I-Gloxinia iyimifino engapheli yomndeni wakwaGesnerievyh. Indawo yabo ihlathi eliqhamukayo eNingizimu neMelika Ephakathi. Ezingxenyeni zethu, lokhu kungenye yezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu zasendlini. Kuyinto engafanelekile, eqinile, ngakho-ke ngisho nabaqalayo baqala ukulima. Abalimi bezimbali eziphambili kakhulu bahlanganyela ekukhuliseni inhlamvu entsha ebonakala ngokoqobo njalo ngonyaka. Ngokuvamile, izivivinyo zifakwa kwi-gloxinia terry - izinhlobo zezitshalo ezihle kunabo bonke, okuyizona ezihlukahlukene ze-Yesenia nazo.
Izinhlobo ze-Gloxinia "Yesenia": incazelo kanye nezici
"Esenia" - igama lekhodi ye-Dutch hybrid. Izinhlobonhlobo zinesihlahla esimaphakathi nama-petioles aphakathi. Noma, uma umhlinzekela ngendlela efanele, ingakwazi ukwelula kufika ku-30 cm ubude. Izimbali zinkulu kakhulu, zinokuma kwe-rose, ezakhiwe kusuka kuqoqo lwamagceke amabili. Kungaba nombala omnyama noma umbala obomvu. Kodwa uma evulekile ngokugcwele, umngcele ogqamile ubonakala emaphethelweni amacembe. I-Gloxinia "I-Yesenia" inezici zayo ezihlukahlukene - iqhuma kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside.
Uyazi? Sekuyisikhathi eside, kanye negama elithi "Gloxinia", igama elithi "synningia" lisetshenziswe njengendlela efanayo. Noma kunjalo, kusukela ngo-2012, lesi sabelo sinikezwe efomini elizimele. Isizathu salesi sinqumo kwakukhona umehluko ohlelweni lwempande zezitshalo. I-Sinningia yakha izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingaphansi komhlaba, kuyilapho i-gloxinia ivumela i-rhizome, i-rhizome e-scaly ekhulisiwe. Kodwa emazweni athile, i-Gloxinia kuqala ibhekwa njengensimu, kanti eyesibili - inhlobo yemvelo.
Ngokuvamile, i-gloxinia "i-Yesenia" inezincazelo ezifanayo nezinye izinhlobo. Umehluko wayo kuphela izimbali ze-terry zomthunzi ojulile ojulile. Izici zokuziphatha kwazo nazo ziyizici zezinhlobo zonke.
Uma imithetho yokugcinwa kwayo iphulwa ngokweqile, izimbali zomile, ziyawa futhi isitshalo asenzi amaqabunga amasha.
Okudingayo ukwazi ngokutshala i-terry gloxinia
Uhlelo lokutshala kokuqala kwentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, amahlumela amasha awakhiwe kwi-tuber. Ukutshala izitshalo uthathe izimbiza ezincane zepulasitiki noma zobumba.
Ukukhanya nokuqukethwe kokushisa
Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhanya, kodwa sihlakazekile. Kungcono ukuwubeka egumbini elikhanyisiwe entshonalanga noma empumalanga. Ngakho ekuseni nakusihlwa imisebe eqondile yelanga iyakwehlela kuye, futhi ngolunye usuku uzothola ukukhanya okwanele.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukugwema ohlangothini oluseningizimu, ngamahora emini kuyadingeka ukufihla izimbali zasendlini ye-gloxinia emisebeni eqondile yelanga, kungenjalo amaqabunga azo amancane azoshiswa ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezimnyama.
Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ubeke ishidi lesikhumba, foil, ungqimba oluphindwe kabili lwamanethiwekhi omswakama efasiteleni.
Lesi sitshalo sizizwa kabi endlini egxumekayo, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezishisayo. Indawo eyingozi kunazo zonke ibhaluni elivaliwe ntambama eshisayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lesi sitshalo siphuka amahlumela, sishiya somile futhi siphume. Kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukuvuselela igumbi, kodwa futhi ukuze lukhuni isihlahla ngokwayo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ugweme izakhi kanye nezinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni.
I-Gloxinia "Esenia" inezici zesitshalo esidinga ukukhanya kwelanga eside - okungenani amahora angu-14 ngosuku.
Ngakho-ke, uma ilanga lingakanele, lesi sitshalo kufanele sikhanyiswe ngesibani se-fluorescent. Ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ezitshalweni ezincane noma izithombo ezikhulile kusuka kumbewu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izibani ze-LED ngesisekelo esijwayelekile noma izibani ze-fluorescent.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Ukutshela konke mayelana negumbi gloxinia, kubalulekile ukunaka inhlabathi. Kuzo izitshalo ezifanelekayo ze-violets, ezingathengwa kunoma iyiphi i-flower shop. Kodwa ungakwazi ukupheka ngokwakho.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlanganisa lezi zakhi:
- ingxenye yama-humus amaqabunga;
- ingxenye yenhlabathi yeshidi;
- ingxenye yesihlabathi somfula;
- izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat;
- izinhlabathi ezimbili ze-turf.
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nokuphendula okubuthakathaka kwe-asidi pH = 5.5 - 6.5. Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ekupheleni kwenkathi ngokuvamile kunomuthi osawoti ophezulu, ngakho kufanele ushintshwe njalo ngenkathi.
I-substrate yekakhukhunathi ingasetshenziswa, kepha ngokuvamile inomsindo omncane noma ongathathi hlangothi. Ukuze ulungise ama-asidi, izingcezu ze-pine bark eziqoshiwe ziyongezwa kuso.
Kubalulekile! Ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, isitshalo silungele ukuphumula kwasebusika. Indlela yokukhulisa i-gloxinia kule nkathi? Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuchelela ekukhanyeni kanye ngenyanga, yeka ukusebenzisa umquba. Kungakapheli inyanga, wonke umhlaba kufanele ufe. Khona-ke ibhodlela ihlanzwa endaweni epholile (10 - 15 ° C) izinyanga ezingu-4. I-tuber ingasuswa ebhodweni, ifihliwe emasini noma e-sawdust iphinde igcinwe khona kuze kuFebhuwari. Phakathi nobusika, ifakwe emhlabathini omusha, onomanzi, izinga lokushisa elimnandi liphakanyiswa, futhi ukuchelela kuqala.
Ukutshala ubuchwepheshe gloxinia "Esenia"
Ukunquma ukutshala i-gloxinia ekhaya kuqala ngokukhetha ibhodlela elifanele. Lesi sitshalo sidinga umthamo ongajulile, kodwa ububanzi. Ngokujwayelekile bathatha ibhodlela elilinganayo, kodwa uma izilimo eziyizigaxa sezikhulile kakhulu, kufanelekile ukuthatha enye enkulu.
Ukugeleza kufanele kuhlanganiswe phansi, futhi ubumba alukhuthazwa. Kungcono ukuthatha izingcezu zewayini, isikhukhula.
Uyazi? Abanye abatshali batusa ukungeza emhlabathini njengalokhu kuhlaselwa itekitta equkethe i-zeolite. Zixubene nenhlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1: 5. Lokhu kwandisa amandla ayo okumswakama futhi akuvumeli ukuthi ibambe ndawonye.
Indlela yokufakelwa kabusha idinga ukuthi impande ingcwatshwe emhlabathini omusha ngesigamu, ngoba ngokutshala okujulile kuzonikeza ihlumela elilodwa kuphela, lapho kuyoba khona amaqabunga amakhulu, kanti lesi sitshalo sizolahlekelwa umphumela wayo wokuhlobisa. Lapho itshalwe kahle, isihlahla esincane sinikeza amahlumela amabili, futhi umuntu omdala - kuze kufike ezinhlanu.
Indlela yokunakekela i- "Yesenia"
Lesi sitshalo kubhekwa njengokungahlehlisi, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukubhekana nalo, ngisho nolwazi oluncane ku-floriculture.
Ukunisela izitshalo
I-Gloxinia idinga ukuchelela kaningi, ikakhulukazi phakathi nenkathi yokukhula okunamandla nezimbali. Kodwa qinisekisa ukuthi phakathi nale nqubo, amanzi awiwi amaqabunga ayo namahlumela amancane. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela yokukhuphuka.
Qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi awaqhubeki enhlabathini. Uma limile kusukela ngenhla, kubalulekile ukulinda izinsuku ezimbalwa futhi ngemva kokuba amanzi aphinde asitshale. Amanzi kumele ahlanzwe, ngaphandle kwe-chlorine nokufudumala okuncane kunekamelo lokushisa. Okuyingozi kakhulu amanzi abandayo ngenkathi ukwakhiwa kwefihlekile kanye nezimbali. Ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, ukuphuza kancane kancane kunciphisa, ukulungiselela isitshalo isikhathi se-dormancy ebusika.
Kubalulekile! Ngezinye izikhathi ekwindla lesi sitshalo asimi ngisho nangemva kokuphela kwezimbali. Khona-ke kufanele imise ngokuphelele ukuchelela, ufake endaweni epholile. Uma sekuphelile ngokuphelele, nquma bese ushiya kuze kube phakathi nonyaka-ubusika.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, isitshalo kufanele sinikezwe umswakama okwanele womoya - cishe 70 - 80%. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukusebenzisa i-spray kuyingozi esitshalweni.
Ungakwazi ukulungisa lesi simo ngokubeka imbiza eduze ne-aquarium ngokufaka isitsha ngamanzi noma ngobumba obunwetshiwe obunwe eduze kwalo.
Umanyolo womhlabathi
Emva kokutshala izakhi zomzimba izitshalo zithatha cishe inyanga eyodwa nesigamu, emva kwalokho udinga ukuqala ukudla. Izitshalo ze-gloxinia "Yesenia" zisetshenziselwa ukufana nezinye izindlu zokuvuna ezivundile, kanye nama-violets. Kufanele abe ne-phosphorus ne-potassium ngaphezulu kune-nitrogen. Zilethwa ngamasonto onke ngamanzi okunisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umanyolo we-violets uthathwa emtheni kabili ngaphasi kokunconywa, futhi izitshalo zezimbali - ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezine kunalokho kuboniswe kuphakheji.
Ukukhiqiza i-gloxinia
Imbali ingahlanjululwa ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- ukuhluma inhlanzi.
- i-tuber division;
- imbewu yokuhlwanyela;
Cuttings ukuchitha amaqabunga ehlobo. Leli qabunga lisikiwe libe izingxenye ezintathu, izitshalo zisuswa bese zifakwa emhlabathini, zijule ukusika ngo-0.5 cm.
Nsuku zonke, ifilimu isuswe ngokushayela umoya, isusa i-condensate futhi ifaka inhlabathi. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu, izimpande ezincane kufanele zivele ngaphansi kweshidi. Khona-ke amahlumela angatshalwa zibe izimbiza ezizimele futhi emva kwezinyanga ezine ukulinda izimbali zokuqala.
I-Tuber ihlukaniswe ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwentwasahlobo. Hlukanisa ukuze kube nehlumela ku-delenka ngayinye. Ungakhohlwa ukuphatha izindawo ezinqunywe ngamalahle.
I-delenka ngayinye kufanele itshalwe ebhodweni enobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-13 cm. Ngenkathi ikhula futhi ikhula, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kufanele libe okungenani +20 ° C.
Ngokuba ukukhiqiza ngembewu Ungathenga izinto zokutshala esitolo esikhethekile, futhi ungaba, uma isitshalo sesivele usendlini, ziqoqe ngokwakho. Esikhathini esilandelayo, ngesikhathi sezitshalo zezimbali kuzodingeka ukuba ipholile. Lindela imbewu ukuthi ivuthiwe ngemuva kokwenza ibhokisi kuzothatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngoFebhuwari, isakazeka phezu kwesikhala esiswakanyisiwe kanye nenhlabathi ye-peat. Khona-ke ukuhlwanyela kumele kuvalwe ifilimu bese kufakwa endaweni efudumele.
Ukufika kuzodinga ukukhanya nokuvama nsuku zonke isigamu sehora. Amahlumela okuqala kufanele avele emavikini amabili. Ngokubukeka kwawo, ukushisa kubusisiwe, ibhodlela liyadluliselwa endaweni ekhanyayo. Uma kushiya amaqabunga eqiniso noma amabili avela ezitshalweni, awela emabhokisini ahlukene. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, izitshalo kufanele ziqhakaze.
I-Gloxinia ehlukahlukene "Yesenia" - izifo eziyinhloko nezinambuzane
I-Gloxinia iyakwazi ukubhekana nezifo ezivamile neziqondile.
Amaqabunga aphuzi abonisa umswakama ophansi, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, ukudlula ngokweqile kwama-fertilizer. Amabala aluhlaza emaqabunga avela ukushisa kwelanga. Bangase bathi lesi sitshalo sibanda kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emva kokuphuza, noma ukuthi kunisela ngamanzi abandayo kakhulu. Amahlamvu alahlekelwa ukubukeka kwawo okunempilo nangamanzi amaningi. Lesi sitshalo singadonselwa ngamandla.
Uma uphula imibandela yokuboshwa ingavela i-powdery isikhutha noma ukubola okumpunga ngezimbali namaqabunga. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuchelela kume okwesikhashana, izingxenye ezithintekile zisuswe, futhi inhlabathi iphathwa nge-fungicide systemic. Lezi zifo ezijwayelekile ze-gloxinia, futhi ukwelashwa kwazo kwenziwa ngezindlela ezijwayelekile.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isitshalo esibonakala sengathi sinempilo siyenqaba ukuqhakaza. Lokhu kusikisela okuqukethwe okungalungile: phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula kwagcinwa endaweni enomfudumalo futhi eyomile, etshalwe enhlabathini engafanele, ixhaswe ngamanyolo we-nitrogen, ayizange inikeze izimo zokukhanya ezanele, umswakama.
Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, lesi sitshalo sibhekene nokuhlaselwa. i-aphid, i-nematodes, i-whiteflies, izibungu zesicabucabu, i-mealybugs, i-thrips. Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ama-insecticide ngokumelene nabo, kodwa lezo ezingabangeli zivutha emaqabunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-sprays, kunokuba ususe izixazululo, njengoba isitshalo sinamaqabunga.
I-Gloxinia "Yesenia" - omunye wabamele abakhulu kunazo zonke zezitshalo ze-terry zalesi sitshalo sangaphakathi. Umbala ojulile ogcwele izimbali zawo awushiyi nandaba nanoma yimuphi umlimi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnakekele futhi wande ngokulula. Kubalulekile nje ukuthi ungavumeli umswakama ukuba uphumelele enhlabathini futhi unikeze isitshalo ngesilinganiso esanele sokukhanya.
Ebusika, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuphumula okuphelele, ukusika izinsalela ezingxenyeni zomhlabathi nokususa ibhodlela endaweni epholile. Ngemuva kokutshala kabusha entwasahlobo, imbali izobe ijabulise isikhathi eside ngamafihle amahle kakhulu.
