I-Azalea, noma i-rhododendron - enye yezimbali ezinhle kakhulu, ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalandeli bezitshalo zangaphakathi. Imbali ibongwa ngokukhethekile ngenxa yezimbali zayo eziqhakazile, eziluhlaza ezingabangela ukuphefumula kwentwasahlobo phakathi kwamaqanda ebusika. Lesi sihloko sigxile ekamelweni lokuzala: imithetho yokutshala nokumnakekela ekhaya, ngaphansi kwesitshalo esizohlala sijabulisa umnikazi wayo ngombala omangalisayo futhi anikeze isimo esihle.
Igumbi azalea: incazelo
I-Azalea (isiLatini Azalea) yiqembu lezinhlobo zezitshalo zezimbali zezihlobo zeRhododendron, yomndeni kaHeather. Izwe lakuleli sitshalo ngamazwe asempumalanga yeChina neJapane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi itholakala kuleli zwekazi laseNyakatho Melika naseningizimu yeYurophu. Igama elithi "azalea" livela esiGriki futhi lisho ukuthi "omile." Bayibiza ngakho ngenxa yokubukeka, njengoba kuvame ukuba nesibhakabhaka esomile esincane. Igumbi le-Azalea liyaqhakaza eneminyaka engu-3 kuya kwengu-4. Ngokuvamile, izimbali zalo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa zikhona nezimo ezinezimvu ezimhlophe, ezigcwele obomvu, i-lilac, obomvu, noma ngisho nezimbali ezimbili. Ama-flower pals ngisho, kancane terry noma terry. Emvelweni, kunabameleli abangaba ngu-350 bama-azaleas, okuyiwona amabili kuphela okuyizindawo.
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-azalea elenziwe nge-Indian is India. I-green, branched, shrub encane, ephakemeyo cishe engama-50 cm. Amaqabunga amancane, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, emaphalini amancane, agcwele izinwele ezibomvu. Izimbali ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhakeni, zifinyelela ububanzi obuyi-3 kuya ku-5 cm, ziqhakaza ebusika.
Futhi uhlobo lwesibili - I-azalea yaseJapane, futhi i-shrub esivamile, ilula kancane kuphela. Umehluko walo omkhulu ovela kumaNdiya azalea ngezimbali - amancane kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lungakhula hhayi kuphela egumbini, kodwa futhi engadini.
Uyazi? Isipho esithandwa kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukugubha u-azalea embizeni, kodwa ngokunakekelwa okungalungile ekhaya, kuvele ngokushesha futhi kufe. Uma uthenga i-azalea yezimbali, kubalulekile ukukhetha isibonelo esinenani elikhulu lefihlekile. Imbali enjalo izokuvumelanisa ngokushesha nendawo entsha futhi isikhathi eside iyojabula ngezimbali zayo ezimangalisayo.
Lapho ukubeka khona i-azalea, indawo yokukhetha imbali
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-azalea iyisitshalo esingenakuqhathaniswa, ngakho-ke, ukuze sijabulise ngangokunokwenzeka ngezimbali eziningi, kuzomele uzame ukuthola indawo ekhululekile yokuyigcina.
Ukukhetha indawo nokukhanyisa
U-Azalea uyisitshalo esithandekayo, kodwa asibekezeli ilanga eliqondile. Kulungile ukuyibeka ebhakheni elinesilazi noma e-windows sill ehamba empumalanga, enyakatho noma entshonalanga. Into eyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngesitshalo ngomthunzi okhanyayo noma obala.
Kufanele kube yikushisa nomswakama
I-flower azalea idinga izimo ezikhethekile zokushisa, okungenza kube nzima ukunakekelwa ekhaya, ngoba isimo sezulu samakamelo okuhlala asilungele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukushisa okunethezeka kakhulu kulo mbali kuyinto +15 ... +18 ° С. Akulula ukudala izimo ezinjalo egumbini lokuphumula, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubeka i-azalea emgodini ofudumele, umzila ongashintshi noma kwenye indawo epholile.
Phakathi nenkathi yokwakheka kwe-Budget, kutuswa ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kuya ku-10 ... + 12 ° С. Ehlobo, i-azalea kufanele ivikeleke ekushiseni, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuyibeka ekamelweni eliphephile emoyeni ukugcina izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-+18 ° C. Emoyeni oshisayo, othakazelisayo wendlu ejwayelekile noma efasiteleni ngaphansi kwebhethri elishisayo, i-azalea izofa ngokushesha.
Umswakama ocacile we-azaleas ubaluleke kakhulu njengokushisa, ngakho kuyoba nzima ukumnakekela ekhaya ngomoya omile. Ukuxazulula inkinga yokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kungasiza Ukuphamba okufanele noma i-home air humidifier. Ukupompela kwe-Azalea kufanele kube kuhle futhi kwenziwe ngamanzi apholile. Kungabekwa eceleni kweziqukathi zezitshalo ngamanzi okushisa.
Kubalulekile! Awukwazi ukuphalaza i-azaleas phakathi nenkathi yezimbali - izimbali zalo ezibucayi ziphosa emanzini.
Izici zegumbi lokuzalisa i-azalea
Ama-aza aza anezici zabo zokutshala nokunakekelwa okunye, okumele kubonwe ukuze kukhule isitshalo esinempilo, esiphuthumayo.
Kufanele kube inhlabathi yokutshala
I-Azalea ingenye yezitshalo ezimbalwa zasendlini ezikhulayo enhlabathini e-acidic. U-Heather umhlaba noma ingxube ye-peat ne-coniferous land in isilinganiso esingu-2: 1, ngokungeziwe kwesanti esincane, kufanelekile ukulima. Ezitolo ezikhethekile, ungathenga inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ehloselwe ukutshala izitshalo ze-acidophilic (inhlabathi enomusa).
Ukukhethwa kwamandla okufika
I-Azalea inezimpande ezingajulile, ngakho-ke kufanele kukhethwe ibhodlela elingajulile lokutshala ukuze izimpande zingasondelene nakakhulu emhlabathini.
Indlela yokutshala u-azalea
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-azalea ekhaya, udinga ukulungisa izimbiza ngobunqamuleli bamanzi wezitini eziphukile noma amatshe amancane kusengaphambili. Bese ubeka inhlabathi elungiselelwe kuleli tangi bese uhlwanyela ama-azalea cuttings, ukumba inxenye eyodwa nengxenye kuya kwamamitha amabili. Uma izitshalo eziningana zitshalwe esitsheni esisodwa, ibanga eliphakathi kwazo kufanele libe ngu-4-5 cm. Ngemva kokuphuma, lezi zinhlayizi kufanele zihlanganiswe ukuze ziqinisekiswe ukuthi zithinta ukushisa komhlabathi kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwe-+25 ° C kanye nomswakama okungenani u-80%, izithombo ze-azalea zizoqala izimpande ezinamandla ezinyangeni ezimbili.
Imithetho yokunakekela u-azalea ekhaya
I-Azalea idinga umsebenzi wokunakekela ekhaya ophelele, okubandakanya ukuchelela, ukondla, ukusika izihlahla, ukugcoba nokufakelwa kabusha.
Ukunisela nokutshala izitshalo
Ukuphuza izaleas kumele kube njalo, akufanele uvumele inhlabathi ukuthi iphele. Amanzi okuchelela kufanelekile kuphela, alula futhi ahlungiwe, kungcono uma kungcono kakhulu. Uma inhlabathi isomile kancane, ungabeka u-azalea esitsheni ngamanzi amahora amaningana. Uma i-azalea ikhulile endaweni yokushisa, bese kubusika kunconywa ukuba ubeke iqhwa noma iqhwa ebusweni bomhlabathi eduze kwesitshalo. Kuyinto engathandeki ukukhulula inhlabathi; lesi sitshalo sinomsuka omncane, onobuhle obusenhla futhi obonakaliswe kalula.
Uyazi? Uma ufaka amaconsi ambalwa kalamula kamanoni emanzini okunisela, izimbali ziyobe ziningi kakhulu. Lokhu akufanele kwenziwe ngazo zonke ukuchelela, kodwa kabili ngenyanga.Yondla i-azalea entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kanye ngesonto. I-Superphosphate, i-ammonium sulfate, i-potassium sulfite, i-ammonium nitrate isetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwesitshalo, kutuswa ukusebenzisa i-superphosphate ngesilinganiso esingu-15 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Indlela yokunciphisa i-azalea
Ukuze i-azalea ihlume kahle, isitshalo kumele sinqunywe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Inhloso yokusika izihlahla ukudala umqhele wokuvuthwa kanye neziqu ezifanayo. Ukudubula kwenziwa ngaphambi kuka-Mashi-Ephreli ngezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, futhi ngo-Meyi-Juni kulabo abazayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungabambeki ngokucheka izihlahla, uma kungenjalo amaqabunga ezimbali ngeke akhiwe ngesikhathi futhi izimbali ziyoba buthakathaka. In azaleas yakha umqhele wezinhlobo ezimbili: ngesimo somuthi omncane noma shrub. Ukwakha umuthi, bakhetha elinye lamagatsha amakhulu kunazo zonke esihlahleni esincane futhi sikhule isiqu kuso; wonke amahlumela ayanqunywa.
Ngemuva kokuba i-trunk ikhule, udinga ukuchofoza ithiphu. Ngemuva kwalokho, isihlahla siqala ukushayela, kuzodingeka siqhubeke sijikeleza futhi sinyathele amagatsha ohlangothini ukuze sithole umqhele ophephile. Uma ushiya ukuma kwesihlahla, ukusika izihlahla minyaka yonke kuncipha ukunciphisa wonke amahlumela asedlule bese ususa amahlumela okungadingekile futhi obuthakathaka okonakalisa ukuma kwehlathi.
Ukuhlanganisa i-Azaleas
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-2.5 emva kokufika kwezinsizwa ezincane abazitholayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimbali ezintsha ezingabonakala, zisusiwe, njengoba zivimbela ukwakhiwa kwamahlumela amasha. Ukuphinjwa okuphindaphindiwe kwenziwa emva kwezinyanga ezintathu, ukusika izitshalo ku-4-6 amahlumela. Ukuze ukwakhiwa kwesihlahla samafomu afanele, iziqongo zesitshalo zikhonjiwe ngo-10-12 cm ukusuka emhlabathini, futhi isihlahla siphendukile futhi amahlumela ahlangene ahlungwa ukuze amagatsha akhule ngokulinganayo.
Kanjani futhi nini ukwenza ukufakelwa kwe-azalea
Imisebenzi yokunakekela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ihlinzekela nokufakelwa kwe-azalea, eyenziwa minyaka yonke ekhaya. Kungcono ukutshala isitshalo ebusika ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Unyaka ngamunye, udinga ukutshala izitshalo ezincane, ngoba abantu abadala bazokwanela kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Ukufakelwa ngokufaka izimbiza ezingajulile kanye nengxube ye-peat ne-pine umhlaba ngokungezwa kwesihlabathi. Benza lokhu ngokucophelela, besebenzisa indlela yokushintshwa kwe-coma yomhlaba, ngoba i-azaleas inezimpande ezincane kakhulu ezincane ezibucayi ezonakaliswa kalula.
Izifo ezinkulu ze-Azalea nezinambuzane
U-Azalea uvame ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane, njenge-molelea yama-azalea, i-greenhouse i-whitefly, i-mealybug kanye nabanye. I-Azalea imvukuzane isitshalo esithile esilawulayo esilimaza amaqabunga, okuyinto eyomile, iqhume futhi ife. Izibungu ezidliwayo ezindala ziwela emaqabunga aphilile, ziwafaka zibe amashubhu futhi ziqhubeke zikhula lapho.
I-whitefly ye-greenhouse ibuye ihlukumeze amaqabunga e-azalea; i-soot ukhunta igxila ekusithekeni kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-whitefly iphethe izifo ezithile eziyingozi eziyingozi kwizitshalo zezimbali. Ama-strawberry izibungu abangela ukulimala okukhulu ku-azaleas, ngenxa yokuthi amaqabunga amancane esitshalo angena ngaphakathi, esikhundleni sezinto ezimbili ezincane, eziphilayo ezincane ezincane, ezingenakuqhakaza zakhiwa. Izitshalo zinciphisa ekukhuleni futhi ziyafa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Futhi i-azaleas iyakwazi ukuthola izifo eziningi okufana ne-powdery isikhutha, isikhunta esibomvu, i-rust, fusarium nezinye. Amalungiselelo amakhemikhali e-Actellic noma ama-Aktara (1 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi) kanye ne-Plant Pin noma i-Etisso asiza kahle lezi zifo nezinambuzane, okuyinto intambo emhlabathini ebangeni 2 cm kusukela stem.
Izindlela zokuzalisa ama-azalea
I-Azalea ikhiqiza ngokuyinhloko ngokusika. Ukusika ama-9 cm ubude butshelwa esitshalweni esinempilo kuphela kanye ngonyaka. Izigaba ze-Oblique zenziwe ngaphansi, ngaphansi kwezinso. Amaqabunga aphansi esitsheni asuswe, kanti lawo angaphezulu ahlukaniswe. Khona-ke ama-cutting cuttings aqoqwe ngezicucu zezingcezu ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-10 futhi wehliswa amahora angu-8 kuya kwangu-10 ekukhuliseni ukukhula. I-cuttings itshalwe ezitsheni ezingajulile, emhlabathini owakhiwe ngaphambilini ukujula kwe-1.5-2 cm, bese ihlanganiswa ukudala umphumela wokushisa okushisa.
Izithombo kudingeka zihlale ziphuza umoya, zisuse ifilimu isikhathi esithile. Akufanele sivumele ama-drafts, izinga lokushisa elikhulu liyi +22 ° C. Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zihlwanyele, ifilimu isusiwe, izitshalo ziqala ukuphuza njalo. Lapho amahlumela ekhula abe yi-3 cm, sekuyisikhathi sokutshala kuzo izimbiza ezihlukene.
Amasu amancane: indlela yokwenza i-azalea bloom isikhathi eside
Kunezimfihlo eziningana zokulondoloza i-azalea ezithengwa esitolo ukuze zingasayikujabulela ijubane nezimbali zalo futhi ngeke zife emva kokuwa kwamagalelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, emva kokuchichima, udinga ukususa isitshalo ebhodweni bese uyifaka esitsheni ngamanzi abandayo ukugeza izimpande zenhlanganisela yobumba lapho ikhula khona, futhi ususe izimpande ezifile. Khona-ke uhlelo lwesitshalo kufanele luhlanjululwe kwisisombululo sama-manganese bese utshala isitshalo enhlangothini ekhethekileyo yenhlabathi ye-azaleas. Cishe ngeviki, i-azalea izonikeza amapheshana amasha, izoba khona futhi izothatha isikhathi eside ukuthakazelisa ngezimbali zayo ezimangalisa.
