Iklabishi iyisitshalo esivamile, kodwa esidinga kakhulu imifino. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubunjwa okunembile kwamakhanda amakhulu nezinsindo, kubalulekile ukuthatha indlela enomthwalo wokufaka umanyolo nokufaka umanyolo esitshalweni.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokudla iklabishi
Lesi sitshalo sithanda inhlabathi evuthayo enomsoco futhi ethuthukile. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungayidla kanjani iklabishi ekwakheni ikhanda iklabishi, kubalulekile ukucabangela uhlobo lomhlabathi nezinhlobonhlobo ezithile
Futhi uma isakhi sangaphambili sasetshenziswa ikakhulukazi, manje umanyolo wamaminerali uthandwa kakhulu futhi usebenza kahle, ngakho-ke ukuthola umphumela omkhulu kunconywa ukuhlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili.
Uyazi? Iklabishi izokhulula ikhanda. Kuyadingeka ukuthi lokhu kufake amaqabunga amasha emathempelini bese uqamba amanga okwesikhashana.
Izinhlobo zamanyolo (nitrogen, potash, phosphate)
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamanyolo:
- i-potash;
- i-phosphoric;
- i-nitrogen.
Izinhlobo zokugcina zihlanjululwa kahle ngamanzi futhi zisetshenziselwa ukutshala iklabishi entwasahlobo, lapho uhlaza seluqala ukukhula, ngoba lunikeza ekuthuthukiseni izinga lempande yemifino yemifino.
Futhi ezimbili zokuqala ziyasetshenziswa lapho ikhanda seluvele seluqala ukwakha. Basiza iklabishi ukuthi ikwazi ukumelana nezifo futhi ikwazi ukubekezelela isimo sezulu esibi. Sulfure kanye ne-iron zifakwe ohlwini lwamaminerali awusizo weklabishi, ngoba zibambelela ekuqoqeni kwamaprotheni futhi zandise impilo yesitshalo.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yeklabishi Umanyolo
Qala ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala iklabishi omhlophe kufanele kube ngisho nasekuweni. Kuwusizo ukwenza umanyolo owenziwe ngeklabishi uma utshalwa phansi. Iklabishi isabela kahle emhlabathini "onobucayi", ngakho-ke umlotha ovamile wamalahle noma i-lime kuzoba ngumsizi omuhle.
Kudingeka bahlakazeke emhlabathini ngesikhathi bemba, kuzosiza ukunciphisa i-acidity. Uma ukuqeqeshwa okuqala kungaphumeleli, ungafaka umanyolo engadini cishe ngesonto ngaphambi kokutshala imifino. Kusetshenziselwa lokhu komquba, ohlakazekile nxazonke zomhlaba futhi ofafazwe phezulu emhlabeni.
Uyazi? Odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukuthi iziguli ezinezilonda zesisu zisetshenziswa fresh juice, njengoba iqukethe vitamin U, esiza ukubuyisela ukusebenza yepheshana emathunjini.
Indlela yokutshala iklabishi omhlophe, ukondla kwekhalenda
Umanyolo weklabishi kufanele usetshenziswe ngendlela efanayo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala kuze kufike isikhathi sokuvuna.
Kodwa lapha kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluleli, ngoba kuyoba nomthelela omubi ekubukeni kwemikhiqizo yemifino (ukuphahlazeka kungase kubekwe emakhanda) kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrate eyingozi. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenzeka ngemuva kokukhishwa ikhwalithi ukuphuza imibhede kusihlwa, noma ngosuku oluthile.
Uyazi? Uma uphonsa isinkwa se-stale emanzini lapho iklabishi ikhiqizwa khona, iphunga elingavamile elicasula abathandi abaningi beklabishi abilisiwe kuzophela.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kweklabishi izithombo
Ukuze ungazibuza ukuthi kungani izithombo zeklabishi zikhula kabi, udinga ukwazi ukuthi nini nokuthi uzowondla nini futhi nini. Iklabishi elimhlophe ekwenzeni ukukhula idla inqwaba yezinto ezisisekelo zenhlabathi lapho etshalwe khona, okusho ukuthi kwenza inhlabathi "ibhubhe". 
Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba njalo ukondla iklabishi, ukutshala hhayi ngesikhathi sokutshala, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula nokukhiqiza. Izitshalo zeklabishi ziyasetshenziswa uma zitshalwe emgodini, kodwa kuphela uma kungekho-pre-enrichment yenhlabathi ngezindaba eziphilayo eziwa.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-8-11 emva kokukhetha izithombo zeklabishi, ukondla kokuqala kwenziwa ngesisombululo semayini yamanzi. 3 g we-potassium chloride, i-7.5 g ye-ammonium nitrate kanye no-12 g we-superphosphate zichitheka ngo-3 l wamanzi.
- Khona-ke, futhi ngezinsuku ezingu-8-11, ukudla okuphindaphindiwe kwenziwa. Thatha u-2-3 g we-ammonium nitrate ku-1 litre lamanzi.
- Futhi ukudla okwesithathu kwenziwa 3-4 izinsuku ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo embhedeni wensimu. Ukubunjwa kufana nokudla kokuqala, 4 g we-potassium chloride, 6 g we-saltpeter no-16 g we-superphosphate kuthathwa ngamalitha amabili kuphela amanzi.
Iklabishi yokugqoka ephezulu emva kokufika emhlabathini
Ngemva kokuba izithombo zitshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo, umbuzo uvela, ukuthi ungadla kanjani iklabishi ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini.
Uma umanyolo ungasetshenziselwa emithonjeni, ukondla kokuqala kweklabishi omhlophe kwenziwa cishe izinsuku ezingu-16 emva kokutshala. Njengoba sekuvele kwaziwa, okokuqala kudingeka ugcwalise inhlabathi ngaphansi kweklabishi nge-nitrogen.
Kuyoba ngesimo semifuno ephilayo noma ifomu lemineral - hhayi ebaluleke kangaka. Emalitha angu-20 wamanzi, unganciphisa ilitha elilodwa lamanzi amaningi bese ufaka amalitha angu-0.5 kwisitshalo ngasinye. Ngomthamo ofanayo wamanzi ungathatha u-40 g we-saltpeter, owondla kahle inhlabathi.
Noma kunjalo kukhona okukhethwa kukho kokudla kwe-foliar. Emalitha angu-20 wamanzi, engeza amabhokisi amasha wokulinganisa we-saltpeter bese uphefa amaqabunga ngemifino.
Ukugqoka kwesibili iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Njengoba kunconywa ukuba kube neminye yamaminerali kanye nama-organic fertilizer uma ufaka izitshalo zomanyolo, manje ungagcina udaba oluphilayo.
Umquba, umquba wezinkukhu, ukukhipha umlotha kusetshenziswa (2 izinkomishi zomlotha kuthathwa 2 l amanzi, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-4-5 zokumnika, ukuhlunga bese uthele iklabishi).
Kubalulekile! U-Ash usiza ukuvikela imifino kusuka ezinambuzane. Emanzi emva kokuchelela noma amaqabunga emvula efafazwe ngomlotha ukuze "unamathele" eluhlaza.
Imvubelo yeBrewer iphinde ifakazelwe kahle. Ngaphambi kokondla iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile, lungiselela ikhambi eliketshezi elisekelwe emanzini. Ukuze kube nomthelela omkhulu, kufanele usetshenziswe kuphela esimweni sezulu esifudumele, ukuze inhlabathi ishushu.
Ukugqoka okulandelayo kusetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezinjengeklabishi ezimhlophe. Thatha ama-60 g we-superphosphate ne-mullein ukumnika.
Emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokuqala, ukugqoka okwesine kufanele kwenziwe, okumele kube negalelo lokugcina isikhathi sesitshalo. Ngama-alitha angu-20 amanzi, kungaba ilitha elilodwa lomlotha oshiswa noma 80 g we-potassium sulfate.
Kubalulekile! Emva kokudla kokubili, amaqabunga eklabishi omhlophe ahlanzwa ngamanzi ukuze kungabi namanyolo eluhlaza.
Izinhlobo ezikhethekile zokugqoka
Uma inhlabathi ingasetshenziswanga ngesikhathi sokutshala nganoma yisiphi isizathu, ukukhula kancane kwesitshalo kungabonwa. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungondla kanjani izithombo zeklabishi ukuze ukhule kahle futhi uhambe kahle.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu ukukhula okusebenzayo kweklabishi omhlophe
Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwangu-2,5, ungasebenzisa izinketho ezahlukene zokondla ukukhula okusebenzayo kweklabishi omhlophe. Ngokuvamile inkukhu yomquba noma umanyolo osetshenzisiwe (2 izindebe ezihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-20 amanzi), urea (15 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10), i-ammonium nitrate.
Ngendlela, i-saltpeter ingathengwa ngenani eliphansi, futhi liletha izinzuzo ezinkulu. Into eyinhloko akuyona ukuyiqeda ngomanyolo we-nitrate, ngoba ukwedlulela kwe-nitrogen, okuye kwacebisa ngayo, esikhathini esizayo kungaholela ekufakeni ubuthi nge-nitrate.
Indlela yokudla iklabishi ukwakha ikhanda iklabishi
Ukuvuthwa kweklabishi lokuqala kudinga ukondla ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwekhanda iklabishi. Sekusele izinsuku ezingu-14 emva kokudla kokuqala, ungasebenzisa i-nitrophoska (100 g ngalinye ngamanzi angu-20 l), umlotha wokhuni (1 inkomishi nge 1 l yokukhipha), ukumnika izinyoni zezinyoni noma umquba wezinkomo.
Ukukhulela iklabishi yokuqala ku-greenhouse kuyoba ikhiqiza nomanyolo we-phosphate. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzosiza imifino ukuqoqa izakhi ekupheleni kwenkathi ekhulayo yokwenza ikhanda iklabishi. Inketho ekahle yi-superphosphate, lapho cishe ku-16 kuya ku-18% we-phosphorus iyatholakala.
Yiqiniso, enhlabathini e-acidic, i-phosphorus izobe ingenwa kahle. Kodwa, njengoba sekuyaziwa kakade, iklabishi ngokuvamile ayinconywanga ukuba itshalwe enhlabathini "emuncu".
Kubalulekile! Iklabishi elimhlophe ekhulayo, ukufaka umquba kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngamaminerali, hhayi into ephilayo.
Ukwazi ukuthi ukondla iklabishi kanjani ensimini akwanele. Ngaphezu kokunisela okuvamile, ukufaka umquba, ukukhulula inhlabathi, endaweni lapho iklabishi ikhula khona, akufanele kube khona ukhula. Abagcini nje kuphela ukuvimbela ingress yokukhanya nokushisa ezitshalweni, kodwa futhi badla amaminerali amanzi kanye nezakhi ezivela enhlabathini, okuphazamisa isimo kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo semifino.
