Amagabha abizwa ngokuthi iziqukathi ezisontwe ocingweni lwensimbi, ezigcwaliswa ngqo entweni ngamatshe noma ngamatshe. Eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule, lezi zinhlaka zokwakha ubunjiniyela zazisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngamasosha ekwakhiweni kwenqaba (redoubts). Manje, ngosizo lwe-gabions, bakha amabhange emizimba yamanzi, bahlele ukugcina izindonga, futhi baqinise nemithambeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhokisi enezikhala zemilo ejwayelekile yejometri asetshenziswa njengezakhi zomhlobiso ekwakhiweni kwendawo. Njengomthetho, ama-gabion okuzenzela wona awenziwanga, athola amanetha efektri asayizi ofanele ngenani elifanele. Iziqukathi ezinemiyalezo ezethulwayo ziqonde ngqo lapho zifakwa khona futhi zigcwele ngezinto ezikhethiwe eziningi. Abaqambi sebevele beza nemibono eminingi yokuhlobisa izingadi zasekhaya ngezakhiwo ze-gabion. Ezinye zazo zingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo emhlabeni wazo ngokukopisha indalo eyayibona esithombeni. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi yakho, ngoba ngifunde iziphakamiso ezenziwe ngomumo zochwepheshe bokuklanywa komhlaba.
Athini ama-gabions?
Abenzi beGabion basebenzisa ucingo oluhlanganisiwe njengesiqalo sendwangu, ubukhulu bokunamathela okuyi-250-280 g / m2. Leli nani liphakeme ngokuphindwe kahlanu kunobukhulu bokuqina kwe-mesh "netting" elisetshenziswe ekwakheni izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubiyela. Esikhundleni sokwenza i-galvanizing, i-PVC enamathela ingafakwa ocingweni. Ukuqina kocingo oluhlanganisiwe kusuka ku-2-6 mm. Izitsha ze-Mesh kufanele zibe namandla athile, zitholwe ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-torsion ye-wire kabili. Amaseli e-mesh asesimweni se-polygon ejwayelekile. I-filler ikhethiwe icinga ngosayizi wamangqamuzana anezikhala. Ama-gabions amakhulu afakwe futhi ngezakhi zekhompiyutha ezivimbela ukuphuma kwezindonga zazo ezinezikhathi ngesikhathi sokulayisha i-filler.
Amabhokisi ahlukile aqiniswe ngesakhiwo esisodwa se-monolithic esebenzisa ucingo. Ngasikhathi sinye, akunconywa ukusebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zocingo ngaphandle kwalezo ezenziwe ngama-gabions zenziwa. Ama-analogues ashibhile angaholela ekuchwengeni kwesakhiwo nasekubhujisweni kwaso ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
IGabion liqukethe ifreyimu enoxhaxha we-mesh eligcwele itshe noma amatshe amakhulu, usayizi wawo odlula ubukhulu bamaseli we-mesh
Nazi izakhiwo zama-gabions eziheha abakhi nabaqambi:
- Izindonga zensimbi eguquguqukayo ivumela i-gabion ukuthi ithathe noma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlaba womhlaba. Akesabi izakhiwo ze-gabion nokuhamba kwenhlabathi kwesizini. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, isakhiwo singakhubazeka kancane ngasikhathi sinye, kepha singadilizeki.
- Ngenxa yesicucu samatshe, iGabion inesimo esihle kakhulu samanzi, ngakho-ke lesi sakhiwo asizwa umthwalo we-hydrostatic. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, isikhathi nezinsizakusebenza ziyalondolozwa, ngoba uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi aludingeki.
- Ukuqina namandla ezinhlaka ze-gabion kukhula kuphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngoba izitshalo ziyahluma emhlabathini oqoqana phakathi kwamatshe. Izimpande zazo, ezihlangene, ngaphezu kwalokho ziqinisa sonke isakhiwo.
- Lapho ufaka ama-gabions, imishini yokwakha esindayo ayidingeki (ngaphandle kwamaphrojekthi amakhulu wokuqinisa ugu nogquma), ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ulondoloze ukubukeka kwendalo, unciphise izinga lokungenela komuntu endaweni yemvelo.
- Izakhiwo zeGabion zihlala isikhathi eside futhi ziyakwazi ukuma iminyaka ngaphandle kokuchithwa. Leli khwalithi liqinisekiswa yikhwalithi yokufaka i-wire ye-galvanizing, kanye nezakhiwo ezingenhla zokwenza itshe.
- Izakhiwo eziklanywe kahle kusuka kuma-gabions azidingi ukulungiswa nokulungiswa ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
- Uma usebenzisa i-gabions, kungenzeka ukonga imali (ngokuqhathaniswa nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe) futhi wehlise izindleko zabasebenzi.
Izithombe ezinokukhethwa kokusebenzisa ama-gabions ziyabonakala ezintweni ezibonakalayo: //diz-cafe.com/photo/obustrojstvo/gabiony.html
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-gabions nezinketho zokusebenzisa kwazo
Ngendlela yokuma komhlaba, ama-gabions ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu:
- ibhokisi-libunjiwe;
- ifulethi (umatilasi matilasi);
- cylindrical.
Zonke izinhlaka ze-gabion zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu ngokuya ngesimo sohlaka: cylindrical, flat and box-shape, angafakwa u-welded noma i-mesh
Ubungako bezitsha zebhokisi zingahluka kule mikhawulo elandelayo: ubude - ukusuka ku-2 kuye ku-6 m, ububanzi - ukusuka kumitha elilodwa kuya kwamamitha amabili, kanye nokuphakama - ukusuka kwengxenye yemitha kuya kumitha elilodwa. Imiklamo emikhulu asiza ukuhlukanisa izindonga, ezibizwa ngama-diaphragms. Amabhokisi enziwe ngezindlela ezimbili: i-welded ne-mesh. Indlela yokuqala ifaka izinduku zokufaka i-welding, zibekwe ngakunye, ezindaweni ezihlangana kuzo. Kulokhu, amangqamuzana ebhokisi angunxande ngokuma. Ukuxhuma izindonga usebenzisa i-wire spiral ekhethekile. Indlela yesibili (i-mesh) isuselwa ekufakeleni i-mesh eyenziwe ngocingo lwensimbi e-torsion kabili kufreyimu eqinile. Kulokhu, amangqamuzana anezikhala angama-hexagonal.
Kubalulekile! Ama-gabions amabhokisi alungele ukufakwa kocingo lwemibhede yezimbali nemibhede yemifino. Iziqukathi ezihlanganisiwe nazo zingaba yingxenye yocingo. I-Gabions ihlanganiswe kahle nezingxenye zokhuni kocingo. Baphinde basebenzise amabhokisi lapho befaka ifenisha yangaphandle ezindaweni zokuzijabulisa.
Ama-Flats (mattress-mattress), ukuphakama kwawo kungadluli kuma-30 cm, anekhono lokuphinda konke ukugoba nokungahambi kahle kwangaphandle. Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo lwakhiwe ngasogwini lwemifula, emithambekeni yemifudlana, futhi lubekwa ngaphansi kwamachibi nemifudlana engashonile. Kulokhu, i-pebble ivame ukusebenza njenge-filler. Uma kunesidingo, isisekelo esiqinile senziwa ngama-gabonlic aphansi, kuwo ukufakwa kuwo amabhokisi ebhokisi. Izisekelo ezingaphansi kwamanzi nezingxenye zezindonga ezigciniwe zakhiwa kusuka kuma-cylindrical gabions okwazi ukugoba kuzo zonke izinkomba.
Yikuphi i-gabion filler elungile kuwe?
Khetha itshe lama-gabions, kuya ngendawo (ingaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwamanzi) yesakhiwo esakhiwe. Kusetshenziswa womabili amatshe okugaya angokwemvelo nawokufakelwa. Lokhu kunaka ukwakheka kwabo, usayizi, ukwakheka kwabo. Okudume kakhulu ngamatshe alukhuni wemvelaphi yezintaba-mlilo: i-basalt, i-quartzite, i-granite, i-diorite. IGabions livame ukugcwala ngetshe lesandwich, kanye namanye amatshe angama-stony, aboniswa ukumelana namandla amakhulu nesithwathwa. Amagabha asetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa angagcwaliswa ngezinye izinto: ukusikwa kwamapulangwe, izingcezu zepayipi, ingilazi, amathayili aphukile, izitini, isendlalelo, ukhonkolo ochotshoziwe, njll.
Uhlobo, ukwakheka, usayizi, nombala wombhalo wamatshe owasebenzisile kuthinta izimfanelo zokuhlobisa zezakhiwo ze-gabion
Lapho uhlela ama-gabions angaphezulu, kunconyelwa ukugcwalisa itshe, ubukhulu bengxenyenamba yalo engxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ubude kuneseli le-mesh elisontekile. Izakhiwo ezingaphansi kwamanzi zigcwala itshe elikhudlwana, okuyisigamu ngosayizi we-mesh container mesh.
Ukuze izakhiwo ze-gabion zihlangane nesimo sendawo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe amatshe wemvelo agcotshwe ezigcawini zasendaweni ukuze kugcwaliswe. Amagabha abekwe emadwaleni ayindilinga, amatshe aminyene, kanye namatshe amakhulu. Esimweni ngasinye, isakhiwo sizobukeka sihle ngendlela yaso.
Kubalulekile! Ukuqokomisa ama-gabions esizeni futhi ugcizelele ukuthungwa okhethekile kwezindonga zawo, kunconywa ukubeka i-asphalt eduze kwabo noma ukuphula utshani. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sendawo eyisicaba, iziqukathi ezigcwele ngamatshe zizobukeka zangempela kakhulu.
Ukufakwa kwama-gabions: konke mayelana nezinto zokwenziwa kanye nenqubekela phambili yomsebenzi
Izisetshenziswa ezilandelayo zizodingeka ukuqoqa isakhiwo se-gabion:
- insimbi yensimbi;
- spirals ekhethekile zensimbi;
- izintambo zokuxhumana ngocingo;
- izikhonkwane zensimbi;
- geotextile;
- brace;
- i-filler (amatshe, isihlabathi, inhlabathi, imfucuza yokwakha nezinye izinto zokwakha ngobuningi).
Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi wokufaka, hlola ukutholakala kwazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo kuhlu. Ukungabikho kwanoma iyiphi into kungavimba inqubo yokufakwa kwe-gabion. Ukuxhuma amaphaneli we-gabion usebenzisa izingqimba zensimbi noma i-spiral yensimbi, kanti olunye udonga lusebenza njengesivalo, ngakhoke kufanele luvule. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa, kubuye kufakwe ne-spiral kwiphaneli eliseduze. Ngosizo lwezikhonkwane ezinamaphethelo webhokisi agxiliwe, ziqinile emhlabeni.
Ukugcwalisa i-mesh yensimbi ngezinto ezenziwe ngamatshe kwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili. Itshe libekwa esitsheni se-mesh ezingxenyeni kuze kube uhhafu wokuphakama kwaso. Ngemuva kwalokho, izindonga eziphikisanayo ze-gabion zidonswa ngokuhlangana kanye nezibopho ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwamapaneli wangemuva nangaphambili. Ama-brows abizwa ngezintambo ezikhethekile zensimbi. Inani labo lincike kubude be-gabion. Ama-brake noma ama-stiffeners akhishwa njalo ngamangqamuzana amane kuya kwayisihlanu. Ngemuva kwalokho qhubekela esigabeni sesibili, esihlanganisa ukugcwalisa isitsha ngamatshe noma ngohlobo lwamatshe.
Amatshe amakhulu amakhulu asakaza izindonga ezingezansi nezangaphambili ze-gabion. Maphakathi nesiqukathi singagcwaliswa ngamatshe amatshe amancane noma ngemfucumfucu yokwakha iyonke. Ukuze i-backfill iwele phakathi kwamatshe amakhulu, sebenzisa i-geofabric. Wabopha isikhala phakathi kwamatshe, wasigcwalisa ngezinto ezazikhona. Ngemuva kwalokho i-backfill ivaliwe ngaphezulu ngamaphethelo we-geotissue, acindezelwe ngensimbi yamatshe amakhulu. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa, isembozo sesitsha se-mesh sivalekile futhi siqiniswa ngocingo olungena ngocingo.
Ama-Geotextiles asetshenziswa kalula ezindaweni eziningi zomsebenzi womuntu: ekuphathweni komhlaba, emkhakheni wezokwakha, ukwakheka komhlaba. Funda ngakho: //diz-cafe.com/ozelenenie/primenenie-geotekstilya.html
Izakhiwo zeGabion ezithombeni: imibono yabaqambi
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-gabions ekwakhiweni komhlaba kuboniswa isidingo sokwenza impumuzo eyingqayizivele esizeni. Ngenxa yalawa angasindi futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukwakhiwa okuqinile, abaklami bakha izindawo eziphakeme kanye nezindawo ezibucayi ezindaweni ezibucayi, abazisebenzisela ukudiliza imibhede yezimbali enemibala emihle namachibi okufakelwa ahlotshiswe ngezimpophoma zamanzi.
Amabhokisi ama-gabions asetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwefenisha yasengadini avumelana ngokuphelele nomuthi lapho kwenziwa khona ithebhulethi namabhentshi amabili
Enye inketho yokusebenzisa i-gabion yesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi ekwakheni ifenisha yengadi etholakala esizeni sendawo yokuzijabulisa
I-cylindrical gabion isebenza njengothango olungandile lombhede wezimbali. Ngokuphikisana nesendlalelo setshe, izimbali ezintekenteke zemithunzi ecebile zibukeka zihle kakhulu
Ukugcina udonga lwenziwe nge-gabion egobekile, ukwakhiwa kwalo kwakhiwa ebhentshini ngesimo sesikebhe sokuphumula nokucabanga kobuhle bengadi
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-gabions ekwakhiweni kogu lolwandle olugcinwe esakhiweni. Izinkuni, itshe nezinsimbi ezakhiwe zisebenza kahle ngokuphelele
Noma yisiphi isiza somhlaba singaphendulwa ingadi enhle eletha injabulo nokuthula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzodingeka usebenze ngokwakho noma umeme abaklami abangochwepheshe abakwaziyo ukwenza nokwenza i-gabion, nokuthi ungakugcwalisa kanjani.
