IGymnocalycium yi-cactus engeniswa ezweni laseNingizimu Melika. Ngibe negama layo kusuka kumagama amaGreek ama-gymnos ne-calycium, elihumusha ngokuthi "indishi enqunu." Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inqubo lapho kuvela khona amagqabi wesitshalo awumbozwa ngemabhulashi noma ngezinwele, njengakwezinye izimbali. Igama elinye laseRussia elithi "holo-inkomishi".
Incazelo ye-hymnocalycium
Ama-Gymnocalyciums angama-cacti ayindilinga, atholwe phezulu. Ububanzi bebhola ngalinye bungafinyelela ku-15 cm kwisitshalo esidala. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kungama-30 cm.
I-Cactus ibaluleke kakhulu kuma-inflorescence amakhulu. Beza ngemibala ehlukahlukene: ophuzi, omhlophe, opinki, obomvu nohlaza okotshani. Umbala wempumelelo uqobo nawo uhlukile, ungaba mpunga ngokuhlaza okotshani noma onsundu ngokuthinta okuluhlaza okukhanyayo.
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-80 ze-hymnocalicium, ehlukile ngokubukeka. Ekhaya, kutholakala imifino ekhule ngamphuzi noma ebomvu. Zingakhula kuphela lapho zixhunyezelwe kwesinye isitshalo. Lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa ngeziqu ezibunjiwe zimbozwe ngamabhucana.
Ukubukwa okudumile
Endle, izinhlobo ze-hymnocalycium azifani, kepha izinhlobo eziningi zokwenziwa zasendlini zivinjelwe abalimi.
| Buka | Incazelo |
| Unqunu noma uDenudatum | Okubanzi okufika ku-8 cm ukuphakama, kumbozwe ngemijikelezo emincane. Umbala uluhlaza okotshani, ocwebezelayo. Inezimbambo ezisukela ku-5 kuye kwezingu-8 nezimbali ezipinki kufinyelela ku-6-7 cm ubukhulu. |
| Okwenziwe ngenkanyezi noma nge-stellatum (Gymnocalycium stellatum) | Ibhola elenziwe ngezimbambo eziningi. Kuma-cactus, imigqa ye-areola ene-canon ihlelwe ngemigqa ebheke phezulu, lapho okhula khona izihlahla ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 Babukeka ngezindlela ezihlukile, yingakho befana nezinkanyezi. |
| Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. i-friedrichiae (Friedrich) | Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-chlorophyll, i-cactus ine-hue ebomvu. |
| IsiJapan | I-Hybrid ye-grade eyedlule. Ingasekela impilo kuphela ngokuxhunyelelwa kwesinye isitshalo. Ithuba lokuphakanyiswa kweJapan ngombala ogqamile: kusuka ophuzi kuya kokubomvu, oku-burgundy kuze kube mnyama. |
| IMikhanovich | I-Spactical cactus enesiqu esihlaza grey noma obomvu. I-inflorescence inezimbambo ezibukhali ezingaba ishumi nambili ezimbozwe ngemikhaba ifinyelela ku-2 cm ubude. Izimbali ziwolintshi okhanyayo noma obomvu, opinki, omhlophe. |
| Damsy | Entwasahlobo, kuvela izimbali eziningi ezimhlophe eziningana kuso. |
| Anizitsi | Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba, kukhombisa ukuqhakaza ngokuthuthukiswa kwamakholiyasi amhlophe aphakathi nendawo. Njengoba ikhula, ingelula kakhulu. |
| Horst | Ihluka hlukene i-lilac, ukhilimu noma i-pink hue, okuthi uma ivulwa, ifinyelele ububanzi be-10 cm. |
| EMonville | Inezindebe zomthunzi omhlophe noma opinki ongafika ku-8 cm ngosayizi. |
Ezitolo zezimbali, uvame ukuthola ipallet enezinto eziningi ezincane ezinobubanzi obufika ku-5 cm. Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-hymnocalyciums. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kubizwa ngokuthi ukuxuba.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Kubalulekile ukucabanga ngemvelaphi yesitshalo. Njengoba i-Presitive idabuka eMelika eseNingizimu, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kudinga inani elincane lomswakama nokufinyelela elangeni. Uma ilanga linganele, lizolahlekelwa ngokushesha isimo bese liqala ukulimala. Kodwa-ke, inani eleqile lemisebe ye-ultraviolet nalo likuthinta kabi.
Indawo
Faka i-cactus emafasiteleni aseningizimu. Ukuvimbela ukusha esitshalweni, kuyadingeka ukusicwilisa noma usebenzise i-tulle ukudala ukukhanya okungahambi kahle.
IGymnocalycium ithanda amakamelo agcwele umoya-mpilo. Igumbi lapho emi likhona kufanele lihanjiswe njalo. Ehlobo ingagcinwa kuvulandi.
Ukushisa
Isitshalo esithanda ukushisa kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla yokuqala sidinga amazinga okushisa ebangeni + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukushisa ngokweqile akufanele kuvunyelwe. Kanye nokushintsha kwesizini, izimo zokushisa kufanele zakhiwe kabusha.
Ekwindla nasebusika, ebangeni eliphakathi lokukhanya kwelanga, akukho hymnocalicium eyanele. Ukugwema izifo ezibabayo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-photosynthesis, kuyadingeka ukumisa ukukhula kwayo. Lo mphumela ungatholwa ngokunciphisa izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lansuku zonke ukuya ku + 8 ... + 12 ° C. Ungayihlenga futhi i-cactus egumbini elinomoya opholile elinokushisa komoya okufika ku-15 ... + 18 ° C.
Ukunisela, umswakama
Ukuze okunciphisayo kungalimazi, awudingi ukuwufafaza ngokungeziwe. Izinga lomswakama elikhulu liphansi.
Ukunisela isitshalo kuyadingeka unyaka wonke. Ehlobo, iniselwa njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba loma emthonjeni. Kusukela maphakathi no-Okthoba kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ukuthambisa kuncishisiwe. Kungcono ukunisela umhlaba ngoketshezi olufudumele, oluzinze kancane.
Inhlabathi, ukugqoka okuphezulu
Okwe-gimnokalitsiuma kudinga ingxube yomhlaba ekhethekile. Ukuyilungiselela, udinga ukuthatha ingxenye eyodwa kwesine (100-200 g, kuya ngevolumu yebhodwe) lezinto ezilandelayo:
- Peat;
- isihlabathi;
- humus;
- ishidi lomhlaba.
Ukuze ukhiphe inhlabathi kahle, kunconywa ukufaka ama-chip wezitini. Ubumba olwandisiwe lungasetshenziswa njengobubanzi obungaphansi. Kubalulekile ukuthi kungabikho limu emhlabathini.
I-atleha ayidingi ukondliwa njalo. Kwanele ukufaka umanyolo we-cacti enhlabathini kanye njalo emavikini ayi-2. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kuphela ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo nehlobo.
Ukufakelwa
Ukuphindisela njalo kuyadingeka kuphela ezitshalweni ezincane. Shintsha umthamo wazo minyaka yonke. Imbiza entsha kufanele ibe kukhudlwana kuphela ubukhulu. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo. Kulokhu, umxube womhlaba usetshenziswa lowo iresiphi yakhe ikhonjiswe ngenhla.
Izimbali
Ukuqhakaza kwama-anculents kuqala ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu wokuphila. Uma i-hymnocalycium iphethwe kahle, ama-buds okuqala azovela ngo-Ephreli. I-inflorescences iyavula futhi ibambe kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Ngemuva kwalokho, ziyabuna, bese amaqanda asendaweni yawo.
Ukuzala
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokusakaza i-cactus - ngembewu noma ngemisiko. Zombili zikhululekile impela futhi zibanjwa ngasikhathi sinye, entwasahlobo. Kungcono ukuqala ukuzalanisa masinyane ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuphumula sasebusika.
Uma ukusikwa kukhethwe njengeyona ndlela esemqoka, kuyadingeka:
- Nqamula inqubo esitshalweni somzali ngokungasisuli noma ngokumane usiphule.
- Funa ihlumela (livumele libune kancane) izinsuku ezintathu.
- Faka ebhodweni elinomhlabathi omanzi endaweni eqondile. Unganamatheli ujule emhlabathini ukuze isibambo singawi, ungasebenzisa umentshisi noma izinyo njengezimpawu zasesiteji.
- Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, hlola isiqu ukuthola izimpande.
Isikhathi sokutshala kusetshenziswa imbewu cishe sinjalo. I-algorithm yokuzalanisa kuleli cala:
- Beka imbewu enhlabathini enomswakama. Mboza ngefilimu.
- Vula ifilimu nsuku zonke imizuzu engu-15 ukuya ku-20 ukuze ususe umswakama ngokweqile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amahlumela angabola.
- Linda amasonto angama-2-3. Ngemuva kwale nkathi yesikhathi kuzovela amahlumela
- Ungatshala ama-unsulents amancane lapho kwakhiwa ameva.
Ukugoma
Ukugoma akudingeki uma izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-hymnocalycium zithengiwe. Kodwa-ke, nzalo engenayo i-chlorophyll ayikwazi ukuba ngaphandle komzimba ophethe. Kudingeka zigonywe nezinye izinsiza. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ingxenye yesitshalo efa ngenxa yokubola kohlelo lwezimpande ithathwa njenge-scion.
Kudingeka ihlumela elikhulayo elinempilo - i-scion. Kokubusayo, lapho inqubo izonamathiselwa khona, isitoko sinqunywe ngokulinganayo. Izingcezu kufanele zihlangane emthambekeni, kanye nendawo yemigqa evumayo.
Isitoko ne-scion kuxhunyiwe ngebhande elastic noma umthwalo cishe isonto. Ukuze inqubo iphumelele, kubalulekile ukusika iziqu ngethuluzi elihlanziwe.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ukunakekelwa okungahambi kahle kuholela ezifweni. Umswakama owedlulele, ukushiswa yilanga, kanye nemililo yethu kusenza isitshalo sibe sengozini kakhudlwana.
Izilonda zesikhunta
Isikhunta kulula ukubona. Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo:
- ukubonakala kwamabala ansundu noma amnyama;
- ukuqina kweziqu;
- ukubola kwezingxenye ngazinye zesitshalo;
- isimo sokuvilapha.
Lesi sifo sikhinyabeza umswakama ngokweqile enhlabathini nasemoyeni, kanye nenani elikhulu le-nitrogen kumanyolo noma ezingxube zomhlaba. Ukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology, kuyadingeka ukususa izindawo ezithintekile.
Izindawo zokusikeka zicutshungulwa ngesakhiwo esikhethekile, futhi uma bekungenakwenzeka ukukulanda, khona-ke ngomlotha. Kuhle ukuthenga ukhukhamba oluchwepheshe.
Uma kwaqashelwa ukuthi inhlabathi esembizeni imanzi kakhulu, ikhiyushu kufanele idluliselwe esitsheni enengxube entsha yomhlabathi. Ezinsukwini ezi-4 ezilandelayo ngemuva kwalokhu, ukuthambisa akudingeki.
Umhlonyane
Ngemuva kwe-mealybug, kulandelelwa imhlophe emthini. Ungawuqeda ngosizo lokubumba utshwala noma i-Inta-Vir, i-Aktellik ne-Vertimek insecticides.
Uma kutholakala izinambuzane ezimbalwa nje, kwanele ukumanzisa ingaphezulu lezibabayo kanye nezibungu uqobo ngokwazo notshwala. Endabeni yokutheleleka okungathi sína, ukwelashwa okuqanjwa ngochwepheshe kuyadingeka.
I-aphid kanye nesicabucabu
Ama-spider mites kanye ne-aphid akuholeli ekufeni kwe-cactus ngokushesha, kepha asenomphumela omubi kakhulu kuyo. Izimpawu zezinambuzane - kuphuzi ngezigaba ngazinye ze-cactus nokomiswa.
Njengoba i-cactus ingabekezeleli umswakama ngokweqile, akunakwenzeka ukuyicubungula ngamanzi anosokisi amahlandla amaningi. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele kusetshenziswe ama-insecticides nama-acaricides. Amakhambi e-Universal azo zombili izinhlobo zezinambuzane ngu-Actellik no-Aktara. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-7-10, ngokujwayelekile izikhathi ezingama-2-3.
