Abalimi abaningi abazithengi izithombo ezenzelwe ukulungiswa zezihlahla zezithelo, kodwa ngokuzimela basuka kuyo yonke inzalo noma imbewu ukuze bavune. I-Plum nayo ingatshalwa embewini, yize ingeke ihlale ihambelana nezinhlobo zokuqala, kepha ukugoma kunzima kakhulu kunokuthola isithombo.
Kungenzeka yini ukuba ukhule i-plum ethelayo evela embewini
Ukuze ukhule isithombo esivela embewini, kufanele usebenze kanzima, kodwa emva kweminyaka emi-2 kuzovele kube nesihlahla esincane. Ungatshala imbewu ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo, futhi isihlahla sikhula ngaphandle kokutshala. Kepha kukhona ubungozi: phela, ithambo lingaze liqhume, nesikhathi sizosetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, inqubo ivame ukwenziwa ekhaya, ikhula izithombo emabhodweni.
Kuyenzeka ukhule iplamu ethela izithelo embewini, kepha kunzima ukuthola ukuthi izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo imbewu ethathwe kuzo zitholakala esihlahleni esiphelayo. Ngakho-ke, isiphunzi sitholakala kusuka ezinhlwini ze-plum, futhi ngonyaka noma emibili kuthembeke ngokwengeziwe ukutshala iplamu yezinhlobonhlobo ozifunayo.
Kufanele usheshe ujwayele umbono wokuthi uzodinga ukutshala okubhalwe kuwo ngebanga le-plum elifunayo esihlahleni esitshalwe embewini.
Amaplamu angaxhunyelelwa hhayi kuma-plums kuphela, kepha naku-plum ye-cherry, ekuphenduleni noma emeveni, e-apricot, peach.
Izithelo ezilethwe zivela esifundeni eseningizimu ziya eCentral Russia, noma ngabe zinambithe kangakanani, azilungele inqubo yokuzala: kufanele kutshalwe kuphela imbewu evela kuzinqwaba zezinhlobo zasendaweni. Futhi, njengoba kufanele ucabange ngokushesha ukugoma okulandelayo, awudingi ukukhetha izinhlobo ezimnandi kakhulu. Itshe kufanele lithathwe esihlahleni esingamelana nesimo sezulu, esingenakulivuma.
Kungabonakala sengathi ukuqaliswa kokugoma kuzobambezela ukutholwa kwesivuno sokuqala komunye umbhangqwana weminyaka. Kepha lokhu kuyiphutha! Ngokuphambene nalokho, izithelo ezivela ezitshalweni ezingagcinwanga zivame ukutholakala sekwedlule isikhathi kunokuba zigonywe. Ngakho-ke, kunjalo, ungazama, kepha akukufanele. Ekugcineni, ngenxa yesithakazelo sesayensi, ungashiya amagatsha angaba ngu-1-2 esihlahleni esitholwe embewini, uphinde uphinde ulihlanganise konke okunye. Yize imvamisa kakhulu umuthi wokugomela usuwenziwa ngonyaka owodwa, ngendlela ejwayelekile, hhayi kude nomhlabathi.
Ungakhula kanjani iplamu kusuka etsheni esivandeni
Lapho ukutshala amathambo ngqo engadini, kufanele kulungiselelwe iqiniso lokuthi amagundane angawaqothula, ngakho-ke kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuwesabisa. Kuyasiza, ngokwesibonelo, ukungcwaba izimbaza noma iphepha eligxishwe emathinini eceleni kwamathambo. Njengoba amathambo enza izinqubo zemvelo zokunciphisa kanye nokuqina ezimweni zemvelo, ukutshala kwawo engadini akunzima.
Ukwehlukanisa kungukuphulwa okuyingxenye kwengubo yembewu ukulungiselela ukuvuvukala kwazo ukuhluma, ukuqina kwe-stratization kungukuguga kwesikhathi eside kwembewu emazingeni okushisa athile ukuze kusheshiswe ukuhluma kwazo.
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuzibeka engcupheni yokutshala ithambo ngokushesha endaweni ehlala unomphela, bhala umgodi wokutshala 60 x 60 x 60 cm kusengaphambili bese uwagcwalisa ngomanyolo njengokutshala isithombo (1.5-2 amabhakede omquba, 200 g we-superphosphate, 50 g we-potassium sulfate). Kepha kuphephile ukutshala imbewu eyishumi nambili endlini yesikole, futhi uma ezinye zazo zinikeza amahlumela, susa ezinye ezingeziwe bese utshala izithombo ezinhle ezindaweni ezingapheli ngemuva konyaka. Ukukhula kwama-plums avela emathanjeni engadini kuqukethe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Amathambo akhishwe kuma-plums avuthiwe ayagezwa, omiswe futhi agcinwe kuze kutshalwe.
Amathambo okutshala khetha kusuka kuziningi ezivuthiwe
- Ekuqaleni ekwindla bmba umsele ongashisi (15-16 cm). Ukuphakama kwawo kuya ngenani lembewu: atshalwe kude nge-20-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Umanyolo awusebenzi. Umsele uhhafu ugcwele inhlabathi ebunjiwe (umgodi kudingeka kuphela ukuthola i-substrate evulekile), uvunyelwe ukuma.
Umsele akufanele ube nzulu, kufanele wembiwe endaweni enelanga noma emthunzini omncane oyingxenye
- Engxenyeni yesibili ka-Okthoba, imbewu esuswa kuziningi ezivuthiwe ziyatshalwa ukuze kuthi lapho sezibuyiselwe emuva ngenhlabathi, zijule ngamasentimitha angama-8-10. Hlukana nembewu, ukhulule izikhwebu egobolondweni, akufanele itshalwe ekwindla.
- Amathambo alala emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuchelela ukutshala ekwindla akudingekile. Ukuvela kwezithombo kungenzeka ngoMeyi. Uma imbewu eningi ihlumile, amahlumela angeziwe awakhishwa, kepha aqothulwe ngokucophelela emhlabathini noma, okungcono, ngaphansi komhlaba, abambe okuncane: ngaphandle kwalokho, uhlelo lwezimpande zezithombo ezisele lungalimala. Ukunakekelwa kwezithombo kuqukethe ngokunisela okuhleliwe, kukhulula inhlabathi nokhula.
Uma izithombo zivame kakhulu, ziyancipha
- Ngemuva konyaka, entwasahlobo, ama-scions enziwe ngomumo angatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo, futhi emva komunye unyaka, lapho esezoba namagatsha amaningana e-lateral, ukuzama ukugonywa. Uma kufanele ukuthi kuxhunyekwe ngokuxhunyelelwa, kungcono ukuthi ngokushesha ikhule imbewu endaweni ehlala njalo yokugoma umuntu ononyaka owodwa.
Ukugoma izinso (ukuqunjelwa) kwenziwa ehlobo, kepha lokhu kungumsebenzi wobucwebecwebe kunokwenza ngokuxhunyelelwa.
Ividiyo: ukutshala imbewu ye-plum engadini
Ungakhula kanjani iplamu ebhodweni
Lapho ukhula ama-plums avela kuthambo ekhaya, udinga ukusebenza kanzima, kepha impumelelo yomcimbi iphakeme.
Ukulungiselela amathambo
Ukuze amathambo akhuphuke ngokuthembekile ekhaya, ehlukile kwemvelo, kufanele aqale azilungiselele. Vele, kutshalwa amathambo agcwele kuphela (uma engashona emanzini, lapho-ke engakulungele ukutshala).
- Amathambo akhishwe kuma-plums avuthiwe ayagezwa futhi aboshwe ngawodwa izingcezu zezindwangu eziswakeme, abese efakwa esiqandisini eshalofini elinokushisa okuhle okuphansi okungenzeka kube khona. Ukuhlala izinyanga eziningana emakhazeni kunikeza "isibonakaliso" enhlanyelweni yokuhluma.
- Ngesikhathi sokugcina esiqandisini, qiniseka ukuthi indwangu ihlala imanzi. Sonke isikhathi sokugcinwa (kuze kube sekupheleni kobusika) babheka amathambo: uma kuvela isikhunta, agezwa kahle.
Inhloso yokudlubulundelana ukuphoqa imbewu ukuthi ikhule entwasahlobo
- Ngaphambi nje kokutshala, ungavuselela imbewu ukuthi ikhule, usebenzisa izixazululo ze-Epin noma ze-Zircon esikhundleni samanzi ukuzimanzisa, uzicengezele ngokwemiyalo.
Izinkuthazo zokukhula zisiza ukuhluma, kepha kufanele zisetshenziswe ekuhlolweni okunconywe ngumenzi
Abanye abalimi esikhundleni sezicubu zomswakama bagcina amathambo esihlabathini esimanzi noma ku-sawdust, kodwa kulokhu udinga ibhokisi elifakwa esiseleni futhi uhlole ngokuhlelekile isimo sembewu kanye nomswakama wohlelo olungaphansi komhlaba.
Ukutshala imbewu
Ekupheleni kobusika, amathambo kufanele avuvukale, negobolondo lawo elinzima kufanele liqhekeke. Ngokutshala, izimbiza zezimbali ezijwayelekile ezinomthamo ongaba amalitha amabili kufanelekile.
Uma amathambo evuvukala, kodwa ungaqhume, ungawasiza ngokuhlikihla ingaphandle ngefayela.
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo kungokulandelayo:
- Inhlabathi enomhlabathi wesodeki nesihlabathi somfula (1: 1) ithululelwa ebhodweni, kodwa okokuqala, kukhipha amanzi ngamatshe amatshe amahle noma ubumba olwandisiwe lubekwa phansi.
Noma yiliphi imbiza yezimbali enobubanzi okungenani be-15 cm ilungele ukutshala imbewu ye-plum
- Imbewu itshalwe ekujuleni kwama-3-4 cm, iniselwa kahle bese ibeka amabhodwe endaweni ekhanyayo ekushiseni kwegumbi. Uma imbiza ibanzi, ungatshala imbewu eyi-2-3 kuyo (khona-ke amahlumela angeziwe asuswe ngokucophelela ngesikele).
Uma impande isivele yaba yinde, kufanele uzame ukungayiphuli: okokuqala beka itshe, bese uligcwalisa ngobunene ngenhlabathi.
- Kuze kufike izithombo, inhlabathi igcinwa inomswakama, ivimbele ukumila kwayo.
Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-4, izithombo ziyavela zinamaqabunga e-cotyledon, afana namaqabunga ezithombo zemifino, bese kuphela kuphela amaqabunga e-elliptic wangempela.
Ukunakekela izithombo
Ukuze izithombo zingatambanuli, zigcinwa ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, kepha ngokwesaba ingress yemisebe eqondile engashisa amaqabunga. Izinsuku zokuqala ezingama-7-10 udinga ukugcina izinga lokushisa elingu-10-12mayelanaC, lapho-ke udinga igumbi. Uma i-windowsill isenyakatho, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukukhanya ngamalambu we-fluorescent. Kunamanzi kancane, kugwema ukoma ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, kumanzi okushisa kwamakamelo. Uma igumbi selomile kakhulu, ngezikhathi ezithile fafaza umoya eduze kwembiza.
Ngemuva kwenyanga, iplamu isuthiswa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali (ngokwesibonelo, ama-azophos). Ngemuva kwenye inyanga, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyaphindwa. Inhlabathi idedelwa ngendlela ehlelekile. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, umuthi ungakhula ube ngu-0.5 m.
Kusekupheleni kukaMeyi, isithombo singatshalwa ngokucophelela engadini uma usisusa ebhodweni ngesigaxa sobumba ngaphandle kokuphazamisa uhlelo lwezimpande. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, ukufakelwa nakho kungahleleka ekwindla, kepha ngomgwaqo ophakathi bazama ukungatshali amaplamu ebusika.
Uma izithombo zigcinwa ekhaya isikhathi eside, kufanele zidluliselwe ngezikhathi ezithile emabhodweni amakhulu.
Ukutshala engadini kwenziwa ngokwemithetho ejwayelekile futhi ayinazimpawu, kepha ngaphambi kwalokhu, okusanhlamvu kufanele kube lukhuni. Izithombo ezitshaliwe sezitshaliwe engadini.
Ukukhula ngamaplamu kusuka embewini ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene
Imigomo yokukhula kweplamu kusuka enzalweni ekhaya izimele ngaphandle kwesifunda, kuphela ukukhetha kwezinhlobonhlobo kubalulekile. Izinhlobo ezingama-zoned kuphela ezinobunzima obanele bobusika nokubekezelela isomiso kufanelekile. ESiberia ngisho nasemgqumeni ophakathi nendawo, umuntu akufanele azame ukutshala izinqwaba zezinhlobo zaseningizimu. Amathambo e-Plum atshalwe ngokwesiko emendweni ophakathi nendawo:
- Minsk
- Ubuhle beVolga
- IsiBelarusian.
Ezifundeni ezomile, i-Eurasia neMorning zisebenza kahle. Futhi eSiberia kungcono ukutshala izinhlobo zomhlaba wonke ngokungahambisani neqhwa eliphakeme:
- Ussuri
- Chinese kusenesikhathi
- Ubuhle beManchurian.
Ukukhetha okufanayo kuyenzeka lapho kukhula izithombo engadini ngqo engadini. Lapha, ukukhethwa kwesiza sokutshala imbewu kuphela kuya ngesifunda. Isikole kufanele sihlukaniswe ohlangothini olufudumele kakhulu lwendawo. Futhi uma eningizimu yezwe lethu noma iningi le-Ukraine ungeke ukhathazeke ngokunokwenzeka kokungagcinwa kwembewu ehlanganisiwe enhlabathini, lapho-ke lapho kutshalwe ekwindla ezindaweni ezibandayo, indawo yokutshala kufanele ifakwe kahle ngesendlalelo se-peat noma i-humus.
Izici zembewu ekhulayo yepulamu ezimeni zaseSiberia zichazwa ngemininingwane eyanele ezincwadini ezitholakalayo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa hhayi ukuthi ususe ama-plums amaningi wale nhloso ezimweni zokugcwala okugcwele kwe-botanical, kodwa futhi ukuwavumela ukuba alale phansi umnqamulajuqu bese ususa imbewu kuphela. Ngemuva kokuwasha nokuwomile kancane, amathambo agcinwa aze atshalwe emasakeni epulasitiki aboshwe ngokuqinile, lapho avuthwa khona.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu eSiberia kwenziwa kokubili ngendlela yendabuko (ekwindla) nasentwasahlobo (futhi ebusika, ukuqina kwemvelo kwamathambo kwenzeka lapho kungcwatshwa emhlabathini emasakeni elineni). Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo eSiberia kubhekwa njengokuthembekile ngokwengeziwe. Ukutshala i-Autumn kwenziwa ngaphambi nje kwesithwathwa, nokutshala kwentwasahlobo ngemuva kokumiswa kwenhlabathi ngemuva kokuba iqhwa liphelile. Amathambo atshalwe emigqonyeni enamanyolo avundile ngokuya ngephethini engama-40 x 15 cm ngezimpande ezidliwe phansi aze afinyelela ku-2-3 cm, afakwe ungqimba olunciphile lwe-humus.
Ukunakekelwa kokuhluma kwezinhlaka eSiberia akufani nalokho okwamukelwa ngokuvamile. Kepha maphakathi no-Agasti, wonke amahlumela kumele akhishwe, avunyelwe ukulungiselela ubusika. Izithombo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu ziyasuswa ngoba ngeke zisinde ebusika obulandelayo noma zisinde, kepha zizoba buthaka, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziyothela izithelo. Amapulangwe adluliselwa endaweni engapheli eneminyaka eyi-2.
Ukukhula iplamu kusuka etsheni akunzima, kodwa kuyinkathazo. Uma wenza lokhu ngokuqondile engadini, inqubo idinga inani eliphansi lezindleko, kepha lihambisana nengozi ethile. Ekhaya, amathuba okuphumelela aphezulu, kepha ubuchwepheshe buhilela ukubamba iqhaza njalo komlimi engadini yezilwane ezifuywayo.
