Izazi zezimbali ziyaqhubeka ziyaxakaniseka ngesifiso sazo sokushintsha izitshalo ezengeziwe zisuka ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinezindawo ezikhula eRussia. Enye yazo imbali yasekamelweni enamahlamvu abomvu esiqongweni sekhanda ebizwa ngokuthi yi-guzmania (igama elithi "gusmania" alijwayelekile).
Lesi sitshalo esihle esinamaqabunga ama-oblong ajabulisayo. Baqoqwe "inqwaba" kwisisekelo se-basal. Enkabeni ye-rosette enjalo kukhona i-inflorescence eyenziwe ngesigaxa.
Izinhlobo
Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo, abatshali bezimbali nabathandi bezimbali ezilula bazokwazi ukukhetha ngqo inketho yabo:
E-Guzmania
- Umhlanga waseGuzmania (Guzmania lingulata). Kuyinto yakhe etholakala kakhulu ezindlini zokuhlala. Isici salezi zinhlobo mzuzu lapho imbali ilungiselela ukuqhakaza, amaqabunga awo atshintsha ushintsho, abe ukugcwala ithoni. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimbali ezincane ziqala ukwakha amaqabunga amaqabunga. Lapho zivulwa ngokuphelele, zikhula ngosayizi, ama-brices athola umbala obomvu okhanyayo, ama-buds wona uqobo aphenduka aphuzi. Ukuhlobisa kwesihlahla sezimbali kungahlala kusuka kumaviki ayi-12 kuye kwangama-20.
- E-Guzmania Ostara. Lo mbono unikezwe ukubonga ngokusebenza kanzima kwabafuyi. Isihlava esijabulisayo sisikhumbuza umthombo wamanzi ogelezayo osenkabeni ye-rosette yamaqabunga. I-Shiny leaf blade ine-tint ekhanyayo eluhlaza. Ukuhlobisa kwesitshalo uyakwazi ukuqhubeka izinyanga eziyisithupha.
- Igazi elibomvu leGuzmania (Guzmania sanguinea). Ummeleli othokozisayo phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-guzmania. Isici salesi sitshalo umbala wamabhulokhi: kusuka onsomi kuya kpinki, futhi kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani kuya kusihlobiso. Le guzmania iqala ukuqhakaza ngo-Ephreli, futhi iphetha ngokuqala kwekwindla.
- I-Guzmania mosaic (Guzmania musaica). Lolu hlobo lunamaqabunga aminyene (abanye abameleli banamaqabunga amancane), imivimbo ibonakala kuwo ngokusobala. Phezulu kwe-peduncle, kuvulwa 1 bud. Ukuphakama kwesiqu sezimbali kungasuka ku-80 kuye ku-100 cm. Ungasitshala lesi imbali kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, into esemqoka ukungasigcwalisi lesi simila lapho ushiya.
Umhlanga waseGuzmania
- IGuzmania Conifer (Guzmania conifera). Isigaxa esimise okomfanekiso obomvu okhanyayo obomvu noma osawolintshi esisekelweni, sithole ithoni ephuzi ebheke kufaceba. I-Konifera ingenye yalezo zinhlobo ezitshalwe ezindlini ezikude kweRussia.
- IGuzmania Nicaraguan (Guzmania Nicaraguensis). Enye yezinhlobo eziphansi ze-guzmania. Imbali yangaphakathi enerisidi yeqabunga elihlangene. Enkabeni kukhona i-peduncle ephansi ene-inflorescence ebomvu ekhanyayo.
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, ingumhlanga oqondile we-guzmania. Ama-Florists akhetha ukutshala izinhlobo ezi-hybrid zalokhu okuhlukahlukene ekhaya. Okudumile namuhla
- Hlanganisa - ama-buds angaba nethoni ehlukile (kusuka kokubomvu kuya ko-pink nophuzi);
- Okuncane - kunezinhlamvu ezibomvu ezicebile;
- I-tempo iyi-hybrid efana ngombala neNcane, kepha izimbali zikhulu kakhulu.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
IGuzmania ayifunwa ngokukhethekile, kepha ezinye izici zokukhula kumele zibhekwe, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlelwa ukusabalalisa isitshalo.
Amazinga afanele okuthuthuka
Ekamelweni lapho kukhula khona imbali, kufanele ifudumale ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uzizwa engcono kakhulu emazingeni okushisa angama-22 kuye kwangama-28. Kubi kakhulu, kepha kwamukelekile ekushiseni kwesitshalo kwehle kube ngama-18 degrees.
Guzmania izingane
IGuzmania isabela ngokubabazekayo ekwenyukeni kombuso wokushisa ofanele futhi iqala ukukhombisa ukungathandeki ngazo zonke izindlela ezingakhona.
Ukukhanyisa
Ekamelweni lapho kukhula khona i-guzmania, kufanele kukhanye. Ingabekwa efasiteleni noma endaweni lapho kukhanya kakhulu, kepha alikho ilanga eliqinile. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuhle kungalimaza izimbali namaqabunga esitshalo. Futhi, ilanga elihangulayo lingaholela ekushisweni okungathí sina, okuthi isitshalo sihlupheke kanzima. IGuzmania ibuyiselwa emuva kokulimala isikhathi eside.
Umanyolo nokufaka umquba
Ezitolo, ungathenga izingxube zokudla ezenziwe ngomsoco nezingubo eziphezulu zeBromeliad. Uma lokho kungatholakalanga, kufanelekile ukukhetha lezo ezingenazo i-boron ne-zethusi - kusithinta kabi isimo sesitshalo. Lapho usuthisa imbali, kufanelekile ukukhipha umthamo onconyelwe kwiphakheji.
Izinqubo ze-guzmania
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-guzmania ifinyelela ngokuqinile ekudleni, uma wengeza kakhulu kuyo, ingayeka ukwakha izingane, futhi kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwama-inflorescence kanye nokushiswa kwamaqabunga.
Ingxube yenhlabathi nenhlabathi
Umhlabathi we-guzmania kufanele ukhululeke futhi udlule umoya kahle. Udinga ukuvuselelwa minyaka yonke, engeza ungqimba ophezulu. Kunezindlela eziningi zokukhethwa kwengxube yenhlabathi kwinethiwekhi, kepha okulandelayo kufanelekile kwesitshalo:
- izimpande ze-sphagnum (umhlabathi) ngokufakwa kwe-fern (1 kuya ku-3 isilinganiso);
- i-sphagnum, i-coniferous plant bark, isihlabathi, inhlabathi enamaqabunga (isilinganiso 1: 2: 1: 2);
- amalahle esod, i-peat, isihlabathi, umhlaba (mhlawumbe ukusetshenziswa kwe-sod -umba), (isilinganiso: 2: 2: 1: 1);
- i-peat, humus, isihlabathi, umhlaba we-turf (isilinganiso 4: 2: 1: 2).
Iwusizo Ungathenga ingxube yomhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo yama-orchid asesitolo, usike bese wengeza inani elincane le-fern kuyo. Emhlabathini onjalo, imbali izwa kahle.
Imithetho Yokunisela
Ukunisela isitshalo kudingeka kuphela ngamanzi afudumele, kuyilapho kufanele kuhlungiwe (ngaphandle kokhilimu). Kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi afakwe emanzini. Ngokuya ekukhetheni kwe-substrate, imvamisa yokunisela iyasetwa. Uma izingxube zenziwa ngesisekelo se-peat, sawdust noma ukushefa, amanzi kufanele abe izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto. Uma umhlaba we-guzmania wenziwa ngesisekelo sesihlabathi, ukuphindaphindwa kwawo kunganda. Kaningi ungakwazi ukuthambisa i-guzmania - isikhathi esingu-1 ngosuku.
Imithetho Yokutshalwa Kwezitshalo
Ukufakelwa eGuzmania kuyadingeka ngemuva kokuthenga. Kuyadingeka ukubuyisa i-substrate ekhaya, kanye nembiza.
Iwusizo Abanye abaqala ukubhula ngezimbali benza iphutha elikhulu lokufaka izingane ebhodweni esisha ngemuva kokushona kwesihlahla sikamama. Lokhu kungaholela ezifweni zezitshalo. Kungaba futhi ngesinye sezizathu esenza i-guzmania ingaqhakaza.
Lapho ufaka, kubalulekile ukwenza izinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kube nezinkinga zokushiya:
- Phansi ebhodweni, kukhishwa amanzi.
- Ingxenye ye-substrate ithululelwa phezu kwayo.
- Isitshalo sibekwa ebhodweni.
- Ifafazwe ngensalela yenhlabathi futhi yahlanganiswa.
- Ichitheka ngamanzi afudumele.
- Indawo yezimbali ibekwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Lapho kukhula imbali, kungavela ubunzima obuthile - izifo. Lokhu kuvame ukuqhamuka ekutheni abalimi abangenalwazi abazi ukuthi bayifaka kanjani i-guzmania kahle ekhaya. Ungazinaki izincomo zokunisela, okuholela ekumeni komswakama nokubola kwezimpande.
Ukufakelwa eGuzmania
Ngalesi sizathu, lesi sitshalo siyayeka ukuqhakaza, umbala wepuleti leqabunga uyashintsha, futhi futhi awuphindeli. Ngenxa yalokho, uma ungenzi isenzo, imbali iyafa. Ukubuyisela isitshalo se-guzmania, ukufakelwa ebhodweni elisha nenhlabathi entsha kuyikhambi elifanele lenkinga.
Noma yikuphi ukufakelwa kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo, ungakwenza lokhu ngesinye isizini, uma kudingekile kakhulu.
Imbali yezimbali ezishisayo
Ngokuya ngohlobo nezinhlobonhlobo, i-guzmania kuqala iqala ukutshala ama-buds eminyakeni engama-3-6 ngemuva kokutshala. Isikhathi sezimbali sisuka enyangeni ukuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Iwusizo Isithombo siqhakaza kuphela uma kukhethwe izimo ezinethezekayo kuso, kanye nenhlabathi efanelekile ye-guzmania (efanelekile, echazwe ngenhla).
Ukusheshisa ukuvela kwama-buddie okuqala, ungaphendukela kumaqhinga athile. Enhlabathini lapho kukhula khona imbali, beka ucezwana lwe-apula, bese uyimboza ngefilimu. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lesi sitshalo sizoqala ukwakha ama-peduncle nama-buds. Kubalulekile ukubheka ucezwana lwe-apula ne-polyethylene ukuze isikhunta singangeni kubo.
Izindlela ezejwayelekile zokuzalela
Ngokuyisisekelo, isitshalo sisakazeka ngokwehlukana, kepha kungenzeka futhi ukusabalalisa imbali ngembewu. Ungayitshala kanjani i-guzmania echazwe esigabeni "Okusakazwayo ngamahlumela".
I-Guzmania rot rot
Imbewu
Akuwona wonke umuntu ophumelela ukuqoqa imbewu ngokwayo, ngakho-ke, lapho uxazulula umbuzo: ungayisakaza kanjani i-guzmania usebenzisa imbewu, kuyodingeka ufune imbewu ezitolo.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emabhokisini enhlabathini peat. Ingaphezulu le-substrate ifafazwa ngamanzi afudumele.
Ukuzalela kweGuzmania
Ukuze kuqhamuke izithombo, kubalulekile ukubeka isitsha esinezimbewu egumbini elinamazinga okushisa ayi-18 kuye kwangama-24.
I-Scions
Izinqubo zihlukaniswa nesitshalo esidala ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kufanele zibe okungenani cm eziyi-15. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, zizoba izitshalo ezincane, uma zingatshalwanga ngendlela yesikhathi - ukwakheka kwazo kungabonakala imbali kamama.
Imithetho elula yokunakekelwa izokuvumela ukuthi ukhule isitshalo esihle, futhi uqaphele nokuhlobisa imbali kuze kube isikhathi sokuqhakaza. Imininingwane eningiliziwe yokuthi isakazeka kanjani i-guzmania izokuvumela ukuthi uzale lesi sitshalo ekhaya ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
