Abanikazi be-Orchid abanesibindi babhekisela ekubukeni kwamahlumela ase-lateral (okuthiwa yizingane) ezintandokazi zabo, ngoba lena yithuba elihle lokusakaza isitshalo futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, inselele amakhono abo okuzimbali. Akulula ukukhulisa ama-orchid, futhi ukutshala isitshalo esiphelele kusuka ku-scion kunzima kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ukuthi yiziphi izingane ze-orchid nendlela yokuzifakisela kahle.
Okuyingqayizivele kokukhiqizwa kwezendlalelo zangasese
Izingane ze-Orchid ziyisiqalo sentombazane encane evela esitshalweni somdala. Babizwa nangokuthi keiks (kusukela ku-Hawaiian "keiki", okusho ukuthi "ingane" noma "izingane"). Kubantwana, ukuba khona kwamaqabunga (umehluko obaluleke kunazo zonke kusuka empandeni yomoya noma i-peduncle) kanye nohlelo lwempande. Ochwepheshe abavumelani ukuthi ukubonakala kwalezi zihlumela kuhle kangakanani.
Ngokomunye umbono, izingane ziwubufakazi bokunakekelwa kahle kwesitshalo kanye nemizamo yayo yokukhiqiza ukuqhubeka kwayo ngokuhlukanisa ngaphambi kokufa. Kodwa-ke, kunombono ophikisana kakhulu, okusho ukuthi ama-orchid ama-orchid avela ebuthongweni bembali eleleke kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle zokuboshwa:
- izimo zokushisa (kusukela ngo-17 ° С ebusuku kuya ku-31 ° С emini);
- umoya umswakama 50%;
- ukukhanya okuhle (ukukhanya okungafani);
- ukusika izihlahla.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze sikhule masinyane emaceleni, kusetshenziselwa i-peat moss (sphagnum), okuyinto (ngemva kokungena emanzini isigamu sehora) ivula i-peduncle nengane. Ukwakha "umphumela wokushisa owedeziwe" owengeziwe, lesi sihlava se-moss sigcwele ifilimu yokudla futhi sinamathele ngendwangu.
Abanye abatshali bembali bavuselela ukubonakala kwe-cuttings ngokunciphisa i-peduncle nokuphatha amaqabunga amnyama nge-hormonal (i-cytokinin) amafutha. Inqubo enjalo ingcono kakhulu (mayelana nokusebenza nokuphepha kwe-orchid) futhi kuphela umuntu ovuthiwe (oseminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-3) futhi isitshalo esiphelele kahle singavezwa kuso. Uma kungenjalo, ukugqugquzela kungabangela izifo ze-orchid. Izinhlobo ezinjenge-phalaenopsis futhi, ngokungajwayelekile, i-dendrobium yizona ezithandwa kakhulu ezinganeni.
Amakhekhe angatholakala:
- kwi-peduncle;
- ezithombeni zeqabunga;
- ezimpandeni (basal);
- esiteshini (basal).
Izimo zokufunda ze-otvodka evuthiwe
Ukuze uthole amaqebelengwane aqinile, anempilo, kusukela ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwezendlala ekufakweni kwawo (isigaba sokuhluma), le mibandela elandelayo kufanele igcinwe i-orchid:
- ukuphuza okusezingeni eliphezulu nokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingu-5-10;
- ukuchelela ngezikhathi zaleso sitshalo ngamanzi (ukuchelela ngaphansi kweshawa, ukuphalaza ngesibhamu) nokugeza amahlamvu emaceleni omabili (ukuqeda uthuli nokuthuthukisa ukushintshwa kwegesi);
- ukukhanya okuhle (amahora emini amahora 12-14);
- ukushisa emoyeni + 22 ... + 25 ° С;
- ngokwanele umswakama womoya (okungenani 50-60%);
- ukugqoka okuphezulu ngamanyolo we-nitrogenous.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokuhlukanisa umntwana, kunconywa ukuthi ulinde kuze kube sekupheleni kwezimbali, ukuze ungabonakali isitshalo somuntu omdala ukucindezeleka futhi uvumele ikhekhe libe izimpande ezinempilo.
Isikhathi nesikhathi sokwakheka
Ngokuvamile izinsana zivela emva kokuchichima. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ngenkathi ebandayo kunzima ukulindela ukuthi i-orchid izoqala amahlumela amasha (ngenxa yokungabi nokukhanyisa komoya okubangelwa ukushisa okuphakathi). Isigaba sokuhluma kwezinsana sithatha isilinganiso sezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi, zakha izimpande namaqabunga, ziqoqa izakhi. Izingane ezitshalisiwe zidinga okungenani iminyaka engu-2-3 ukuba i-orchid evuthiwe bese iqala ukuqhakaza.
Indlela yokunquma ukulungele ukufakelwa kabusha
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungayithinti ingane nge-orchid ekhohlisayo (ukuze izimpande zingakhuli ngokweqile), hhayi ukutshala kabusha kakhulu kusenesikhathi (kungenjalo kuyolimaza futhi ifake izimpande isikhathi eside). Kunezimo ezicacile zokulungela izingane zokuhlukana:
- ukutholakala kwamabhuloki amabili amapheshana aphelele;
- Ukuba khona kuka 3-4 izimpande 5 cm ubude
Indlela yokutshala izingane ze-orchid ekhaya
Isimiso esiyinhloko sokufakelwa amaqebelengwane e-orchid ukulimaza isitshalo somuntu omdala kanye nomntwana ngokuncane ngangokunokwenzeka. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukulungisa ngokucophelela amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha, kanye nokutadisha inqubo yesenzo kuye ngokuthi indawo yokusika ingakanani.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela
Ukuhlukanisa isitshalo esincane, uzodinga:
- i-garden pruner ekhaliphile noma isisindo (ngaphambilini inzalo ngotshwala);
- ama-gloves e-comfortable a-silicone;
- amalahle achotshoziwe noma i-sinamoni yokushisa ukungcola kwe-cut;
- I-tank yezingane ezisetshenziselwa ukuvuthwa (ngokuvamile ibhodlela lepulasitiki elibonakalayo elilingana no-7-10 cm ngemigodi ngezansi), indebe epulasitiki, i-mini-aquarium noma i-foam ye-hothouse;
- i-substrate encane ye-fractional yezingane ezikhulayo ezinezimpande noma isisekelo (ubumba obunwetshiwe, amahlumela, ama-moss) wokushisa, uma uhlela ukukhulisa izingane ngaphandle kwezimpande;
- ungqimba lwamanzi (isibonelo, isitini esincane esiphukile, igobe) elibekwe ngaphansi kwebhodlela phambi kwe-substrate;
- utshwala ekwelapheni abaqaphi emva kokukhwabanisa.
Ividiyo: Igatsha le-Orchid
Umhlabathi oklanyelwe ama-orchid, ungathenga esitolo sezimbali noma uzilungiselele engxenyeni yezithako ezilandelayo, ezithathwe ngokulinganisela okulinganayo:
- i-pine bark, ebilisiwe ngomlotha futhi uthathe izingcezu eziyi-1 cm;
- i-peat moss;
- amalahle.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Walkthrough
Cabanga ngama-nuances okuhlukaniswa kwezingane, ngokusekelwe endaweni yabo kwisitshalo somzali.
Uyazi? Ngaphambi kokuba abalimi bafunde ukusabalalisa ama-orchid ngendlela efanele, balandelwa ukuzingelwa kwangempela. Amapulazi nezindawo zokugcina izithombo athumela abasebenzi ezindaweni ezishisayo ukuba bafake izitshalo. Umsebenzi womzingeli we-orchid wawunobungozi, kodwa ukhokhelwe kahle, ngoba kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane kwakungenzeka ukuthi zifinyelele ku-£ 1,000 ezinkampanini zesiNgisi.
On peduncle
Ngokuvamile, izingane zitholakala ngqo ezindlebeni zembali. Ukufakelwa ingane encane, kufanele wenze izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ingane inqunywa ku-peduncle, ishiya ingxenye yayo (cishe ngo-1-2 cm) phansi kwesendlalelo.
- Beka i-cut is omisiwe isigamu sehora, bese uphuphulwa ngamalahle noma amalahle.
- Umntanakhe naye ulele imizuzu engama-40-50.
- Ukudubula kufakwa phakathi kwebhodlela ukuze intamo yempande ifike emkhawulweni wesitsha.
- Ukusakaza izimpande zezingane, gcwalisa ibhodlela ne-substrate.
- Thepha kancane ibhodlela ukuze wenze i-substrate imbongolo.
Ividiyo: igatsha nezingane zokutshala ama-orchid
Kusukela esifubeni seqabunga
I-algorithm yesenzo ifana nokuhlukaniswa kusuka kwe-peduncle. Kulesi simo, ingane ihlukaniswe kanye nengxenye encane (1-2 cm) yesitshalo esidala.
Okumangalisayo
Ngezinye izikhathi amaqebelengwane atholakala eduze kwezimpande zesitshalo somzali. Okokuqala, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi izingane ezinjalo zinezimpande zawo: ukwenza lokhu, susa ingxenye engenhla ye-substrate. Uma i-keik inehlelo lwempande, inqubo enjalo ihlukaniswe ngokucophelela ukuze ingalimazi kokubili isitshalo somdala nomuntu omusha. Abalimi abaqalayo bavame ukukhetha ukuthi bangasusi amahlumela abanjalo, babashiye bakhule nama-orchid omama.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokusakaza i-orchid ekhaya.
Ngaphandle kwezimpande
Ungathatha amaqebelengwane angenasiphelo okungenani izinyanga ezingu-4. I-rudiments yesistimu yezimpande kulezi zendlalelo zingaphansi kwesilinganiso esikhungweni sokungena, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha kwezikali kumele kususwe. Ukuze ukhule ikhekhe ngaphandle kwezimpande, udinga ukudala izimo ezikhethekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa:
- Teplichku. Angase abe indebe epulasitiki ebonakalayo. Ingqimba yamanzi (amatshe amancane) ahlelwe ngaphansi kwekomishi ukunikeza ukuzinza kokushisa okushisa. Ama-caps ebhodlela e-shredded ne-pine bark afakwa emahlathini ukuze afake amatshe angashisa kakhulu noma aphuze. Uhlaka oluncane lwe-peat moss olusha lubekwe phezulu (lolu luhlu luzodinga ukuguqulwa ngezikhathi ezithile, njengoba ama-moss omdala angabangela izifo ezinganeni). Ngama-1.5 cm ukusuka enqenqemeni engenhla yendebe, izimbobo zenziwa ukwesekwa (ucezu oluncane lwamagxolo) lapho ingane ifakwe khona (inqubo akumele ithinte umsizi nganoma iyiphi indlela). Njengomsebenzi wokubopha ingane ekusekeleni, ungasebenzisa iziqephu zemibala yokwenziwa. I-greenhouse igcwele ibhodlela leplastiki elincane noma isikhwama lapho izimbobo zokuphumula ziqedwa khona. Ngaphambi kwe-mini-aquarium, ungabeka ukushisa okukuwo, uzinakekele ukuba khona kwesembozo, okungasuswa ukuze uthole umoya. Isembozo se-Aquarium asisindiwe, sishiya igebe elincane. I-greenhouse ifakwa kwi-sill window (kufanele uqaphele ukuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile noma i-hypothermia ebusika), futhi ibekwe ngaphansi kwezibani ze-fluorescent.
- I-Polyfoam. Lokhu kuyinto enhle yokufaka ukushisa okungeyona emthunzini, okungenzeka ukuthi ungakhula umntwana. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-recess yenziwe eplastiki ye-foam lapho isitshalo esincane sibekwe khona, siyifinyelele, futhi i-foam ngokwayo ifakwe emanzini ukuze isisekelo se-orchid ngaphandle asithinte, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo asihambisani no-3 mm emanzini. Isiqukathi samanzi sigcwele ingilazi noma ifilimu.
Basal
Lezi zingane ezivela esitsheni sesitshalo somama (ngokuvamile esiteshini esiyinhloko). Zibonakala ngokungabi khona kwezimpande nokuhluleka ukukhula ngokuzimela, ukuthola amabhethri avela emthonjeni ohlukile kunomuthi omdala. Izingane ezisisekelo azihlukaniswanga, kodwa zihlangene nomzali we-orchid, bese zithatha indawo yayo.
Uyazi? Etshonalanga ye-Australia ungathola i-orchid ekhula ngaphansi komhlaba. I-Rizantella Gardner isitshalo encane esinamakha amahle, esondla ekuxhumeni kwe-shrub yendawo yomndeni waseTay ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwempande.
Aftercare
Kukhona umehluko phakathi kokunakekela izingane ezitshalisiwe kanye nesitshalo somdala:
- Amathembo okufakelwa amanzi akufanele abe ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezinhlanu kamuva (ukuvimbela ukutheleleka). Ukunisela kwenziwa njalo emva kwezinsuku ezintathu ngamanzi afudumele futhi ahleliwe. Izingane ezingenazo izimpande, ezikhulayo ezitsheni zokushisa, aziphuzi, kepha zifakwe nsuku zonke emini ngemini yezibhamu ezihlakazekile, zivimbela ukunciphisa ezindongeni zokushisa. Amanzi angamanzi ayingozi ku-orchid, ngakho-ke kungcono ukunaka umswakama womoya kunomthamo wokunisela.
- Okubaluleke kakhulu izitshalo ezincane kuhle, ukukhanya okufanayo. Kungakhathaliseki isikhathi sonyaka, amahora okukhanya kufanele ahlale okungenani amahora angu-12 ngosuku.
- Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlinzeka umoya omusha kanye nomoya wokushisa, kodwa ngaphandle kwemidwebo. I-greenhouse ivuleka kancane kancane isikhathi eside, isikhathaza izingane.
- Kubalulekile ukulondoloza ukushisa kwe-+ 22 ... + 25 ° С ngaphandle kokudonsa okungazelelwe.
- Emanzini okunisela nokupomfa kufanele afakwe umanyolo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen (okuhlanjululwe izikhathi ezimbili bcisheamanzi amaningi kunokuba kuboniswe kuphakheji). Izingane ezibamba ukushisa zidla kabili ngeviki, futhi zifakelwe izimbiza - kanye ngesonto. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kunciphisa inqubo yokukhula.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka
Ngokuvame ukwanda lapho ukhula ama-orchid ungabhekana nenkinga enjengezifo ze-fungal, ikakhulukazi izimpande ezibola. Izimpande ezithintekile ezikhunjini ziyancipha, zibe zimanzi, amaqabunga aphuzi futhi asomile. Isibangela sesifo yilesi simo esingalungile sokunisela: ukuchelela okuvame ukuholela ekutheni i-substrate ayinaso isikhathi sokomisa, kukhona ukuqoqwa kohlobo olusetshenziselwa uketshezi lwegesi.
Ukuvimbela ukhunta, kufanele:
- gcina imodi efanele yokuchelela;
- hhayi ngokunamandla kakhulu ukwehlisa phansi i-substrate (ukuthola ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen ezimpandeni);
- shintsha i-substrate ngezikhathi ezithile;
- ukwelapha isitshalo nge-fungicide ephilayo (isibonelo, "Fitosporin").
Uzoba nesithakazelo sokwazi ukuthi yini okufanele ibe inhlabathi yokutshala ne-orchid ekhulayo.
Kulesi simo, i-orchid kufanele ihlanjwe ngesisombululo sensipho iphindwe nge "Fitoverm" noma "Aktellik". Ukukhula isitshalo esigcwele kusuka ezinganeni ze-orchid kuwumsebenzi onzima odinga umzamo nokubekezela. Noma kunjalo, bazokhokha kahle uma uba umnikazi womunye ubuhle obushisayo. Izincomo ezinikezwe kulesi sihloko zizosiza ngalokhu.
