I-avocado yamathambo - ukukhula ekhaya

Muva nje, abalimi bakhombisile intshisekelo kwezilimo eziphuma kwamanye amazwe ezitshalwe ekhaya. Abathandi bakulungele ukuziqhayisa ngezihlahla ezinezithelo, ukuluka kokuhlobisa nezimbali ezinhle. I-avocado yamathambo ekhaya ekhula inezici eziningi:

• ubude besihlahla bufinyelela ku-2,5-3 m (endaweni yemvelo, isiko likhula lize lifike kuma-20 m);
• isiko lihlanza umoya, umqhele wokuqala futhi omuhle kakhulu unikeza igumbi umoya ofudumele futhi opholile;
• isitshalo sithela izithelo kuyaqabukela, kwesinye isikhathi sisebenza njengento yokuhlobisa efulethini noma ehhovisi.

I-Avocado ekhaya

I-avocado ikhula kanjani emvelweni

Ezinye izinhlobo zama-avocados anezici eziyimpawu:

• I-West Indian ithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama sethropiki;
• Izinhlobo zeGuatemalan, ezinokumelana okukhulu nokwehla okubukhali kwezimo zezulu, zinezimpande kahle emithambekeni yezintaba;
• Ama-avocados aseMexico angakwazi ukumelana namaqhwa wesikhashana (i-4-6 ° C), akhule ngokushesha, ubukhulu bezithelo buncane.

Emvelweni, ama-avocados ahlala kalula ezimbanjeni zobumba, emgodini wamatshe, ezindaweni ezixakile. Isimo esikhulu ubukhona be-drainage. Isiko alikubekezeleli umswakama ophakeme, lifela ezindaweni ezikhungethwe yizikhukhula. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele alale endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-9. Ukuba khona kwezithasiselo zamaminerali emanzini kuthinta kabi isivuno sesitshalo. I-PH ayithinti ukukhula kwesihlahla.

Umuthi we-avocado wabantu abadala ku-vivo

Ukusatshalaliswa kwezindawo ukwatapheya, ngokusho kwama-nerds, kuvela kumaGrikhi asendulo. Okokuqala, izindawo ezisebenzisayo zezithelo zaziwa ngabantu ngekhulu le-15. Amatilosi aqhathanisa ukwatapheya nama-chestnut athosiwe akhula ngabalimi baseMexico. Izwe lesibili yi-Israyeli. I-Avocados ikhulele eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia en masse, izakhamizi zasendaweni zivunwa kwamanye amazwe. Abahambi baletha ukwatapheya e-Indonesia, kwase kuba yiBrazil, emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka kamuva - endaweni yase-Australia, e-Afrika. AbaseYurophu baba nentshisekelo ngesitshalo esingajwayelekile ngekhulu le-19.

E-Russia, kuvela ukuthi kukhula ukwatapheya endaweni yaseKrasnodar Territory. Isifunda esihle kakhulu sokukhula kwezithelo sithathwa njenge-Abkhazia, lapho izithelo ziqukethe i-oli ephezulu kakhulu. Ngokwesimo sezulu esipholile, izinhlobo zamasiko zaseMexico ziyasebenza. Izinhlobo zaseNtshonalanga Indian eRussia zitholakala ezindaweni zokugcina ukushisa ezifudumele unyaka wonke.

Izici zokuhlobisa ze-avocados

Kulula ukunikeza ukubukeka kokuhlobisa - vele ukhule imbewu encane ye-avocado, ngezikhathi ezithile ugobe iziqu endaweni yezimbotshana. Okufuneka kuqala izikhala phakathi kwezingxenye, okuvumela isiqu ukuthi sikhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Avocado inflorescence

Khula Ama-Avocados avela eBone Ekhaya

I-Avocado isiko elihlala lilihlala lifiphele lomndeni womndeni kaLaurel. Lesi sitshalo saziswa ngesethi eyingqayizivele yamavithamini kanye nama-microelements aqukethe izithelo, izihlahla zabantu abadala ziyafuneka emkhakheni wezokwakha kanye nefenisha, ngenxa yesakhiwo esiminyene nesihlala isikhathi eside sesakhiwo.

Ukuze uthole ikhasi lomnqumo le-olive lomwe lumpy nezithelo eziphakeme ngendlela yeparele, i-ellipse noma ibhola (kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo), ukwatapheya wabizwa ngokuthi "i-alligator pear." I-peel eluhlaza iba mnyama lapho isivuthiwe, inyama igcina amathoni omnqumo. Imbewu enkulu ibekwa enkabeni yezithelo, embozwe ngesikhumba sesifuba sobushelelezi, esikhanyayo, ukwakheka kwetshe kufana nesithelo se-chestnut.

Ukuthola i-avocado ekhaya akunzima, lapho udla izithelo ezivuthiwe, kukhona imbewu ekuvumela ukuthi uhlume isitshalo sezithelo esijabulisayo.

Izimo zokuhluma kwethambo

Ama-avocados amathambo aqala ukukhula ngesikhathi efudumele. Amandla abekwe ebhethri noma ekhompyutheni yohlelo lwekhompyutha. Inhlabathi efudumele kanye nomswakama ophezulu kunomthelela ekukhulekeni kwamathambo ngokushesha. Ekusebenzeni, kuzithombo eziyi-10, ama-avocados 4 anokuhlinzekela okwanele kokukhula okusebenzayo. Isixazululo esifanele kungaba ukukhulisa imbewu eminingana ngasikhathi sinye, kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe amahlumela anamandla kakhulu.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona zokuqhamuka kwesiko nezindlela zokuqedwa

I-Avocado ishiya yomile ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama

Izigaba zokuhluma kwembewu

I-avocados yembewu imiliselwa ekhaya ngezindlela ezimbili: emhlabathini noma emanzini, inketho yokugcina iveza ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa imbewu ehlutshiwe kanye ne-peel.

1 inketho

Ithambo elingahlanjwanga elilungele ukutshala lifakwa emhlabathini, lishiya okwesithathu phezulu. Isiphetho esimfushane sihlala emhlabathini. Imbiza ibekwa ngaphansi kwebhotela ibekwe endzaweni lekhanyisiwe. Umphumela wokugcina ukushisa kuzovikela izithombo kusuka kokungalungiswa nokubanda. Ukunisela imbewu kwenziwa njalo ngeviki. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi ahlungiwe, mhlawumbe ngosawoti omncane. Ngokulandelayo, imbiza ibekwa endaweni ekhanyayo egumbini, ivundiswe izikhathi eziyi-1-2 ngenyanga ngezithasiselo zamaminerali.

2 inketho

Izinzipho ezintathu zibekwa emathanjeni angalashwa, afakwa ku-3 mm ukujula, zifakwa emanzini ngesiphetho esimfushane. Ingxenye engezansi ihlala emanzini, izingosi zokubhoboza zomile. Lapho ihlumela lifinyelela kubude obu-3 cm, isiko lingatshalwa emhlabathini. Itshe elinezimpande likhona ngaphezu kwenhlabathi ngezinga elifana namanzi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14, umuthi uzokhula ube ngu-11 cm, uzodinga indawo yokudla eyondlekile. Kudingeka ukufakelwa kwesibili. Kwikota eyodwa, ukwatapheya kungakhula kube ngu-50 cm. Emncane kakhulu, ukufakelwa kwesihlahla kwenziwa ngonyaka, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - njalo eminyakeni emi-3.

3 inketho

Ukutshala imbewu ehlutshiwe kuyafana nomyalo wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo wokutshala imbewu engathelwanga; esigabeni sokulungiswa kwembewu, ihlanzelwa ikhasi elimnyama. Izinto zokutshala zigxilisiwe endaweni yokuhlala ezinamanzi, lokushisa lamakamelo (23-25 ​​° C), okuwashiya kwesithathu ngaphezulu. Ukusekelwa kwamathambo kwakhiwa ngamazinyo, ngaphandle kokubhoboza izinhlangothi ezine. Amanzi engilazini aguqulwa nsuku zonke. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, ukuqala kokukhula kwezimpande kwe-avocado kuyabonakala. Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini, ihlumela kufanele lifinyelele ekuphakameni okungama-15 cm, khona-ke isigamu somuthi kufanele sinqunywe bese umuthi uphinde ukhule ube ngu-15 cm.

Ubuchwepheshe Obukhulayo be-Avocado

Ungazikhetha kanjani izithelo zokuvuthwa ozifisayo futhi uhlukanise ithambo

Ukuze ubambe imbanga, izithelo ezivuthiwe ezivela esitolo esiseduze kufanelekile. Kuyinto elula ukuthola ukuvuthwa kwesibeletho ngomthunzi we-peel kanye nobuningi bepulpiti:

1. Umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo nobulukhuni be-avocado zikhombisa isidingo sokuvuthwa isonto lonke.
2. Amathoni aluhlaza aqinisiwe nenyama enzima abonisa izithelo, efanelekile ukusakazeka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
3. I-peel iluhlaza obumnyama ngama-brown hues anquma ukuvuthwa kwesithelo, esilungele ukudliwa. Ngemuva kokucindezela ikhasi lesithelo esivuthiwe, kusala umkhondo omncane.
4. Izithelo ezithambile kakhulu ezinepulpiti okuxekethile, ezichotshozwe kalula, isikhumba esinsundu kuwuphawu lwe-avocado esetshenzisiwe, engakulungele ukutshala.
5. Ukuvuthwa kubuye kunqunywe yindawo engaphansi kokusika. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zine-tint eluhlaza okotshani obunsundu, ongavuthiwe - ophuzi, ovulekile - amathoni ansundu.

Kungcono ukutshala amathambo amakhulu anamandla amaningi okukhula. Imbewu isuswa esibelethweni ngommese obukhali, yenza ukujula okujulile okuyisiyingi eceleni kwengxenye ye-fetus, ukucindezela kwembewu kugwenywa ngommese. Ama-halves axhumeke yithambo aphendukelane. Ukutshala izinto kuhlala kungxenye yesithelo. Sika ithambo ngommese noma ngesipuni. Imbewu isilungele ukukhula.

Ilungiselela indawo ukwatapheya

AmaBotanists ancoma ukuhluma isihlahla ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinelanga, lapho ilanga selisemaphethelweni, isivuno kufanele sibe semthunzini oyingxenye. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, i-avocado ikhula kahle ekhaya kufasitela, inketho enhle yesihlahla ngasentshonalanga kwendlu.

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi

Ingxube yenhlabathi yokutshala ilungiswa ekhaya noma ithenge isakhi esenziwe ngomumo sezitshalo zezithelo. Isisekelo senhlabathi sinesihlabathi sangaphambi kokubalwa, ukhukhunathi, umhlabathi ovela engadini, humus, umlotha noma lime. Ubumba olwandisiwe lubekwe ngaphansi kwetanki ngezimbobo zokudonsa, ingxube yenhlabathi imbozwe ngenhlabathi.

Ukukhetha kwebhodwe

Okokuqala, kuzodingeka ithambo elincane elinokuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-9 nobubanzi obuyi-8 cm. Kungcono ukuthatha imbiza yepulasitiki equkethe izimbobo eziningi zokudonsa. Ithangi lobumba lizogcina umswakama ongafuneki ngokhuni. Beka imbiza epanini elinesihlabathi esimanzi.

Ukutshala isihlahla esishisayo kufasitela

Imodi yokunisela

Ama-Avocados akhule ebhodweni amunyiswa ngamanzi afudumele afudumele. Umbuso wokunisela unqunywa yisikhathi sonyaka. Entwasahlobo, ehlobo umswakama owengeziwe uyadingeka, ukuthambisa kwenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3. Ukwenza mnyama kwamaqabunga kukhombisa ukugcwala kwenhlabathi. Ebusika, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi kumele libe nesikhathi sokuwoma. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi isivuno siniselwe.

Imodi yokushisa

I-Avocado yisiko lasezindaweni ezishisayo elingabekezeleli ubukhosi obuphansi kakhulu. Isikhombi esivumelekile esincane ngu- + 12 ° C. Umbuso omuhle kakhulu wokutshala izihlahla ugcinwa emazingeni okushisa ayi-16 ... 26 ° C.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ama-Avocados ahlanganiswa ngesikhathi sezitshalo ezisebenzayo, entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kabili ngenyanga. Izithasiselo ze-organic "Avocado" zisetshenziselwa ukugqoka okuphezulu.

Ukufakelwa

Iziphakamiso zokufakelwa okuphumelelayo kanye nokunakekelwa okulandelayo kwesihlahla esingaphandle:

• i-avocado izimpande zinde futhi zinamandla, zinesimo senduku, isihlahla sidinga ukusetshenziswa kwembiza yezimbali engajwayelekile;
• Ukunisela umuthi otshaliwe kufanele kube mnene;
• ukugcina isiko emthunzini nakho akukufanele - i-avocado izodinga ukukhanya okuningi ngentuthuko evamile;
• Imvamisa yenzeka njalo ngesimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo, kungcono ukuhlela ukufakelwa kokuphunyuka engxenyeni yesibili kaFebhuwari noma Septhemba.

Ukuphina

Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila, isiko likhula ngesiqu esisodwa kunokuba kusheshe. Lesi sigaxa kumele sakhiwe ngokunamathisela amagatsha aphezulu namathambo, sivuselele ukukhula kwamahlumela aseceleni. Ukuthenwa kokuqala kwesiqongo kwenziwa phezu kweqabunga lesi-8 lesihlahla, izinqubo ezilandelanayo zigoqeka phezu kweqabunga lesi-5.

Izimbali

Lapho kuqhakaza umqhele wesihlahla, kwakheka ama-inflorescence amaningi, abathandi abaningi bayakwazi ukuwela-impova ngebhulashi. Inqubo yenziwa ekuseni, ekuphumeni kwelanga, esimeni sezulu esinamafu, kukhanya okwengeziwe kuyadingeka.

Ingabe umuthi ukhula ezitsheni zamatshe?

Ngokwe-theory, i-avocado yembewu ithela izithelo ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, kepha idinga ukukhula ngo-1.5-2 m. Kungakuhle ukuthi uthathe lesi sitshalo usiyise ezweni ehlobo bese usibeka ngaphansi komqhele wesihlahla endaweni enelanga. Ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, kuzovela ama-inflorescence aphuzi aluhlaza. Ukushesha izithelo ngokuxhunyelelwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusondelana okuseduze kwesiqu esisodwa noma ezimbili ezincane kufanele kunikezwe. Isimo sizohlinzeka ngokuvinjelwa kwezihlahla.

I-avocado yamatshe izoba umhlobiso omuhle futhi ongandile wesipeke sezimbali; njengoba ikhula, izokhombisa amakhono e-botanical kubavakashi ekhaya, ngokuqinisekile abaningi bazofisa ukuncoma umuthi omuhle kakhulu.