Izithelo ezingavamile zifaka ukuphila kwethu. Uma ngaphambili sasinelisekile izithelo ezifakwe emathinini ("ukudlala okushisayo", "i-ananas in juice yethu", njll.), Manje kunoma yisiphi isitolo ungathenga kalula izithelo ezintsha kusuka kwenye indawo ekugcineni komhlaba. Amehlo ahlakazeka - aboniswa ngezindlela zokudla ezishisayo eziteleka ngezinhlobonhlobo zembala, iphunga, izinhlobo ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ukuthenga izithelo ezingajwayelekile kungase kuphazamise (hhayi konke, emva kwakho konke, kuhlala eThailand noma Bali) futhi uphakamise imibuzo eminingi: yini izithelo ze-lychee, ukuthi ungadla kanjani izithelo ezinjalo nokuthi yini edlayo kuwo, ukuthi uyakuthanda kanjani nokuthi ngabe unempilo yini.
Uyazi? Inkulumo endala kunazo zonke zomuthi we-litchi ibuyele emuva ngonyaka we-59 (inkathi yobukhosi bamaShayina Han Eastern) yindaba mayelana nomuntu ohloniphekile owazama ukuzitshela izithelo ze-litchi, washesha ukutshela u-Emperor Liu Zhuang mayelana nokudla okutholakala (nakuba kunezinganekwane ngo-Emperor Wu Di osesekhona 2 BC Ngangifuna ukuhamba ngama-lychees enyakatho yeChina). Cishe indawo yokuzalwa yama-litchi iseningizimu yeChina. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngekhulu lesishiyagalombili, uMbusi Tang Xuanzong wathumela amadoda angama-600 ukuba athathe lezi zithelo isancinza sakhe esithandekayo, u-Yan Yuhuan (umkhwa wesifazane odumile eChina naseJapane), owabathanda kakhulu. IsiVietnam bakholelwa ukuthi i-litchi yaphela eChina njengesipho esivela kumbusi waseVietnam waseMiya (nakuba kuyaziwa ukuthi kwakungekho nkosikazi eVietnam, kwakukhona "umbusi omnyama uMeyi" - indoda empofu eyavukela amaShayina futhi yazibiza ngokuthi umbusi). Umkhankaso omkhulu ngezipho (okuphakathi kwawo kwakuyizingoma) waya eChina nomsunguli wedolobha lamaMac - Dang Zung. Kodwa kwase kuvele ngo-1529.
Kuyini i-lychee
I-Lychee (i-Litchi chinensis) iyisihlahla esisihlahla esihlakulayo esinomqhele omkhulu. Ikhula ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-30. Ikhula ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-Eurasia, i-Afrika neMelika. I-Lychee inezinye amagama amaningi: "Ipulayini yaseChina", "Limes", "iso lesiginja", "Amagilebhisi aseChina", "Lisi", "Ama-Linches". Amaqabunga ayenamaphutha, i-lanceolate, umbala omnyama ohlaza.
Lapho izimbali, izimbali ezingenazo izikhala zakha ama-inflorescences. I-Lychee iyisitshalo esimangalisayo se-melliferous (impova ikakhulukazi izinyosi). Izithelo zikhula ngamaqoqo (izicucu ezingu-13-15 ngasinye) futhi zivuthwe ngoMeyi-Juni. Ukuvuna okuvela ku-10 kg (ezindaweni ezipholile) kuya ku-150 kg (ezimweni ezifanele).
Izithelo ze-Lychee zinesimo se-oval, ubukhulu besuka ku-2 kuya ku-4 cm, isisindo sibe ngu-20 amagremu. Izithelo ezibomvu ezibomvu nezikhumba. I-Lychee ikhasi lihlukaniswe kalula (limbozwe ifilimu ngaphakathi) futhi livula i-white-jelly ithenda. Inyama inezinambitheka ezimnandi nezomuncu, ezinomunwe omncane we-plums namagilebhisi. Ngaphakathi kwezithelo kukhona ithambo elimnyama elimnyama (lifana ne-acorn).
Naphezu kokuningi kwezinhlobonhlobo (ezingaphezu kuka-100), ethandwa kakhulu yizo:
- ilenga elihlaza - elilodwa lasendulo kakhulu nelingavamile. Igcina inhlanhla ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zezinsuku ezintathu;
- ama-rice ama-rice amabhola. Uhlukana nobusi kanye nenhlamvu encane ye-sunflower (ngezinye izikhathi engekho jikelele);
- I-Huaychi ("ama-bunches amajikijolo asesandleni");
- March obomvu (uvuthwe ngaphambi kwakho konke);
- Umswakama weYang Yuhuan (ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ijusi elibomvu ekhoneni);
- sweet osmanthus. Ukuthola iphunga lembali le-osmanthus.
Baqoqa izithelo zama-litchi ngamaqoqo (kungcono ukuzithutha, zigcinwa isikhathi eside). Ngokuvamile, ukuphepha kangcono ngesikhathi sokuhamba, bavuna ukuvuthwa. I-Lychee igcina ukunambitheka kwayo kwangempela kungakapheli izinsuku ezintathu emva kweqoqo.
Uyazi? Ukubukeka eYurophu nokusabalalisa emhlabeni wonke kwe-litchi kuphoqelelwe ku-botanist waseFrance uPierre Sonner (1748-1814). Usosayensi wahamba waya e-Indochina, e-China futhi akazange alethe kanye nezincazelo zezitshalo ezingabonakali, kodwa nezithombo zawo. AmaFrench ayethanda ukunambitheka kwe-litchi kangangokuthi ngo-1764 ngo-Fr. Isilimo sokuqala salesi sitshalo satshalwa yiReunion (injini J.-F. Charpentier de Cossigny de Palma). AbaFulentshi bafika i-litchi cishe. Madagascar (waba ngumhlinzeki womhlaba wonke walesi sithelo). I-Lychee yaqala ukukhula kabanzi eNingizimu Afrika, e-Australia, eziqhingini zaseJapane zaseNingizimu, eMelika Ephakathi, eBrazil nase-USA.
Ikhalori, inani lokudla okunomsoco nokubunjwa kwe-lychee
I-Lychee ihlukaniswe ngekhalori elincane ~ ~ 66 kcal, eliphansi kwamafutha namaprotheni. Izithelo zicebile kakhulu kumavithamini namaminerali. I-asicorbic acid (71.5 mg) ithatha isikhundla esiphambili phakathi kwamavithamini. Indawo ebalulekile idla amavithamini eqembu B - niacin, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pantothenic ne folic acid. Kukhona futhi i-vitamin K noma i-phylloquinone engavamile (ebalulekile ekuvimbeni kwegazi evamile), E (tocopherol), D (viosterol) ne-H (biotin).
I-vitamin group ixhaswa ngezinto ezincane nezincane: i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-calcium, ithusi, i-magnesium, i-sodium, i-zinc, i-selenium, i-iron, i-manganese, i-iodine.
Kubalulekile! I-Lychee ikhasi liqukethe amafutha amaningi abalulekile. Banikeza ukunambitheka kwezithelo. Ekudleni, amathambo kanye ne-peel aziqedi.
Njengomthetho, ama-lychees adliwa fresh noma acwebe (njengoba aqukethe izindawo ezizuzisa kakhulu). E-India, i-Indochina ne-China ungathola okuthiwa "ama-litchi nuts" ~ izithelo ezomile kuleli khayi. Ngesikhathi sokumisa, ikhasi liyanzima futhi, uma lizama, i-nucleolus eyomile ingaphakathi ngaphakathi (kunamavithamini ambalwa, kodwa ukugcinwa kwamaminerali kugcinwa.)
Yini i-litchi enhle ngomzimba?
Inhlanganisela ehlukile yamavithamini namaminerali, ikhalori ephansi yenza i-lychee umkhiqizo owusizo nomuthi wokwelapha.
Ukuvimbela i-anemia
Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezithelo zetchi ngokusiza ngempumelelo ekuvimbeleni i-anemia. Iphesenti eliphezulu yethusi e-litchi idlala indima enkulu ekwandiseni inani lamaseli abomvu egazi.
Uyazi? Ithimba laseCongo liyathandwa kakhulu e-Asia. Uma utshwala, kuphuma iphunga elivuthiwe elivuthiwe, kuyilapho kunambitha kukhona ukunambitheka okhethekile kwe-lychee ubumnandi. Imfihlo yalesi teyi kuwukufakwa kwezicucu ze-peche ze-lychee. E-Thailand, le teyi idakwe yiqhwa njengesiphuzo esiphuzo.
Siza ukugaya
Ama-Lychees aqukethe izintambo ezinomsoco, ukhulula esiswini kanye namathumbu avela ezintweni ezinobuthi nokulimaza, ukuvuselela ukugaya (ukuqeda ukuqotshwa). I-Lychee pulp inempahla e-antacid, isusa i-nausea, iyasiza ngehudo elincane, i-asidi yesisu ne-dyspepsia. Imbewu yamapulazi emithi yendabuko yaseNdiya naseVietnam yasiza ukulahla izibungu, ukubhekana nokuphazamiseka kwepheshana lomzimba.
Ngesikhumba sobuhle
Ukubonakala kwesikhumba ebusweni nomzimba kungathinteka ngenyama ye-litchi. Icebile ezingxenyeni eziningi ezihle esikhumbeni, zondla futhi zithuthukise, zinezinto ezivimbela i-antioxidant, zisiza ukubuyisela i-collagen, ithuthukisa ukubukeka, ilulaza imibimbi. Ekhaya, kulula ukwenza imaski yobuso kusuka ezitsheni ezintsha. Amafutha kanye nama-creams aqukethe i-lychee nawo akhiphe okusetshenziselwa kabanzi ukunakekela isikhumba.
Amandla amathambo
Amaminerali (phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, calcium, njll) ukugcina kahle isimo samathambo namazinyo. I-Lychee pulp iqukethe i-vitamin D (ebalulekile ukuthi umzimba uthathe i-calcium).
Uyazi? I-Lychee ibizwa ngokuthi i-aphrodisiac eqinile. E-China, kukholelwa ukuthi izithelo zetchi zigxila amandla "Yang" okuphezulu - "alingana nezibani ezintathu zomlilo", uphawu lwothando nobuntu. Ukubukwa okufanayo ku-lychee kukhona emithi yokwelapha yaseNdiya - ngaphambi kokuhlangana ndawonye, kunconywa ukuthi umbhangqwana othandweni udle izithelo ze-lychee, futhi izinzuzo zayo zizobonakala ekuthuthukiseni amandla esilisa ocansini nokukhanga.
Ukunciphisa
Kusukela emathangeni we-litchi izithelo, i-oligonol yasungulwa, ephumelelayo ukunciphisa umzimba we-fat nokuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi. I-Lychee ikhiphe ifakwe ezidakamizweni ezihlukahlukene zokudla. Ukwazi ukuthi ungadla kanjani i-lychee kahle (okungukuthi, ukusebenzisa okusha kuze kube ngu-250 g ngosuku) kuzosiza labo abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba. Isithelo sama-Lychee ngamanzi angu-82%, i-calori ephansi, i-cholesterol ayikho, iqukethe i-fibre enempilo ne-pectin.
Ngenhliziyo
Ubuningi be-polyphenols (15% ephakeme kunokuqukethwe kwabo emagilebhisi), okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nicotinic acid, potassium, ithusi kanye nama-manganese ngenani eliphelele kwenza ukusetshenziswa I-Lychee iyasiza kakhulu kubantu abanezinhliziyo nezinkinga zamathambo. I-Lychee isusa i-cholesterol eyedlulele, ihlanza imithwalo yegazi, ilawula imvamisa yezinhlangothi zomzimba wenhliziyo, ilawula izinga lokucindezelwa, njll.
Ukungahambisani nemikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-litchi ngabantu abadala akunazo imingcele ekhethekile, futhi akukhokho ukuphikisana kwabo (ngaphandle kokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi). Ngisho nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-litchi, into ebi kakhulu engenzeka kungenzeka ukucasuka kwe-mucosal kanye nokwakheka kwegesi emathunjini, Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa.
Kubalulekile! Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu azivunyelwe ukudla izithelo zetchi.. Labo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 ubudala kumele banciphise inani lezinyosi (izingcezu ezimbili noma ezintathu) futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, hhayi ukuzinikela ngesisu esingenalutho. Ngo-2017, ososayensi bathola imbangela yengozi yaminyaka yonke phakathi kwezingane eNdiya: iminyaka engama-25 kusukela maphakathi no-May kuya kuJuni, ukugula okukhulu kwezingane ezine-encephalopathy enzima kwenzeka (iziguli ezingama-40% zafa). Isizathu siwukuthi izithelo ze-lychee ezingapheli ziqukethe i-hypoglycine ne-methylenecyclopropylglycine (ivimbela ukwaziswa kwe-glucose). Wonke lawa bantwana adla ama-lychees angalungile ngesikhathi sesifo sesisu esingenalutho, futhi amazinga abo e-glucose awela ngokuqinile.
Ngakho-ke, ukunganaki lokho i-lychee ewusizo dNgomzimba wengane, akudingekile, kodwa kubalulekile ukunamathela emithethweni elula: unike izithelo emva kokudla, ukhethe izithelo ezivuthiwe nezithelo, qinisekisa ukuthi azikho ukuphendula kwe-allergenic.
I-Lychee ekwelapheni nase-cosmetology
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali okuyingqayizivele wezithelo zetchi kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izithelo nezakhiwo zalo ezizuzisayo kokubili ngendlela ehlanzekile nangendlela yokukhishwa kwezidakamizwa zokudla, njengengxenye yezidakamizwa, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela izifo eziningi (ikakhulukazi esebenza e-China, Korea, eJapane).
Ososayensi abahlukanisiwe i-polyphenol oligonol kusuka ku-litchi, okuyinto susa umzimba wama-radicals wamahhala. Izithelo ezisebenzayo litchi ukuze ubone - aqukethe i-zeaxanthin.
I-litchi exotic ifakiwe ekubunjweni kwezidakamizwa ze-anticancer, izidakamizwa, ukusekelwa kwe-immune, inhliziyo, anti-edema, ukukhwehlela nezinye izidakamizwa. I-Lychee isiraphu iyasiza nge-anemia. Umuthi wendabuko usebenzise kabanzi izithelo, ikhasi, imbewu, i-lychee izimbali zokwelashwa kwezifo eziningi.
Uyazi? Iningi lokukhishwa kwe-litchi lenziwa ema laboratories eThailand naseChina. Ukukhishwa kutholakala ezithelo ezihlutshiwe nezomisiwe eziphathwe izixazululo eziphilayo. Ngemuva kokucwiliswa nokomisa, i-powder ephuzi ngaphandle kokunambitheka nephunga iyatholakala. Isetshenzisiwe esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo yokwelapha neyisimonyo.
I-Litchi iphuma ekubunjweni kwamalungiselelo okuzithokozisa (ubusuku nemini, ama-shampoos, ama-balms, ama-creams, ama-masks, ama-varnishes, ama-sprays, njll.) unethonya eliphumelelayo: 
- kunciphisa futhi kunciphisa isikhumba esomile nesinkinga;
- ivuselela amaseli;
- ivikela emisebeni ye-ultraviolet;
- kugcina ukulinganisa kwamanzi esikhumba;
- kunomphumela omuhle ezinwele (ukondla, uqinisa izimpande kanye namathiphu ezinwele, ubuyisele izindawo ezilimele).
Indlela yokukhetha isithelo se-lychee efanele uma uthenga
AmaLychees avuthwe ngoJuni-Julayi. Ngokucabangela isikhathi esifanele sokuhamba (eya eYurophu esuka eThailand, eVietnam, njll), izithelo zihlanjululwa ngendlela engavuthiwe (ukuvuthwa endleleni), ngakho-ke udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani ama-lyches. Ama-lychees amahle afika emashalofini ethu ekwindla. Uma ukhetha izithelo kufanele uqaphele:
- ngombala. Izithelo kufanele zibomvu (shades kuya burgundy kuzokukhuluma ngaphezulu-ripeness, lighter, yellow - of ngaphansi-ripeness);
- esiqwini (kufanele sibe ngaphandle kwamathambo);
- kwi-peel (ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka nokulimala);
- ekubambeni (udinga ukuzamazama - kuzoba nokubamba ukukhanya. Lesi yisibonakaliso sokuthi akukho ukubola);
- on iphunga (kufanele uzizwe elula pink iphunga).
Kubalulekile! Izithelo ze-Lychee azihambisani nokugcina isikhathi eside. Ekamelweni lokushisa, balala amalanga amabili noma amathathu. Esikhathini esiqandisini, ungakwazi ukunweba impilo yeshalofu kuze kube ngesonto. Uma ungahlukanisi izithelo ezivela ebhodini - kuze kube amasonto amabili efrijini. Njengendlela yokukhetha - i-lychee ingenziwa iqhwa (lokhu ngeke kuthinte ukunambitheka, futhi wonke amavithamini azogcinwa). Izithelo kufanele zihlanzwe ngaphambi kokuqandisa.
