi olungama-15 cm). Njengoba impahla mulching, ungasebenzisa:
- izinsalela zenqolobane;
- humus;
- utshani obolile
- umquba
Inqubo yokufaka mulching kufanele yandulelwe inqubo yokujula (amasentimitha ayishumi) ukujula nokunisela okuningi.
I-mulching ivimbela ukwehla kwesisekelo sangaphansi, inomthelela ekugcinweni kwesikhathi eside komswakama ngaphansi kwezihlahla nokunikezwa kohlelo lwezimpande olunenkimbinkimbi ecebile yezakhi zomzimba. Indlela yokufaka mulching i-contraindicated kuphela maqondana nenhlabathi enomswakama kakhulu: kudingeka kuphela ukuthi athukululwe futhi kufakwe umanyolo.
Uhlelo lwempande le-raspberry luvame ukukhula, luthwebule izindawo ezinkulu. Ukuvimbela le nqubo, kubalulekile ukubopha ama-raspberries. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukumba umucu wensimbi egandayiwe noma uthini ngokuzungeza wonke umkhawulo wayo (ububanzi bendwangu kufanele bube okungenani amasentimitha angamashumi amabili). Ngenxa yalesi sithintelo, i-raspberry izosala isendaweni yayo.
I-raspiberi Garter: Izindlela ze-Stake neTrellis
Iphuzu elibaluleke ngokulinganayo umdwebo ofanele wemivini raspberry. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezigoba ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo zazo. Inqubo izosiza:
- vimbela amahlumela angenasici futhi agobekayo ngaphambi komoya nemvula;
- ukumelana namagatsha amakhulu okuvuna;
- ukuhlinzeka ngamabhasi ngokukhanyisa okuhle;
- yenza ukuvuna kujabulise kakhudlwana (ungahlebi izandla zakho).
Lapho kwakhiwa ama-raspberry esihlahleni, kudonswa isigxobo esiphakathi kwezihlahla ezi-2 nengxenye yesihlahla siboshwe (ukusuka kusiqu ngasinye) kuya esigxotsheni ngasinye. Ngale ndlela yama-garters, kusetshenziselwa ukusulwa kwesinyathelo. Isiqu ngasinye sinqunywa endaweni ephakeme ehlukile - 10-15-20 cm.
Indlela elula, engabizi kakhulu futhi engabizi yokuhlobisa ama-raspberry iyingozi
Uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lwezisekeli yiz trellises. Ungayenza kanjani kahle i-garter:
- Amakholomu ezisekeli ahlanganiswe eceleni komphetho naphakathi komugqa ngamunye.
- Intambo idonswa phakathi kwabo (ukuphakama kwelungu lesiphambano elingaphezulu ngu-100-120 cm, ongaphansi - 60-80 cm).
- Umvini ngamunye awuboshwe ngokuqinile kumalungu wesiphambano ezindaweni ezimbili, esebenzisa i-hemp twine noma imichilo yezicubu ezithambile. Isihlahla esiboshwe kahle kufanele sime sibheke phezulu futhi singawi.
Amakholomu angu-2,2-2,3 ukuphakama ayembiwa ekukhuphukeni kwamamitha ayi-3.5-4.5, ucingo seluliwe phakathi kwawo ukuphakama kwamamitha angama-0.75, 1 no-1.6
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezingadingi i-garter, yile:
- izinhlobo zakuqala zeHussar ezinamajikijolo abomvu;
- Izinhlobo zeTarusa ezinamahlumela ohlobo olujwayelekile;
- ukulungisa ibanga Monomakh Hat;
- Ama-penguin ahlukahlukene ngohlobo olujwayelekile lwesihlahla esingu-1.1-1.4 m ukuphakama;
- Isimangaliso se-Orange esivelisayo ephezulu ngamajikijolo amakhulu egolide.
Ukunisela
Ama-raspberry azwela kakhulu umswakama, kepha asikho isimiso sokunisela esiqinile. Zenziwa ngokuya ngesimo se-raspberry nezimo zesimo sezulu. Ukunisela ikakhulukazi futhi okwanele kuyadingeka kuma-raspberries ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-ovary. Ngokuntuleka kwamanzi, amajikijolo mancane, awomile futhi ayi-bony. Ukunisela kwenziwa kanye ngemisele. Inhlabathi kufanele igcwale amanzi afinyelela ku-cm cm ayi-10 cm. Ekupheleni kokunisela, mulching kuphoqelekile.
Ividiyo: ungayinisela kanjani ama-raspberries kahle futhi kangaki
//youtube.com/watch?v=JYkouEipDYQ
Ngemuva kokuthena, ukhula bese ukhulula inhlabathi, yondla izitshalo futhi uziphathe ezinambuzaneni. Ukuqala kwentwasahlobo isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokufaka umanyolo we-nitrogen enhlabathini. Zilethwa ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa ngaphambi kokuvula inhlabathi. I-nitrogen ikhulisa umkhiqizo futhi ibangela ukukhula nokukhula kwamahlumela anamandla, noma kunjalo, akudingekile ukubafaka ngaphezulu kokujwayelekile.
Kusetshenziswa umanyolo weNitrogen enhlabathini esanda kuncipha futhi engakadedelwa, ukhululwe iqhwa
Ngisakaza i-urea noma i-ammonium nitrate emhlabathini kuze kufike kumagremu ayi-15 ngemitha skwere. m. (leli bhokisi lokuqhathanisa eli-1). Kanye nomanyolo we-nitrogen, ngiletha umlotha, ophinde futhi wenze inhlabathi ingasebenzi.
Ukuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa, ngicubungula izihlahla kanye nenhlabathi engaphansi kwazo ngesisombululo se-1% se-chloride yethusi noma ngisebenzise ingxube ye-3% Bordeaux.
Ngesikhathi sokuvula kwe-bud, ngiqala ukulwa nezilokazane: ama-aphid, imikhaza, inundu le-raspberry bud. Ngicubungula ama-bush neFufanon ngesilinganiso samalitha ama-2 wesisombululo ngesihlahla ngasinye se-10. Ngibuye ngisebenzise amakhambi abantu. Ukuvikela izitshalo kusuka kwizibungu ze-weevil, ngincibilikisa izipuni ezi-5 zikafulawa wesinaphi nge-10 wamalitha amanzi, ngigcizelele amahora angama-10-12 bese ngifafaza izihlahla ngalokhu.
Amanani omanyolo wezimbiwa aqala ku-60-80 g / sq. m
Lapho unakekela ama-raspberry, kubalulekile ukuvimba inhlabathi ukuthi ingoma, ngakho entwasahlobo inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ifakwe ngotshani, i-peat noma i-sawdust enengqimba efinyelela ku-20 cm. Ungasebenzisa i-spanbond emnyama kulokhu. Ngaphezu kokugcina umswakama enhlabathini, ukusebenza okulula okunjalo kukuvumela:
- gcina ukushisa kwenhlabathi okuhlala njalo;
- nciphisa inani lokhula nezithombo, zivimbele ekugqobhozeni ekukhanyeni;
- ukuvikela amahlahla ezinambuzaneni ebusika enhlabathini;
- thola ama-raspberries owengeziwe umsoco.
Amahlamvu okusajingijolo afakwe kumanyolo we-organic: umquba wotshani, i-humus noma umquba we-peat
Nakekela ama-raspberry amasha
Ku-raspberries, izithelo zenzeka ngonyaka wesibili, kuthi owokuqala - amahlumela akhule kuphela. Ukukhula okusha futhi kudinga ukulungiswa ukwakheka kahle kwesihlahla, ukusika amahlumela angeziwe ukuhlinzeka isihlahla ngokushintshana komoya okujwayelekile, ukukhanya okwanele nokudla okwanele esikhathini esizayo.
Ngendlela ehlathini yokutshala ama-raspberries, nginqume amahlumela amasha omnyaka wokuqala ngama-secateurs ukuphakama okungama-40-50 cm, futhi esihlahleni ngishiya ama-5-6 amahlumela amakhulu kakhulu futhi aphile kakhulu ngonyaka odlule. I-pruner yami ihlala ibukhali, icutshungulwa nekhambi le-potanganum permanganate ukuvikela ukutheleleka ekungeneni izilayi.
Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo zokulungisa, amajikijolo atholakala amahlumela amasha onyakeni wokuqala ekwindla. Uma ngaphambi kobusika kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuncipha kwengxenye yomoya emazingeni enhlabathi futhi ufuna ukuthola eyodwa kuphela, kepha isivuno esikhulu, khona-ke entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula, zonke iziqu kufanele zisuswe. Lapho amahlumela akhula ngo-30-40 cm, kwenziwa okujwayelekile - kwenziwa ama-5-6 kuphela amahlumela athuthukiswe kakhulu esihlahleni ngasinye. Ama-tweezers, noma izikhonkwane amahlumela aluhlaza, awenziwa ukulungisa izinhlobo.
Ividiyo: ukugqoka okusajingijolo
Ukunakekelwa okusajingijhi okuphuzi
Amajikijolo ama-raspberry aphuzi ayisiquphe sabantu esibangelwa yizithelo ezibomvu. Izinhlobonhlobo zama-raspberry aphuzi ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kepha kulinywe ama-raspberries aphuzi nabomvu akukho mehluko omkhulu.
I-raspberry eluhlaza isihlahla esingamelana neqhwa kakhulu, sibonakaliswa yi-whimsicality ephansi kanye nokukhuthazela okwandayo.
Ungayinakekela kanjani ama-raspberries amnyama
Izithelo ze-raspberry emnyama zingokwelapha, umphumela wazo we-anticarcinogenic ufakazelwe. Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokutshala, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukugqoka ngaphezulu, ukuvikelwa ezinambuzaneni nasezifo kuzofana nakumajikijolo abomvu. Noma kunjalo, kukhona umehluko:
- ama-raspberries amnyama anohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande;
- yakha inzalo ezimbalwa kakhulu;
- izihlahla aziqambi amanga.
ICumberland Raspberry Okuhlukahlukene iyi-hybrid yama-raspberries kanye namajikijolo
Ukuze ama-raspberries amnyama entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukwakha izihlahla ngokufanele. Ngemuva kokukhula kwamahlumela amancane aminyaka yonke kuya ku-0.5 m, sinquma izihloko zazo ngo-10 cm, khona-ke ekwindla azokwakha amahlumela aphezulu. Amagatsha abuthakathaka wangonyaka odlule anqunywa esisekelweni, futhi aqine adinga ukuncishiswa, ashiye kuphela ama-4-5 efihlekile.
Ividiyo: izihlahla zasentwasahlobo ze-Cumberland raspberries ezimnyama
Izici zokunakekelwa okusajingijolo entwasahlobo ezifundeni
Ngenxa yokungaqondakali kwayo, ama-raspberries akhula ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Umsebenzi owenziwa abafuyi bezithelo ubonise umhlaba onobuhle obumangalisayo bomhlaba wonke, oqinile, ozinzile futhi okhiqizayo. Noma kunjalo, kungcono ukhethe izinhlobo z raspberry ezihlanganisiwe kanye nzalo yokutshala.
Ukunakekelwa okusajingijolo kwentwasahlobo eBelarus
Isimo sezulu eBelarus siyisimo sezulu esishisayo, kanye namazinga okushisa amancane, okuvumela ukuthi ungagobisi izihlahla ezi-raspberry ebusika. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo wokunakekela ama-raspberries ungaqala ngokushesha ngokuthena nokugqoka okuphezulu. Isikhathi semisebenzi le siyahlukahluka emasontweni ama-2-3 phakathi kweningizimu yezwe kanye nenyakatho. Ngakho-ke, esifundeni saseVitebsk (enyakatho impela eBelarus), ukusebenza nama-raspberries kuqala ngo-Ephreli, naseningizimu ngoMashi. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga, kubalulekile ukubheka umswakama womhlabathi futhi, uma kunesidingo, nisela izihlahla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kuyadingeka ukwenza izengezo ekugqokeni okuphezulu kwezihlahla ezi-raspberry. Inhlabathi yaseBelarus ayinikezwanga ngokwanele ngezinto zokulandela umkhondo, ikakhulukazi i-boron, isibabule kanye ne-zethusi. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokulandela kufanele zengezwe ekugqokeni kwentwasahlobo.
Ukuze ngenzele ukuntuleka kwama-micro- and macrocell, ngisebenzisa umanyolo wama-sitrobheli nama-raspberries uZdorov Turbo, okungaphezu kwalokho, awunayo i-chlorine. Ebhakede lamanzi elinomthamo we-10 l ngitshala amagremu ayi-15 womanyolo bese ngiwunisela izikhathi ezimbili ngenyanga kuze kube nokuqhakaza. Ubusika bonke ngiqoqa amaqanda amaqanda bese kuthi entwasahlobo ngendlela echobozekile ngixube nomlotha. Ngisebenzisa le ngxube yokugqoka kokuqala kwentwasahlobo yokuqala futhi nginciphise i-acidity yenhlabathi. Ngibuye ngisebenzise umlotha ukuvikela ama-raspberries ezifweni: ngithela amagremu angama-300 kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, ngigcizelela amahora angama-5-6 futhi, ngifaka amagremu ayi-100 esepha lokuwasha elingelulwanga, ngifafaze izitshalo.
Esifundeni esiphakathi neRussia, ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba
Isimo sezulu kanye nezimo zaseRussia maphakathi zilungele ama-raspberries akhula. Ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo kwesitshalo kulesi sifunda akuvezi lutho olukhethekile futhi kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaMashi.
Ividiyo: Ukunakekelwa okusajingijolo entwasahlobo endaweni encane ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha
E-Urals naseSiberia
Isimo sezulu saseSiberia nase-Urals sibi ikakhulukazi, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo ezihlahleni zamarpberry uqala ngo-Ephreli kuphela. Ngaphambi kokushisa kwasebusuku kusethwe cishe ku-zero, futhi izinga lokushisa lasemini lisuka ku-2 liye ku-8 degrees Celsius, akufanelekile ukuvula izihlahla ngemuva kobusika. Ngaphambi kokuba izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lisebenze ngenhla kwe-zero, izitshalo azigobeki, kepha inhlabathi isivele ivuliwe ukuze ifudumale futhi kuqala nezakhi zezimpande. Ukufafaza okuncane kwamaconsi kwezihlahla kungenziwa, ngenkathi izitshalo zingabekezelela kangcono ukubanda kwamaqhwa. Ukuqala ukukhula kwamahlumela, izitshalo zimbozwa ngezinto zokumboza ezimnyama. Wake ama-raspberries ngesikhathi - lokhu kuyimfihlo yokukhula le berry eSiberia nase-Urals.
Ngokufanele nangesikhathi, lapho usuqedile wonke umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo ukunakekela ama-raspberries, uzokwakha izihlahla eziqinile, ezinempilo, uthole isivuno esikhulu bese unikela esivunweni esivunweni sonyaka olandelayo. Umuthi wanamuhla ubheka ama-raspberries njenge-elixir yezempilo nokuphila isikhathi eside, futhi ukunambitheka okuhle kwamajikijolo kushiya akekho onganaki. Thatha umzamo othile entwasahlobo ukujabulela amajikijolo anempilo futhi amnandi.
