Ukwakha ikhaya elisha kuhlala kuyizindleko ezinkulu. Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abangakwazi ukwakha ngaphandle kokunaka ukulinganisa. Kaningi kufanele ugcine ukuze ulingane nebhajethi. Kodwa-ke, imali eyongiwe kufanele ibe nengqondo, ngoba umnikazi uqobo kanye nomndeni wakhe bazohlala endaweni entsha. Isakhiwo kufanele sifudumale, somile, sikhululekile, sibukeke sibukeka. Ungakufeza kanjani lokhu ngaphandle kwezindleko eziningi? Okokuqala, ukonga eqenjini labasebenzi. Uma umthuthukisi enamakhono adingekayo, khona-ke konke noma cishe yonke into kungenziwa nguwe. Ungase futhi ukhethe izinto ezingabizi kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe obungabizi, iphrojekthi ejwayelekile. Ungashibhile kanjani ukwakha indlu ngezandla zakho? Kuyinionga ukulondolozwa, futhi yikuphi okungcono ukungakubeki engcupheni?
Ukonga kuqala ngokukhethwa kwephrojekthi. Uma izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ziba nzima ngokwengeziwe, kubiza kakhulu ukwakhiwa. Akunangqondo ukuzama ukunciphisa izindleko ngenxa yabasebenzi, ukubhekwa kwezobuchwepheshe noma ikhwalithi yezinto zokwakha, ekuqaleni ukhetha iphrojekthi ebizayo.
Kungcono ukunquma ngokusobala izindlu ezidingekayo, ngaphandle kokwehlisa umndeni, kepha futhi ungazivumeli ngokwengeziwe amamitha skwele, khetha ukwakheka okulula kophahla. Lokhu kuzodala ikhaya elintofontofo elihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zomndeni, kepha ngaphandle kwe "ngokweqile" kwezokwakha - uphahla olubunjiwe, amawindi e-bay, amakholamu, imidwebo emikhulu.
Kunengqondo ukucabanga ngezinketho zokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sendawo eyodwa noma ezimbili enophahla lokuhlala.
Indawo yokuhlala isizuzisa kakhulu kunefulethi ehlukile. Ukuze kwakhiwe phansi kuzodingeka izinto eziningi - ngezindonga, ukufakwa, umhlobiso
Uma ukhetha izinto zokwakha ezingasindi nobuchwepheshe obufanele bezindonga zokwakha, ungonga esisekelweni. Kudingeka ukwakhiwa okungekho mandla kangako, futhi i-formwork ingenziwa emabhodini angaphansi, kumabhodi e-fiberboard asetshenzisiwe.
Ukuphela kwento engathandeki ukusika izindleko usimende. Udinga ukuyithenga ikhwalithi, ngaphandle kwalokho amandla wesakhiwo azoba umbuzo omkhulu. Ukujula komsele ngaphansi kwesisekelo kufanele futhi kuhambisane nesisindo esilinganisiwe sesakhiwo, ukugwema ukuqina kwezulu okuqinile, okungaholela emifantwini ezindongeni.
Yini esetshenziswa kakhulu ngenkathi kwakhiwa:
- isitini;
- ugodo;
- block igesi.
Ekwakhiweni kwezindlu namakhethini, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bohlaka. Le yindlela ethembisayo ekuvumela ukuthi wakhe ngokushesha futhi ngezindleko eziphansi.
Ukuthola ukuthi ukwakhiwa kuzodlani okuncane, kuzofanela ubale izilinganiso ngakunye kokukhethwa kukho, ngoba izindleko zokuqukethwe uqobo zihlala kude ziyinkomba yezinzuzo. Isibonelo, ukukhetha izinsiza ezenzelwe izinhloso eziningi kuzosiza ukunciphisa izindleko. Izindleko ze-hydro, isithiyo se-vapor "ezimbili ngoyedwa" ekugcineni zizoshibhile kunokuthenga izinhlobo ezimbili zokufakelwa.
Uma kubalwa, umuntu kufanele aqhubeke neqiniso lokuthi ibhilidi eliqediwe kufanele libe ntofontofo ngokuphila, lihambisane namazinga okulondolozwa kokushisa, ukuphepha.
Izinzuzo zokwakhiwa kohlaka - ngesikhathi esincane nezindleko zabasebenzi zokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. Idizayini ayilula, ayenzi umthwalo owandayo esisekelweni futhi ayidingi ukuqiniswa kwayo
Inketho # 1 - isakhiwo sendlu
Izindlu ezisebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe zakhiwa esikhathini kusuka kumaviki ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni eziningana, kuya ngokuthi umniniyo uyazakha yini noma uyaqasha i-brigade. Izakhiwo eziqediwe zihlala isikhathi eside, zimelana nokuguquguquka. Impilo elinganiselwa cishe iminyaka engama-75.
Izakhiwo ezisekelanayo zilungele ukufakwa kwe-sheathing elandelayo ngezinto zokuqeda, njengoba zonke izinto ziyahlangana. Lokhu kunwebisa kakhulu ukukhetha kwezindlela zokufakelwa kwe-facade: amaseli, amaphaneli wekhasethi, indlu ye-block ingafakwa ezindongeni. Lapho u-sheathing, amandla wesakhiwo sonke akhuphuka ngaphandle kokukhula okukhulu kwesisindo sawo.
Ividiyo Yokwakheka
Kunobuchwepheshe obubili obukhulu, ngamunye wabo onezimpawu zawo.
Iphaneli yezinhlaka. Ungabiza kanjani ekwakheni indlu? Ukuzihlanganisa ngokwakho. Vele, lokhu kuzodinga amakhono nemishini. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lwokwakha, lokhu kungenzeka, yize kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi nemali eyengeziwe ukufaka imali ekuthengeni ama-heater nezinye izinto. Uhlaka lwenziwe ngokhuni futhi lugqitshwe ngamapaneli wesamentshisi. Ingxenye ngayinye kufanele ifakwe ngokwahlukana, okuthinta isikhathi nobunzima bokwakhiwa.
Isihlangu. Le nketho iyabiza, kepha inokwethenjelwa futhi idinga umsebenzi omncane kakhulu. Lo mklamo uhlanganiswa kusuka kumapaneli enziwe ngomumo, enziwa efektri nge-oda ekhethekile. Amapaneli athunyelwa kakade afakwe insulin futhi asekulungele ngokuphelele ukuhlangana. Uma siqhathanisa izintengo zamapulangwe nezakhiwo zephaneli, ezokuqala zibiza kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokugcina zingahle zifane uma abasebenzi bemenyelwa ukuthi bahlanganise izindlu zohlaka, ngoba kufanele ukhokhele zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi ngokwahlukana - umhlangano, umugqa, ukufakwa, umhlobiso.
Ukuze uthole isibonelo somuntu siqu sokwakha uhlaka indlu ehlobo, bheka impahla: //diz-cafe.com/postroiki/dachnyj-domik-svoimi-rukami.html
Uhlaka oluhlanganisiwe lwamapulangwe selivele libukeka njengendlu eqediwe. Idinga kuphela unqunqema kanye nokunquma. Izinto ezenziwe ngomphunga nezingangeni manzi zibekwe ezindongeni zesakhiwo efektri, esiza ukwandisa impilo yesakhiwo
Izinzuzo ezingenakuvela zobuchwepheshe:
- Inzuzo. Isisindo esikhanyayo yithuba elisobala lokonga esisekelweni, futhi imikhawulo emfushane ingeyabasebenzi abakhokhelayo. Kukholelwa ukuthi izindlu ezakhiwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bohlaka ziyishibhile kunazo zonke, kepha ezicini eziningi umnotho uncike endaweni esakhiweni, izinto ezikhethiwe, umhlobiso, njll. Izibalo zonjiniyela abanolwazi zibonisa ukuthi kuyasiza uma ubude besakhiwo bungadluli kuma-20 m kanti nenombolo yezitolo ithi 3. Ngokuvamile, iphrojekthi inquma konke.
- Isilinganiso sokugcina amandla aphezulu. Designs ukufudumala ngokushesha nangendlela efanele. Izindonga zenziwa ngezinto ezine-conducction ephansi ye-thermal, ukuze isakhiwo sibambe ukushisa kahle. Ubukhulu bodonga bungaba ngu-15-20 cm. Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezingezekile - izindleko zokushisa eziphansi kuqhathaniswa nesakhiwo esijwayelekile sendawo efanayo.
- Akukho shrinkage. Izindonga zesakhiwo ziqinile, zimelana ne-deformation, ziqinile kakhulu, futhi indlu ngokwayo ayinciphi. Lokhu futhi kunomthelela omuhle esikhathini sokwakha: umsebenzi wokuqeda ungaqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphothulwa komsebenzi oyinhloko. I-Sheathing ayidingi ukucubungula okwengeziwe, okunciphisa izindleko zokuhlobisa.
Ubunzima noma izinto okufanele uzicabangele:
- Ukuhlanganisa lo mklamo, kudingeka ulwazi olukhethekile namathuluzi. Izimfanelo zabakhi zibaluleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke, akuyena wonke umakhi ozoziphatha ngokwakhe, futhi ama-brigade kuzofanele akhethwe ngokucophelela.
- Amafreyimu wokhuni adinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ngezithako zokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokushisa umlilo.
Lapho ukhetha iphrojekthi, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekushayeni umoya omncane. Izinto zokwakha ezifakwayo zifakwa ngokuphelele, kepha kusukela ekubukeni kokuphepha kwemvelo kushiya kufiseleka kakhulu. Uma indawo yokuhlala incane, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale umoya omncane ngokwemvelo, kodwa-ke, ngendlela efanele, uhlelo lokushintshana komoya olujwayelekile kufanele lubalwe futhi lufakwe.
Ekufakweni kwemiklamo yohlaka "emanzi" ayisetshenziswa. Lesi sici sikuhle kakhulu, ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka
Ukuqina kungenye yezinzuzo eziphambili zendlu yohlaka, njengoba isebenza njengesiqinisekiso sokufakelwa okuhle kwamafutha. Kodwa futhi inasohlangothini lwe-Flip - ukwephulwa kokushintshana komoya. Ukuze imikhiqizo yemfucuza yabantu, uthuli nezinye izinto kungazukubi kakhulu i-microclimate esakhiweni, hhayi ukwehlisa inani lomoya-mpilo emoyeni, kuyadingeka ukuklama uhlelo lwomoya ophakeme olusezingeni eliphezulu
Yini ongayenza:
- Isihlahla. Naphezu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokucutshungulwa, izinkuni zivezwa umswakama, ama-microorganisms. Ngokwesilinganiso, uhlaka olunjalo luhlala lufika eminyakeni engama-60 futhi lungaphansi kwabalingani bensimbi ngamandla, ukukhanya, kanye nokumelana nezinto ezonakalisayo zemvelo.
- Metal Ekwenzeni umkhiqizo, kusetshenziswa iphrofayili elisheshayo elishisayo. Izinzuzo zako ukumelana nomlilo omuhle kakhulu, isisindo esiphansi, nokumelana nokugqwala. Izingxenye zensimbi azihlaseli ukuthi zihlasele isikhunta noma isikhutha. Konke lokhu kungakhuphula impilo yezinhlaka kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-100.
Yini okushibhile ukwakha? Lapho wenza ukulinganisa, inzuzo ecacile izoba ngaphezulu kohlaka lwamapulangwe. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu "ebheka esikhathini esizayo" futhi ebheka izakhiwo ezisezingeni eliphakeme zephrofayili ezishisayo, khona-ke impilo yayo yensiza ikhokhela izindleko ngokuphelele.
Isisekelo singakhethwa ngethayili, ikholomu noma itheyiphu, kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi. Ungonga ophahleni okulula ukulifaka - i-gable noma i-attic. Okukhethayo kukunjiniyela.
Futhi, izinto zokwakhiwa kwe-veranda ngohlobo lwasehlobo lwehlobo kungaba lusizo: //diz-cafe.com/postroiki/veranda-na-dache-svoimi-rukami.html
1 sq. m yohlaka lwensimbi inesisindo esingu-30-50 kg, nge-lining - cishe ama-200 kg. Ingxenye encane yendlu eqediwe ikuvumela ukuba wakhe on nenhlabathi engazinzile. Iphrofayili isetshenziswa futhi ekwakhiweni kabusha kwezakhiwo ezinezakhiwo ezithwele umthwalo ophethe kakhulu.
Inketho # 2 - ukwakhiwa kwezitini
Izitini ngenye yezintandokazi. Kunzima ukubiza izindlu zishibhile. Izindonga kufanele zenziwe zikhulu, futhi zidinga ukufakwa okungeziwe, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme kakhulu zezakhiwo. Isisindo sesakhiwo esiphelile sikhulu, ngakho-ke isisekelo siyadingeka siqine impela. Kwenziwa kuwo wonke ukujula kokubandwa kwenhlabathi.
Kunzima ukonga kukho. Okubi kufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa okude, okunzima. Kodwa-ke, ukuqina kwezinhlaka, ukuphepha kwazo umlilo nokusebenziseka kwazo ngezindlela eziningi kukhokhela izindleko.
Uma ubheka amanani entengo yokwakha isakhiwo esiqinile kumawebhusayithi ezinkampani ezikhethekile, uthola umbono wokuthi izindleko ziphansi. Kodwa-ke, noma intengo yokwakhiwa kwe-turnkey ayifaki isiphetho esihle: ukufakwa kaphansi, iminyango yangaphakathi, ukulungiswa kwamapayipi, njll.
Uma konke lokhu kwenziwa ngokuzimela, khona-ke kuphela izindleko zezinto zokuthenga okufanele zengezwe kuzindleko. Uma udinga ukuqasha abasebenzi, bese ukhokhela abasebenzela kona. Ukwakha kuyazuzisa kuphela uma umnikazi wesiza ekhethe kahle iprojekthi futhi umsebenzi omningi ungenziwa ngokuzimela.
Ividiyo: Izitini Zokwakha
Inketho # 3 - emabhuloki kakhonkolo aerated
I-block yokhonkolo ene-aerated ingumncintiswano ofanelekayo wezitini zendabuko. Ukwakhiwa kwamabhokisi kunenzuzo enkulu kakhulu kunokwakhiwa. Ukuqina kodonga kungancishiswa ngo-1/3 ngaphandle kokulahleka kwezakhiwo zokufudumeza ezishisayo. Indwangu ngokwayo ilula kakhulu, evumela ukonga ngenxa yesisekelo. “Ibhonasi” eyengeziwe yomnikazi wendlu iwafaka kahle umsindo.
Indlu kakhonkolo aerated “iyaphefumula”, ukushintshana komoya akuphazamiseki kuyo, ngoba pores seziphelile. Kodwa-ke, ngesizathu esifanayo, amabhlogo awabhekwa njengeyona ndlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela amanzi. Uma ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ngokungahambisani nobuchwepheshe, isakhiwo esiqediwe nakho kungahlanzwa. Kuyadingeka ukunaka umhlobiso.
Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sokwakha, isakhiwo sikakhonkolo sangemuva singakhiwa ka-2-3 ngokushesha kunesitini, empeleni asinciphi. Ukuxhuma amabhlogo, kusetshenziswa izingoma ezikhethekile zeglue. Kulokhu, kuyathandeka ukusebenzisa udaka nosimende ojwayelekile, ngoba inikeza umugqa omningi ongadala ukwakheka “kwamabhuloho abandayo”.
Enye yezinto ezimbi emabhulokhi ukhonkolo aerated ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphansi, ngakho-ke kufanele unakekele ukuqeda kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Njengezinto zokwakha ongazisebenzisa usimende, ohlangothini, itshe
Inketho # 4 - izakhiwo zezingodo ezomnotho
Kumakhi, izingodo zinenzuzo enkulu kunenye into. Uma siqhathanisa izingodo nezindonga zezitini ngokuya ngezakhiwo ezonga ukushisa, kuvela ukuthi isakhiwo se-spruce esinobukhulu obungu-220 mm nesitini ngobukhulu obungama-600 mm sizofudumala ngokufanayo. Imvamisa, kuthathwa izingodo ezingama-200 mm ukuze kwakhiwe, kusetshenziswa i-heater enobukhulu obuyi-100 mm bese kusetshenziswa ungqimba lodaka oluvela ku-20 mm.
Izinzuzo zokhuni:
- inzuzo;
- ukwakhiwa okusheshayo (okwakhiwe emavikini ambalwa);
- ubuchwepheshe obulula;
- ukuphepha kwemvelo;
- ukufakwa okuhle kakhulu kokushisa;
- i-microclimate ekhululekile;
- ukwakhiwa kalula.
Uma ukhetha kusuka lapho kushibhile ukwakha indlu, khona-ke ugodo luyindlela yokuwina-win. Kuyasizakala, futhi ubuchwepheshe bulula, futhi bungakwazi ukuqashelwa cishe noma yimuphi umnikazi wesayithi, uma esevele enamakhono wokwakha.
Lapho wakhe izindlu kusuka ngokhuni, udinga ukuklama ngokucophelela ukufudumeza kanye nezinhlelo zamandla. Izakhiwo zithathwa njengengozi yomlilo. Futhi, isihlahla sesaba umswakama, ngakho-ke, sidinga ukuvikelwa umswakama kanye nesikhunta.
Futhi, ungakha indlu yezwe kusuka esitsheni, funda ngayo: //diz-cafe.com/postroiki/achnyj-dom-iz-kontejnera.html
Qhathanisa amanani ngesikwele semitha
Ukuthi kwakhiwa kanjani futhi kushibhile kangakanani, kungabonakala ezinombolweni zokulinganisa. Uma siqhubeka nezinkomba ezimaphakathi ekubaleni (ukujula kokuqothulwa kwenhlabathi - 1.5 m, amanzi aphansi komhlaba - 2,5 m, inhlabathi enesihlabathi esivuthayo), khona-ke unganquma izindleko zokwakhiwa kwemitha eyi-skwele. Ngokuya ngezakhi, izinombolo zizoba ngokulandelayo:
- ukwakhiwa kozimele - ama-ruble angama-875;
- isitini - ama-ruble angama-2330;
- ukhonkolo o-aerated - ama-ruble angama-2000;
- ugodo - ama-ruble ayi-1900.
Ukubuyekezwa kwezinto ezidumile - ividiyo
Ngokusobala, indlu yohlaka izobiza unjiniyela ishibhile kakhulu. Ekugcineni, ekunqumeni ekukhetheni, udinga ukubheka zonke izici zephrojekthi, inhlabathi, indawo uqobo. Ukubalwa akubandakanyi ukukhokha ngezinsizakalo zeqembu lokwakha. Umsebenzi weholo yinto eyengeziwe (futhi engabhekwa!).
