Ukutshala utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa, ungagcwalisa ukuvuthwa kwangaphambilini, futhi unciphise ingozi yokufa kwezitshalo kusuka eziqhumeni nasezifo ezifubeni. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nokutshala imifino esitsheni sokushisa kudinga izinyathelo zokwenza izimo ezinhle kakhulu. Ukunambitha utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa - Lena yindlela yokwelapha edingekayo ukusheshisa inqubo yokuvuthwa isitshalo nokwandisa inani lalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa akusizuzisi nje kuphela imifino, kodwa futhi kusiza ukulima nokuzinakekela. Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu ngokwemibandela yobuningi kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ezinye izici zokuxhuma okufanele. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka indlela ongayigcoba ngayo utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa ukuze kufinyelele isivuno esihle.
Kungani kuqubuzela utamatisi
Yiqiniso, utamatisi ungakhula ngaphandle kokuxubha, umbuzo owodwa kuphela ukuthi ukulima okunjalo kuzokukhiqiza kanjani. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganiswa kuyisembozo sombuso womhlabathi nezitshalo zezitshalo zemvelaphi ephilayo noma yokufakelwa ukuze kulawulwe inqubo ye-saturation yenhlabathi nge-oksijini nomswakama.
Ngakho, Utamatisi ngaphansi kwe-mulch ivikelwe ekumiseni umhlabathi ongaphezululapho kuhlanganiswa khona isikhumba esingenasici esiphazamisa ukujikeleza kwe-air. Kodwa izinzuzo ze-mulching akukhona lokho kuphela. Cabangela okuyinhloko Izinzuzo zalesi senzakalo se-agrotechnical:
- isendlalelo se-mulch, ehlanganisa umhlaba ngaphansi kwetamatisi, ayivumeli ilanga eliqondile, livimbele ukuhluma kokhula okulimaza imifino;
- Uma kuhlanganiswa utshani ngotshani noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo, isilawuli esingaphansi sanyamalala kancane kancane, sidliwa futhi siqhutshwe yizibungu, ngaleyo ndlela sakha ama-humus futhi sifaka umquba emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, ungenza ngaphandle kwamanyolo engeziwe noma unciphise inani lawo.
- ngaphansi kwe-mulch, umswakama womhlabathi uhlala isikhathi eside, ungqimba lwaso oluphezulu alumile ngemuva kokunisela. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba lula ukunakekelwa kokutshala utamatisi, ukuqeda isidingo esiningi sokunisela nokukhulula inhlabathi;
- i-mulch for utamatisi ku-greenhouse ivimbela ukukhuphuka komswakama kusuka emhlabathini. Njengoba ziphuziswa ngokweqile futhi kaningi, endaweni ehlanganisiwe, amanzi aphuphuma ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka, okulimaza utamatisi futhi kunomthelela ekwakheni phytophthora nezinye izifo.
- i-mulching ilula indlela yokwehlisa utamatisi, njengoba ukugeleza kwamanzi akukhiphi umhlabathi ongaphezulu;
- ngaphansi kwe-mulch, ukuvuthwa kuphuthuma futhi kwandisa ukwanda.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu, funda ngezici zokulima izinhlobo ze-utamatisi: Pepper, Batyana, Honey drop, Katya, Marina Grove.
Izinhlobo ze-mulch
Izinto zokwakha zokugcina izitshalo, kubandakanya utamatisi, zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: izinto ezivela emvelweni kanye nezingubo ezikhethekile, ezikhiqizwa imboni. Ngezansi sibheka ngokucophelela lokho okungahlanganiswa utamatisi ku-greenhouse, izinzuzo nokuqeda ukusebenzisa izinto ezahlukene.
I-Organic
Izinto zokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo zithandwa nge-tomat mulchc kunokwakheka, kusukela kuwo wonke umlotha wemvelo ngonyaka, ngaphezu komsebenzi wayo oyinhloko, wenza omunye umsebenzi obalulekile. Kancane kancane ukubola, i-organic matter iphenduka i-humus futhi iba umanyolo owengeziwe wotamatisi. Uhlobo lwezinto zokwakha lubuye lubone ukuthi yimaphi ama-microelements asondla inhlabathi, ngakho-ke, ungakhetha okufanele kakhulu.
Hayi noma utshani, umquba, i-humus, i-peat, i-shavings, i-sawdust, i-crark encane yomuthi, amaqabunga omile, izinaliti, okusanhlamvu kanye nezinhlanzi zembewu, ukhula oluncane olukhula ukhula olungazange luveze imbewu, kanye namakhadibhodi namaphephandaba afanelekile njengombhoshongo ophilayo.
Uhlobo njengendwangu yamatshe kuyisici esihle kakhulu esisebenzisayo ku-greenhouse. Uhlaka lwesithombo 10-15 cm ubukhulu bungavumela utamatisi ezifweni ezifana nebala lebala, ukubola kokuqala, i-anthracnose. I-straw kahle idlula umoya-mpilo ukuze isuse izimpande, ngakho-ke i-insulator ephakeme kakhulu yokushisa. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile ukubhekwa komquba wendwangu, njengoba amagundane noma izinambuzane ezinambuzane zingaphila khona.
Ukhula utshani noma ukhula olunokhula olunokhula olungazange lube nesikhathi sokwenza imbewu lufanelekile njengelinye ilanga. Kubalulekile ukuthatha ungqimba okwanele lwotshani ukuze emva kokuxazulula ukuphakama okungenani ama-5 cm asele. I-mulch efana naleyo kuzodingeka ibuyekezwe kaningi, njengoba utshani bubola ngokushesha. Kodwa enotshani obuningilazo kunezinzuzo zayo: inhlabathi izobe isondliwa njalo nge-nitrogen kanye ne-trace elements.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokuba utamatisi omuncu uhlume utshani nokhula omncane, kuyadingeka ukuba uwomise elangeni ukuze unciphise izinambuzane ezinambuzane. Uma kungenjalo, bayothuthela kumatamatisi.Indawo yokubamba utamatisi evela ezintweni zehlathi iwusizo kakhulu. I-mulch enjalo ayivikela kuphela ukhula, futhi iyomisa inhlabathi, kodwa iphinde igcwalise izitshalo ezinamagciwane kanye nama-bacteria anenzuzo. Ngakho-ke, labo abangabaza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba umquba wezitamatisi ngezinaliti, kumele ngempela athole ithuba lokungena ehlathini futhi alungise lolu hlobo lwe-mulch kanye nomanyolo ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ngalolu daba, izinto ezifanelekile ezivela emahlathini axutshwe nama-coniferous. Izinkuni ezihlanganisa izinkuni (sawdust, amagxolo) zinamandla kunemifino, ngakho-ke ihlala isikhathi eside futhi igcina umswakama kangcono. I-wood bark eqoshiwe isetshenziselwa imifino yezihlahla zemifino nezithelo zezithelo, kanye nemifino ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Uma uhlangana nge-woody material udinga ukulandela imithetho elula:
- sebenzisa kuphela izinto ezenziwe ngomuthi omile;
- uhlaka lwe-sawdust noma igxolo elichotshoziwe ngobukhulu obuyi-8 cm kumele lithelwe nge-5% isixazululo se-urea;
- ukuvimbela i-oxidation yenhlabathi, ukusabalalisa isikhala noma i-lime e-slaked phezu kwendwangu yesikhwama semboza;
Kubuye kuphumelele kumatamatisi omuncu ku-greenhouse usebenzisa umquba, ongakulungiswa kunoma yiluphi udoti olungaqedwa. Esikhathini eside, ukhula, imfucuza yasendlini, iphepha elidala, i-hay, nezinye izinto eziphilayo ziba ingxube efanele yokudla imifino, kubandakanya utamatisi. Ukuze uthole utamatisi obomvu, ungqimba lwe-compost 3 cm lwanele.
Kungcono ukuxuba umquba ngezinye izinhlobo ze-mulch, njengoba kusetshenziselwa ngokushesha izimpethu. Ukunciphisa utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa ngamaphephandaba nakho kusebenza kahle, ngoba iphepha liyizinkuni eziye zacutshungulwa. Ukwenza lokhu, ungasebenzisa amaphephandaba amnyama, amhlophe, ambala, aphethwe ngaphambili futhi agubungele ukutshala okwenziwe ububanzi obungqimba ngamasentimitha angaba ngu-15. Ukunciphisa okunjalo kunomthelela ekufudumeni komhlabathi futhi kuzohlala isikhathi eside kunezinye izinto.
Okungahleliwe
Ukunakekela utamatisi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kukhona izinto zokwakha ezikhethekile, isibonelo, i-Agrotex. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abaningi abanolwazi bacabanga ukuthenga izinto ezinjengokuchitha imali, ngoba bayashintshwa ngempumelelo yi-polyethylene, i-burlap, njll Cabangela indlela yokugcoba kahle utamatisi ngosizo lwezinto zokufakelwa.
Izinto ezihleliwe zinenzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kwezinto eziphilayo ngoba zingakwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu: inkathi yonke, noma emibili, nantathu. Ngenxa yethonya lokushisa, elenziwe ngezinto zokufakelwa, utamatisi ukhula futhi uthuthuke ngokwengeziwe.
Uma uhlangana ngefilimu, udinga ukukhetha okulungile. Ifilimu ye-tomato i-mulch kufanele ibe ebomvu, i-opaque futhi ikwazi ukuvimbela ukuhluma kokhula. Kubalulekile ukumboza utamatisi ngefilimu ngokuqinile, lokhu kuzovumela ukwandisa izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi nge-1-2 degrees. Lolu hlobo lwe-mulching lufanelekile ngenkathi ebandayo. Ehlobo, ifilimu kufanele isuswe ukuze igweme ukushisa komhlaba.
Kuyathandwa kakhulu ukukhula ezindlini zokugcina izithombo: pepper elimnandi, ukhukhamba, ama-eggplant, ama-strawberries.
Utamatisi ungahlanganiswa ngento engavunyelwe, enesakhiwo esiyingozi futhi idlula umswakama nomoya. I-mulch efana naleyo izosebenza ku-greenhouse kusukela eminyakeni emi-3 ukuya kweyesihlanu, ivikela utamatisi ezivela ezinambuzane kanye nokuvela kwezifo ze-fungal. Ukukhipha okukodwa kwalolu khetho kuyindleko ephezulu yento.
Okungeke kuhlanganiswe utamatisi ku-greenhouse
Ungathathi imamatamatisi nge-ruberoid. Nakuba kungumthombo othembekile futhi oqinile ongavumeli ekukhanyeni futhi ungavumeli ukhula luhlume, i-ruberoid iyingozi. Lokhu kungathinta kakhulu inhlabathi nokuvuna esizayo.
Kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu kumatamatisi kuya emathinini nge peat ehlanzekile, ngoba kakhulu oxidizes inhlabathi. Uma usebenzisa i-peat, kufanele uyixube ne-compost noma ezinye izinto ezenza ukuthi i-asidi yehlabathi ingabi nciphisa.
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu senqubo
Ukwazi ukuthi ungamathafaza kanjani utamatisi kahle endaweni yokushisa, kufanele futhi ukhethe isikhathi esifanele salokhu. Kuncike ekutheni i-greenhouse iyashisa noma cha. Uma ukushisa okushisa kubutha, kungenzeka ukuthi umquba utamatisi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, njengoba kudingeka. Esikhathini sokushisa okungasetshenzisiwe, kudingeke ukuba umhlabathi ufudumale kuphela emva kokuba umhlabathi ushubile ngokwanele futhi usongo lweqhwa seludlulile.
Ubuchwepheshe obunamathemikhali buxhomeke kulolu hlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo. I-mulch ehambayo neyomzimba ihlanganiswe ngendwangu yamamitha amaningana emkhatsini wezitshalo, ishiya isikhala esincane esiseduze nesitembu samahhala sokunisela. Uma izinto ezisetshenziswayo zisetshenzisiwe, zisakazwa embhedeni, futhi ezindaweni lapho kuhlelwe khona ukutshala utamatisi, kwenziwa ukusika okwenziwe ngokomzimba. Ngemva kwalokho, izithombo zitshalwe ekusikeni futhi ziphuze.
