I-Murraya iyisidlakela esishisayo, ithandwa kakhulu ezweni lethu, esinezimpande egumbini. Isitshalo asijabulisi kuphela ngomqhele omuhle nezimbali, sinikeza izithelo ezidliwayo. Izingxenye ezahlukahlukene ze-murraya zisetshenziselwa futhi ukulungisa amakhambi ezifo eziningi, okungenye isizathu sokuthola lobu buhle obuhlaza. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo yiJapan, lapho ibisetshenziselwa khona umhlobiso wezingadi amakhulu eminyaka ambalwa. Ungenza ingadi yesitayela saseJapan ekhaya noma ku-greenhouse. Kwanele ukwazi izimfihlo ezimbalwa ezilula, khona-ke ukunakekela uMurray ngeke kube nzima.
Incazelo yeBotanical
UMurraya isihlahla saphakade esihlala njalo somndeni wakwaRutov. Uhlobo luvame eJapan, eNdiya naseziqhingini zaseMalay. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lesi sitshalo sithande ukukhuphuka phezulu emadwaleni.
Ama-murrayas angaphakathi endlini enza isimo se-shrub noma ukuphakama kwesihlahla kusuka ku-30 cm kuye ku-1.5 m. Amahlumela ambozwe ngegxolo elibushelelezi eliphuzi. Amagatsha Amancanyana agcina ukuqina isikhathi eside futhi agobile kalula. Amaqabunga Petiole aluhlaza okotshani. Amahlamvu e-pinnate aqukethe izabelo ezi-5-11. Ububanzi bamaqabunga bufinyelela ku-12 cm. Ipuleti leqabunga le-ovalvate noma i-obovate linemiphetho ebushelelezi futhi ligobe kancane eceleni komthambo ophakathi nendawo. Ubukhulu be-lobe eyodwa buyi-1-5 cm ubude nobubanzi obuyi-0.5-6 cm.
Ezimweni ezinhle, amaMurraya aqhakaza kabili ngonyaka. Ukwethusana kwe-inflorescences kuqhakaza eziqongweni zamahlumela amancane. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlotshiswe ngezimbali nezithelo unyaka wonke. Lesi sitshalo sathola igama lesibili "i-orange jasmine" ngesimo sezimbali zalo nephunga elimnandi. I-corolla inezinhlobo ezi-5 ezimhlophe, ububanzi bayo buyi-1-1,5 cm. Amacembe amade avuleke kakhulu, kanti nezibalo zethelevishini zivela esikhungweni.
Ngemuva kokuvota, izithelo ziyakhiwa - amajikijolo abomvu noma amnyama oblong. Zivutha kungakapheli izinyanga ezi-4 ngemuva kokuqhakaza. I-berry ngalinye liqukethe imbewu engu-1-2. Ubude bezithelo, obumbozwe ngesikhumba esigaxekile, esikhanyayo, bungama-8-20 mm. Izithelo zezinhlobo eziningi zeMurraya ziyadliwa.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
Uhlobo lweMurraya liqukethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili, kepha ezweni lethu kuphela ezimbalwa zazo ezitholakala.
UMurraya paniculata (exotic, panic). Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuqashelwa ngabatshali bezimbali njengento enhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke ithandwa kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo siyisihlahla esivuthayo esikhula ngokushesha. Emvelweni wemvelo, ukuphakama kwawo kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-3. Amaqabunga ama-oval aluhlaza afinyelela ku-15 cm ubude atholakala kulo lonke ubude bez amahlumela. Izimbali ziningi, ama-inflorescence amakhulu e-corymbose aqhakaza eziqongweni zamagatsha amasha. Ngemuva kokuvota, kuvela amajikijolo abomvu we-orange. Inyama yabo ine ukunambitheka okukhulu kosawoti. Izinhlobo:
- IMinima - isihlahla esincane sezimbali esinokuphakama okungama-40-60 cm sisetshenziselwa ukwakha i-bonsai;
- Min-a-min - izihlahlana ezinomqhele omnyama kuze kufike ku-1 m ukuphakama;
- I-Dwarf Compact - izihlahla ezincane ezinobude obungu-10-15 cm ezinamaqabunga afinyelela ku-5 mm ubukhulu.
UMurraya Koenig (Aronia). Isihlahla noma isihlahla esifushane salolu hlobo emvelweni sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amathathu. Amahlamvu kanye namahlumela anephunga elimnandi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuvame ukufakwa esikhundleni sawo sokukhalipha okwenziwe ngesithelo. Lesi sitshalo saziwa nangokuthi "umuthi we-curry." Ama-inflorescence amakhulu e-corymbose aqukethe izimbali ezimnandi ezinamakha. Ngemuva kokuvota, amajikijolo amnyama aboshwa. Izithelo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene azidli.
I-Murray propagation
UMurraya usakaza kalula futhi akadingi mzamo omkhulu. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezibalulekile zalokhu: imbewu kanye nohlaza.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Imbewu ilahlekelwa ukuqhuma kwazo ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuthi uyihlwanyele masisha ngemuva kokuvunwa. Uma udinga ukuthumela imbewu noma ukuyigcina isikhashana, lokhu kwenziwa kahle amajikijolo. Izithelo zomiswe kancane futhi zigcinwe ezikhwameni zamaphepha. Ngemuva kokuhlanza uginindela, kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza izitshalo ngokushesha. Ukutshala, kubekwa amabhodwe esihlabathi kanye nenani elincane lomhlaba wensimu. Imbewu zijule ngo-5-10 mm bese zishiywe endaweni ekhanyayo emazingeni okushisa ka- + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, cishe yonke imbewu entsha izohluma. Izitshalo zikhula ngentshiseko. Ngokuqala kwamaqabunga angempela ama-2, atshalwa kabusha kumabhodwe ahlukile ngaphandle kokukhetha. Izinhlobo ze-dwarf zikhiqiza ama-buds ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-6, kepha ukuqhuma kwama-murraya ajwayelekile noma amaDashi ngeminyaka engama-7 000.
Ukusika kwe-midzi Ukusika kuyakhandleka futhi akuphumeleli kangako. Kufanele ulinde kuze kuphele izimbali noma ukhethe amagatsha ngaphandle kwamahlamvu. Ukuze ukhiqizwe kabusha, amahlumela anonyaka owodwa olinganayo onamaqabunga angama-2-3 kufanele asikwe. Ukuqedwa okungaphansi kwezihlahla ezisikiwe kuphathwa ngezimpande futhi kugxilile enhlabathini enomanzi yesihlabathi se-peat noma emanzini. Ukuvimbela isitshalo ukuthi singakhuphi umswakama omningi kakhulu, simbozwa ngethulu esobala. I-Rooting yenziwa egumbini elikhanyayo elinokushisa komoya kwe + 26 ... + 30 ° C. Inqubo ihlala izinyanga eziyi-1-2. Lapho isitshalo sinezimpande nezithombo ezincane, indawo yokukhosela isuswa kancane kancane. Udinga ukujwayela izithombo ukuvula umoya ngaphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-1-2.
Ukulima nokunakekela
Ukunakekela uMurraya kudinga umzamo omncane, kuzoba ngumphathi wezimbali ngisho nangolwazi oluncane.
Isibani Isitshalo sithanda ilanga, sikhula kahle futhi siqhakaza kuphela emagumbini akhanyiselwe kahle. Amahlumela ajwayele ukuphendula ukukhanya kwelanga. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sezulu esishisa kakhulu, kunconywa ukufakwa egumbini egumbini eliningi noma ukubeka imbiza ye-murraya ngemuva kwegumbi. Ebusika, ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe ngama-phytolamp kungadingeka ukunikeza amahora we-12-14 wehora lesikhathi sasemini.
Ukushisa UMurraya akadingi ukwehlisa ukushisa ngobusika ebusika nangesikhathi sokuphumula. Inkomba efanelekile yesitshalo esidala ingu-18 ... + 25 ° C unyaka wonke. Ehlobo, ungabeka amabhodwe emoyeni omusha, kepha ungakhohlwa ukuvikela izitshalo ezilingakashini nasekubhodleni okubandayo. UMurraya uphendula kunoma yiziphi izimo ezimbi ngokuchitha izimbali namaqabunga.
Umswakama. Imbali ivumelane kalula nomswakama ongaphakathi komoya futhi ingakhula ngokujwayelekile ngisho nangesikhathi sokushisa. Ubuye abone ukufafaza nokugeza. Kubalulekile ukuthi amaconsi amanzi angawaqoqi ezimbali. Uma uketshezi lukhuni kakhulu, kungavela amabala amabi emaqabungeni.
Ukunisela. I-Murray kuzodingeka iniselwe kaningi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Umhlaba kufanele womile kuphela phezu komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi amanzi awagxili emhlabathini. Uketshezi kufanele luhlanzwa kahle, luthambe futhi lube nokushisa kwegumbi.
Umanyolo. Ukondla kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokuqapha. Lesi sitshalo sihlangabezana kabi nokudlula kwaso. Izinto ezi-organic kanye ne-mineral complexes ziyahlukahluka. Kufakwa umquba enhlabathini ngohlobo oluwuketshezi njalo ngenyanga. Ungasebenzisa izingoma ezikhethekile ze-bonsai. Kuzo, ama-micro- macroelements akhethwe kahle.
Ukufakelwa UMurray kufanele atshalwe kabusha njalo eminyakeni engama-1-3. Lapho isitshalo sisincane, kuvame ukwenziwa inqubo. I-rhizome emincane iyazwela kunoma yimuphi umonakalo, isuka ijule ngokwanele, ngakho-ke ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngokudluliselwa. Kubalulekile ukuvikela ukujula kwentamo yezimpande. Imbiza ikhethiwe ijule futhi ibanzi kancanyana kunangaphambili. Phansi kwethangi, amatshe, amatshe shards noma izitini zezitini zihlala zibekwa.
Inhlabathi. Umhlabathi wokutshala iMurraya kumele ukhululeke, ube nomsoco futhi ube nokungathathi hlangothi. Ungathenga ingxube yenhlabathi ye-citrus esitolo noma uzenzele yona kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- umhlabathi we-turf;
- inhlabathi eshidi;
- i-humus eqondile;
- isihlabathi.
Ingxenye yesihlabathi iyanda lapho kutshalwa izitshalo ezincane.
Izihlahla. Kusukela esemncane, uMurray kufanele aphinwe ukuze athole umqhele obukhulu. Izinhlobo ze-Miniature azidingi izihlahla ezijwayelekile, kepha ngokuvamile ziyakubekezelela ukubumba. Ukusuka kubo ungakha izihlahla ezinhle ze-bonsai. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kufanele zisikwe kaningi, kungenjalo isitshalo singadlula ubukhulu bekamelo. Kunconywa ukushiya amagatsha anamathambo, kanye namahlumela amancane okususa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izifo nezinambuzane. Ngokunakekelwa okungafanele, uMurraya uhlushwa yi-chlorosis futhi uthola ukubola kwezimpande. Zonke izindawo ezonakele kufanele zincishiswe bese kuphathwa ukhunta. Izimuncagazi zezitshalo akuvamile ukuhlasela. Imvamisa, izibungu zesicabucabu, isikali, izimpungushe, ama-aphid noma ama-nematode zitholakala. Ukwelashwa kwezinambuzane kusiza ngokumelene nezinambuzane.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-murraya
Engadini nasekhaya. Imbiza ene-murraya eqhakaza izoba ngumhlobiso omuhle wekamelo, futhi isihlahla esikhulu sizogcwalisa ukwakhiwa kwengadi. Kodwa-ke, amaMurrayas awabusika emgwaqweni, awanakukwazi impela ukubamba iqhwa futhi kupholile kakhulu. I-murraya yangaphakathi izogcwalisa igumbi ngephunga elimnandi. Izitshalo zaziwa nangokuthi abahlanza umoya kakhulu.
Emithini yabantu Izici zokuphilisa zikaMurraya bezaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Izithelo zinothile ngamavithamini nama-antioxidants. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kusiza ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki, ukulondolozwa kwentsha futhi kuvume ukwakheka kwegazi. Ama-decoctions nezitsha ezinamajikijolo akwaMurray enza ngokwejwayelekile amazinga kashukela wegazi, asize ekulweni nomfutho wegazi ophakeme futhi aqinise nemisipha yenhliziyo. Kodwa amaqabunga kanye namahlumela amasha anezindawo zokuphola nezokuphulukisa. I-decoction yeshidi elilodwa nje isetshenziselwa ukugeza nge-stomatitis. Kusuka esifweni sinye amaqabunga asizayo ayasiza. Futhi, i-decoction yayo isetshenziselwa i-gastritis, i-tonsillitis kanye nezinyo.
Ekuphekeni. Ngaphezu kwamajikijolo ngokwawo, angadliwa aluhlaza noma ongezwe ezitsheni ezimnandi, kusetshenziswa amaqabunga esihlahla se-curry. Kuthosiwe emafutheni, kufakwa enyameni enziwe inyama, amasobho, izitshulu nezinhlanzi. Ngenhlanzi nezinhlanzi zasolwandle lapho isithokelo sihle kakhulu. Ukudla okunesengezo okunjalo kuthola iphunga elikhethekile nokunambitheka okumnandi. Ama-Buds angasetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa itiye.
Ku-cosmetology. Amafutha asuselwa eMurray ajwayelekile kakhulu. Bafakwa ukhilimu, i-shampoo, i-balm, kanye namalambu wephunga lokuhogela umoya opholile. Izinkuni ezihlanganisiwe zisetshenziselwa ukwenza njengommese wokugeza nokuhlanza ubuso nezinye izitho zomzimba.
