Ukuqhosha kwangempela kwabalimi - iplamu yaseChina "i-Alenushka"

Ama-plums aseShayina bahluke kakhulu kubantu abajwayelekile ekhaya ngokubukeka nokunambitheka, noma kunjalo, abazange bathole ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi ezindaweni zethu.

Babonakala eRussia kungekudala, kepha ngokusebenzisa kwabo izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha eziphawulekayo nezinhlamvu ze-plums sezivele zitholakale.

I-plum yama-Chinese ehlukahlukene i-Alenushka ikakhulukazi eyakhiwe ngokukhula kwendawo ehambisana nesimo esinzima sezinga eliphakathi kweRussian Federation.

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zavela maduzane kakhulu futhi abalimi abambalwa bazi ngakho.

Incazelo yeplamu Alyonushka

Incazelo ye-Plum "Alenushka":

1. Isihlahla I-Alyonushka iphansi, cishe ngo-2-2.5 m, ne-pyramidal, hhayi umqhele okhulu kakhulu. Amahlumela anamandla, eqondile, obomvu nombala, aneziqu ezincane ze-internodes, hhayi izinwele. Ama-buds ahambisana, aphakathi, angacindezelwa ukuba abaleke.

   Amaqabunga ahamba isikhathi eside, abukhali, avule umthunzi ohlaza okwedlulele, obunzima. Emaphethelweni wekhasi kukhona amazinyo amancane, iphoyinti kanye nesisekelo sisho. I-scape isikhathi eside, hhayi obukhulu kakhulu.

2. Izimbali eliluhlaza, elikhulu, elimhlophe, elihle kakhulu. Khula izingcezu ezingu-3 ku-inflorescence, ngakho-ke iplamu yaseChina ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-three-flowered. Ngesikhathi amahlumela ezimbali zimbozwa ngokuphelele ngezimbali.
3. Amajikijolo Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinhle kakhulu, zinkulu, zinesisindo esingama-40-50 amagremu, spherical. Isikhumba sincane, kodwa sinamandla, sibomvu noma sibomvu emnyama, sinombala wokubheka.

   Inyama iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iluhlaza kakhulu, inamanzi amaningi, enephunga elimnandi elimnandi, elimnandi nelomuncu, ukunambitheka kuyakhumbuza kakhulu i-peach.

   Izithelo zihlala kahle ngesitshalo esifushane, esinyene, futhi ungaphazamisi uma usuphelile. Ithemba liphakathi nendawo enkulu, alihlukanisiwe no-pulp.

Isithombe

Ukubona ngokucacile iplamu "u-Alenushka" ingaba esithombeni esingezansi:

Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa

Alenushka watholakala ngokudlula izinhlobonhlobo zakudala ze-plum yaseShayina ibhola elibomvu nabesifazane baseShayina abasekupheleni kwesiShayina. Abalimi beziko lokukhethwa kwe-Oryol G. B. I-Zhdanov ne-A.F. Kolesnikov. Izinhlobonhlobo zenziwe ngo-2001 kuzo zonke izifunda zaseCentral Black Earth zeRussian Federation.

Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene

I-Plum Alenushka i-grade yokuqala yokuvuthwa kwetafula. Amajikijolo asetshenziswe kakhulu, kodwa nawo ahle kakhulu kuma-compotes noma ama-jams. Izithuthi zokubekezelela izithelo, kodwa azigcinwa isikhathi eside ngokwanele.

Ukuthela izithelo lezi zihlukahlukene ziqala ekuqaleni, eminyakeni emithathu emva kokuduka. I-Alyonushka ikhula ngaphambi kokuvela kwamacembe kuqala, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Izimbali zikhulu kakhulu futhi zihle, kodwa, zifushane. Ukukhiqiza akuphezulu kakhulu, kodwa kuzinzile minyaka yonke. Ukuvuna kungaqala ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Lokhu plum ezihlukahlukene i-self-infertile, ngakho-ke izinhlobo zokuvuna kumele zibekwe eduze komunye nomunye. Ku-Alyonushka, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Skoroplodnaya zizoba yi-pollinator engcono kunazo zonke, kodwa noma yiziphi izinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry plum noma iplamu yaseChina enokuvuthwa kokuqala okufanayo kufanelekile ngale njongo.

Thola ukuthi yini enye inhlobo yezinhlobo ze-plum yase-Chinese: Iphupho le-Orel, i-Skoroplodnaya, i-Xenia, i-Yellow Hopty.

Plum Alenushka, lapho ikhulile emgwaqeni ophakathi, ukumelana kakhulu kwamaqhwa. Iyakwazi ukumelana neziqhwa ezinzima kakhulu, phansi kuya ku -37 futhi ngisho -40C, futhi ayikwazi ukubekezelela ubusika obufudumele nobusika. Ngawokushisa okunjalo, uvame ukugcoba engxenyeni engezansi ye-trunk, okungagcini kuphela ekunciphiseni isivuno, kodwa futhi ukubhubhisa umuthi.

Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlobonhlobo kungcono ukukhula kumafomu abakhayo, noma ukhethe ukutshala indawo enqabeni.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Isikhathi esihle kakhulu ukufika e-Alyonushka kuyinto ekwindla, futhi indawo ivulekile, ephakeme futhi ilanga, enezinga eliphansi lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, okungcono kakhulu emagqumeni. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nevundile, hhayi acidic futhi ingabi usawoti, ilula. Lungise cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala.

Indawo ekhethiwe imisiwe, isuse wonke ukhula futhi, uma kunesidingo, lime.

Bese ulungisa umgodi, ngokuqondene Alenushka, kanye nezinhlobo ezingu-3-4 zokuvuna, ngokulandela indlela yokutshala: 5 * 3 m.

Ngokuba Iplamu yaseShayina izimbiza zenza amancane: ukujula kwama-40-50 cm nobubanzi obufanayo. Khona-ke kunezelwa amabhakede amabili omquba ocolile kahle, isigamu ibhakede lofulawa i-dolomite, umlotha owodwa kanye no-200 g ngamunye we-superphosphate ne-potassium sulphate, uhlanganise konke kahle bese ufaka i-hillock encane kusuka enqabeni engaphezulu enhlabathini phakathi komgodi. I-sapling ibeka ngokucophelela kuyo futhi izimpande zifakwe enhlabathini ehlanzekile, evundile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, intamo yempande ingcwatshwe emhlabathini ngo-2-3 cm. Emva kokutshala, umuthi ukhululekile (40-50 l) futhi uphuzisa futhi udilize umgodi. Ukuze izinga lokusinda elihle kakhulu lezithombo, ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokutshala liphuziswa kaningi, lingavumeli inhlabathi ukuthi yomile. Bese unciphisa ukuchelela. Ukuze unciphise ingozi yamagxolo emagxolo, ebusika, iziqu zezithombo ziboshwe ngamagatsha ase-fir.

Ngonyaka olandelayo, entwasahlobo, Alenushka uqale ukondla nge-nitrogen fertilizer (urea noma i-ammonium nitrate). Ngesikhathi esifanayo ufeze ukusika izihlahla. I-trunk eyinhloko isifushane, futhi amagatsha ohlangothini anqunywe ngamasentimitha angaphansi ngezansi.

Ehlobo futhi uchitha ukudla, okungenani izikhathi ezimbili. Kusetshenziselwa lesi sombululo samanyolo e-phosphorus-potassium ngokufaka inani elincane lezinkuni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qiniseka ukuthi ukhula njalo, ukhulule futhi unamanzi inhlabathi. Emoyeni eshisayo neshisayo, amanzi amaningi futhi avame.

Entwasahlobo, izihlahla ziphathwa kahle ngezilungiselelo ezikhethekile zokuvikela izifo nezinambuzane, futhi zihlola ngokucophelela umqhele futhi ziqede wonke amagatsha agulayo kanye namaqhwa.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Hlunga i-Alyonushka Liyakwazi ukulwa nezifo ezinjenge kleasterospiosis kanye ne-moniliosis. Cishe aziphathe neze nezinye izifo ze-fungal. Noma kunjalo, minyaka yonke uhlushwa ukuhlasela okukhulu i-plum aphid.

Lezi zinambuzane ezincane kodwa eziyingozi zidla amaqabunga namahlumela eplamu. Ungayithola engxenyeni engezansi yeshidi. Amaqabunga abathintekile aphenduka ngokushesha, aphilile futhi anomile, futhi umuthi uba buthakathaka futhi uyeke ukukhula.

Ama-aphid ama-hibernates emagqabeni amagatsha amakhulu, eduze namafihlethi futhi asetshenziswe ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, ngoMeyi. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukufeza ukucubungula izinkuni kusengaphambili, ngaphambi kokuthi amaqabunga aqhume.

Okokuqala, susa wonke amagxolo endala, amaqabunga omile namagatsha, uphume ukhula bese ukhulula inhlabathi ejikeleze isiqu. Bese uhlanza ngokucophelela isihlahla nanoma iyiphi inambuzane (isibonelo, Iskra).

Ungasebenzisa amakhambi omuntu: isisombululo seseva, ukumnika amaqabunga amazambane noma ugwayi nge-addition of lime. Kusize ukulwa nokulwa nama-aphid anyanisi noma i-garo decoction, ukumnika kwamakhemikhali noma imvuna.

Ekwindla, ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga esehlile ngokuphelele, ungaphonsa iplamu ngesixazululo se-urea esicacile futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ugoba iziqu.

Ukunakekela iplamu yaseShayina akuyona into enkulu. Uma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukufeza zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokunakekelwa nokuvikelwa kwesitshalo, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa isivuno esihle samajikijolo esihlwabusayo futhi anempilo.

Hlunga i-Alyonushka inomthamo omkhulu kufanelekile:

• high ukumelana frost;
• isivuno esihle;
• usayizi omncane nokuhlobisa umuthi;
• izithelo ezinkulu;
• ukunambitheka okukhulu nokubukeka kwamajikijolo;
• ukumelana ne-kleasterospioz ne-moniliosis.

Ukungalungi:

• ukuzimela;
• ishintshe kakhulu ama-aphid.

I-plum yama-Chinese ehlukahlukene i-Alenushka ephelele ukukhula ekhanda labo ehlobo. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kunazo zonke eziphakathi kwamaphakathi.

Ikhutshwe ngempumelelo engadini yezimboni, futhi ngokucophelela, ingaba umhlobiso wangempela wensimu.