I-vanilla Orchid, igama lesayense elithi Vanílla, lingelona uhlobo lwama-lianas okusetshenziswa emndenini wasendulo we-Orchid. Kusukela kulesi sihloko, ungathola ukuthi i-Vanilla Orchid ikuphi, incazelo yayo eningiliziwe kanye nomlando walokho okwenzekayo, umehluko ovela kwezinye izinhlobo nokuxhaswa kwama-orchid ama-vanilla, uma iqhakaza nokuthi ingayinakekela kanjani, nokuthi ingasakaza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izifo nezinambuzane ezingaba khona.
Kuyini lesi sitshalo?
Imbali ingokwama-epiphytes - ngenxa yesakhiwo se-knotted stem, ihlanganiswa kalula nezihlahla, iziqu. Kukhona nezinhlobo zasemhlabeni we-vanilla orchid ezikhulayo ezindaweni ezishisayo zomhlaba. Imbali ibizwa nangokuthi i-Orchid Vanilla ngenxa yezithelo, ezenziwa emva kokushintshwa zibe yi-spice eyaziwayo. Ngenhloso yezimboni, le mbali ikhule ngokukhethekile e-Indonesia, eMadagascar, esiqhingini esishisayo saseReunion. Isithelo yibhokisi elenziwe nge-pod.
Incazelo eningiliziwe
Ngokwemvelo, i-vanilla orchid igxile emaqenjini angaphambi kwehlamvu. Njengoba ikhula ngokushesha, imbali endala inezinhlamvu ezinama-curly ende. Ubude be-stem bufinyelela ku-20-25 m ubude. Kuzo zonke iziqu kukhona ama-nodes enza ama-root roots. Amaqabunga ayesibhakabhakeni, i-lanceolate, isikhumba, isikhumba esakhiweni. Ubude bekhasi leqabunga liyi-15 - 18 cm. Amaqabunga akhula ngokuhlukile, aphikisana. Ekhaya, njengoba umthetho, izithelo azivuthi.
Umlando we
E-Italy, eSpain, i-orchid yama-vanilla yaziwa ngaphambili kwekhulu le-16. I-liana yaseTropical yasungulwa eYurophu kamuva, ngekhulu le-19. Esikhathini sezinhlanzi zanamuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 zalesi simbali. Izinhlobonhlobo eziboshwe zilungiswa ukuze zikhule ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Izinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-vanilla orchid zakha amabhokisi amnandi - izithelo.
Izitshalo ze-vanilla zesiTahiti neVestindia zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukupheka, kodwa futhi nge-perfume.
Uyini umehluko kwezinye izinhlobo?
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-orchid ne-vanilla kusuka kwamanye ama-orchid - izinga lokukhula kweziqu. Lezi zihlukahlukene yi-liana - isitshalo esiphakeme, esikhuphuka kakhulu - esingapheliyo. Futhi, ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo zitshalwe ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni izinongo. Isibonelo, i-vanilla e-flat-leaf ayikhuli kuphela emahlathini aseMexico nasePanama, kodwa futhi iyalinywa ngokugcwele eMadagascar naseSychelles.
I-vanilla orchid iyi-liana egcina amanzi ngeziqu., njengabameleli abaningi abathandekayo.
I-orchid yama-vanilla yonyaka owodwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele inikeza ukwanda okungakahle. Iziqu zikhula ngama-50 - 100 cm.
U-Vanilla-type subsorts kanye nezithombe zabo
Plate Flat (Vanilla planifolia)
Ishidi elithambile - uhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu, olulungiswa kahle nezimo zasekhaya. Ikhulile njengesiko esingaphakathi noma esikuhlaza. Blossom iningi, elimnandi. Izimbali ngokwazo ziluphuzi ophuzi, ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ngokuhlukile. Izimbali zide, kufika emavikini amathathu kuya ku-4. Izithelo zivuthwe ngama-pods amade. Ama-pods akhula ngamaqembu, kuze kube yizingcezu ezingu-7 kuya ku-9.
I-Lemon iyaqhuma
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-vanilla. Iqukethe izimpande ezinde, zidala ama-tropical, ngisho nezimo zokuhlala. Izimpande zengaphakathi zine-tint grayishish. Amaqabunga ayinkulu, ayinyama, aluhlaza okomnyama. Iphepha leshidi linesimo se-elliptical. Izimbali ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomthunzi welamula. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwakha uhlelo oluyisisekelo esinamandla.
Izimbali
Nini futhi kanjani?
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-vanilla orchid blooms eminyakeni emithathu. I-Inflorescences inkulu, ihlanganisa izimbali ezifika ku-10. Izimbali ziphuzi nge-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Usizo! Izimbali ezinomusa ezweni lakubo ziheha izinyoni ezingavamile nezinyosi, futhi zivundisa imbali ngendlela engokwemvelo. Ekukhiqizeni impova kwenziwa ngokuhlakanipha.
Ama-pods nezinhlamvu zivuthwa ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ngaphambi nangemva kwemifula
I-thermophilic vanilla orchid ithanda i-hydration nesimo sezulu esishisayo unyaka wonke.. Ekwindla nobusika, kufanele usebenzise izibani ezengeziwe ngezibani ezikhethekile. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, i-orchid kufanele ilungele ukuphumula - ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa, ukunciphisa ukugqoka nokuphuza.
Kuthiwani uma ama-buds engabonakali?
Ezindaweni zasendlini yase-orchid vanilla blooms kaningi. Imbali ehlobisayo yenza ama-streeping neziqu, amaqabunga aqhakazile.
- Ukuze izimbali kufanele ukwandise umswakama, engeza ukuthungula nsuku zonke.
- Umehluko wansuku zonke wezindidi eziningana nawo uyadingeka. Ukushisa kwe-air akufanele kungene ngaphansi kwe-20 ° С.
- Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya, amaqabunga awakhiwe. Ngokuba izimbali eziningi zidinga ukukhanyisa okugcwele.
- Mhlawumbe ingxube yomhlabathi ayifanele imivini, inhlabathi enzima ivimbela izimbali.
Imiyalo yokunakekelwa kwekhaya ngesinyathelo
Ukukhetha indawo
I-Orchid vanilla idla ukukhanya okukhulu nokushisa.. Kufanele itholakale engxenyeni esentshonalanga noma empumalanga yendlu. Amafasitela aseNingizimu kufanele avuleke ngekhethini elikhanyayo noma kuphephe.
Ezinyangeni zasehlobo zasehlobo, ungathatha amafulethi emoyeni omusha, uhlinzeke isivikelo elangeni elishisayo.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba nokumbiza
I-substrate kufanele ilula, ikhululekile, iphefumule. Ukwakhiwa kwenhlanganisela yenhlabathi:
- Umhlaba weJardin - amahora amathathu
- Inhlabathi ehlanganisiwe yama-orchid - amahora amabili
- I-Perlite - 2 h.
- I-charcoal -1 ihora
- Uhlaka lokudonsa - izingcezu eziphakathi zodaka olwandisiwe.
Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi okulula kuyinkinga yenhlabathi engadini nenani elikhulu le-perlite, ukuze inhlabathi igcine ikhono layo lokugcina amanzi, ukuphefumula.
Ibhodlela idinga ivulekile, hhayi ejulile. Ungasebenzisa izimbiza zaseplastiki.
Kungcono ukukhulisa i-vanilla orchid ekulongeni izimbiza kanye nezimbali zommbali. Kubalulekile ukwenza izimbobo hhayi nje phansi kwebhodlela, kodwa futhi ezindaweni ezihlangene.
Kubalulekile! Ukusekelwa okukhethekile okudingekayo ngeziqu, ukuze imbali ingene ngokukhululekile ezinhlangothini. Usekela ukuvimbela umonakalo nokuphulwa kwesigamu.
Ukushisa
I-orchid ye-vanilla iyinhlanhla kakhulu, ukulima ekhaya kubalulekile ukuyigcina ekushiseni kwama-20-25 ° C unyaka wonke. Imbali ibekezelele ngomoya ophansi izinga lokushisa ehlobo kuze kufike ku-27-28 ° C ngenomoya omuhle nangaphansi kwe-substrate. Okubalulekile: ukungavumeli ukushintsha okungazelelwe ekushiseni ebusuku, imbali ingagula. Umehluko wokushintshashintsha kwansuku zonke akufanele kudlule 3 - 4 ° С.
Umswakama
Kungenxa yalolu hlobo Kudingeka umswakama ophakeme - kuze kube ngu-80 - 90%. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uphefle imbali nsuku zonke, isitshalo siphendula kahle ukugeza ngeshawa eshisayo.
Ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa, ukukhuphuka kufanele kube khona.
Qinisekisa ukuthi uvuselela igumbi lokuhambisa umoya kahle. Abalimi abaningi basebenzisa u-fan kule njongo.
Ukukhanyisa
I-vanilla noma i-orchid enothando ekhula kahle ikhula kahle ekukhanyeni okungafani, okukhanyayo. Ilanga eliqondile lingalimaza imbali.
Ukunisela
- Nisela amanzi njalo.
- Inhlabathi kufanele ihlale imanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Isimo esibalulekile ukuthi amanzi asetshenziselwa kuphela ukuhlanzwa noma amanzi emvula, ekamelweni lokushisa. Kanye ngenyanga, i-orchid i-vanilla kufanele iphuze ngokucwiliswa.
- Ibhodlela liyancishiswa kwisitsha esikhulu esihlukene esinezimpawu ezifudumeleyo ezinemizuzu engu-10-15. Emva kokubhukuda kufanele kuvunyelwe ukukhipha amanzi amaningi. Amanzi avela ku-pallet kumele asheswe ngokushesha ukuze angagcini izimpande.
- Ukunisela kwenzeka ekuseni noma ngemva kokushona kwelanga.
- Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ebusika, ukuchelela kufanele kunciphise. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukumelela i-substrate.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ekusentwasahlobo nasehlobo, i-substrate kufanele ifakwe isikhathi 1 ezinsukwini ezingu-10-14. izimila ezikhethekile eziyinkimbinkimbi zama-orchid. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umquba we-nitrogen uyathandeka ekukhuleni kweziqu kanye namaqabunga. Ebusika, ukudla kuncishiswe ngesigamu.
Ukufakelwa
Phindza imbali kuphela uma ibhodlela selincane kakhulu empandeni. Lezi zinqubo zivela emigodini yamanzi. Inqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo.
Uhlelo olulandelayo lokufakelwa:
I-substrate ifakwe kahle.- Khipha ngokucophelela isihlahla kusukela ebhodweni.
- Nquma izimpande ezonakele nezomile.
- Izindawo zokulimala zigcwele amalahle aqoshiwe.
- Ukugeleza kuthunyelwe ngaphansi kwe-tank entsha.
- Lesi sitshalo sifakwa ebhodweni elisha.
- Indlela esebenzayo yokuthutha (igumbi elondoloziwe lobumba).
- Izikhala ezingenalutho zigcwaliswe nge-substrate entsha.
- Ukuphuza njalo.
I-substrate ifakwe kahle.Unganda kanjani?
Indlela elula kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu yokuzalanisa ihlanganiswa.
Inqubo yokuqothula izinhlanzi:
- Ingxenye ye-stem inqunywa 30 - 35 cm.
- Ngaphansi kokusika yonke amaqabunga ayanqunywa.
- Ukusika kunjengejubane eliqediwe le-substrate.
- Ukwesekwa kwesipelingi kusekelwa ukusekelwa.
- Amandla angagcinwa ngokunamathela ifilimu.
- Ukushisa kuphefumula nsuku zonke.
- Amathangi asuswe endaweni evulekile.
- Ukushisa kokuqukethwe - 25 ° C.
- Umhlabathi uhlale unomanzi.
- Ukuqothulwa komzimba kwenzeka emavikini amane.
- Ifilimu isusiwe.
Sikunikeza ukuthi ubuke ividiyo mayelana nokusika kwe-vanilla orchid:
Izifo nezinambuzane
- Kusukela ekujuleni kwamanzi ezimpandeni zebhodlela kuqala ukubola. Ukubola kwesitshalo kungenzeka. Ukufakelwa okudingekayo ku-substrate entsha. Sika iziqu ezithathelwanayo nezimpande.
- Kusukela emoyeni owomile, umswakama obanele, amaqabunga aphuzi. Kufanele wengeze ukuphuza nokuphalaza isihlahla.
- Kusukela ilanga elikhanyayo elikhanyayo emaqabunga avela amabala - ashisa. Kudingekile ukuthunga amafasitela noma ukuhlela kabusha izimbiza kwenye indawo.
- Ukugeza okufudumayo nokugcoba kuyisivikelo esihle kakhulu sokubukeka kwama-scythe kanye nezibungu zesicabucabu.
- Lapho izinambuzane zivela, izihlahla kufanele zifakwe imfucuza, inhlabathi kufanele iphathwe ngesisombululo se-phytoderm noma ezinye izinambuzane.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele, ukufakelwa kabusha, ukusika izihlahla njalo kubalulekile.Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ukhule ngokushesha kakhulu creeper yangempela eshisayo efasiteleni lakho.
