Icubungula izihlahla kusuka ezinambuzaneni nasezifo

Wonke umgadi wegadi okungenani empilweni yakhe wake wabhekana nezinkinga ezinjengezifo zezivuno zezitshalo zasendle kanye nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Uma zitholakala, kunconyelwa ukwenza ukwelashwa kokuvinjwa kokutshala engadini ngezindlela ezikhethekile minyaka yonke.

Ukucubungula izihlahla kusuka ezinambuzaneni nasezifo kunezimpawu zazo. Lapho nje kufika intwasahlobo, abanikazi bomhlaba kufanele balungiselele ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali engadini. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Autumn ngqo kuya ngekhwalithi yomsebenzi wokuzivikela wasentwasahlobo.

Ungafafaza kanjani izihlahla kahle

Isikhathi esifanelekile somsebenzi amahora asemini kosuku olunelanga, olungenamoya.

Ukufafaza engadini

Izixazululo ngokumelene nezinambuzane ezinambuzane kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokushesha futhi ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokushiya umkhiqizo kuze kube isikhathi esilandelayo.

Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ugqoke amagilavu ​​enjoloba, uvikele ubuso bakho ngebhandeji noma nge-gauze bandage, ufake umaskandi wamehlo wokuvikela futhi ufihle izinwele zakho ngaphansi kwekhanda, ngoba izakhi ezakha ama-insecticides zinobuthi kakhulu.

Ukufafaza kwenziwa kusuka phezulu kuya phansi, kusukela kumqhele. Ngemuva kokuba wonke umuthi ufafazwe, kubalulekile ukufafaza ingxenye eseduze yomthi womhlaba.

Ubuchwepheshe bomsebenzi buqukethe izigaba:

1. Okokuqala udinga ukususa amagatsha akwazile ukoma, kanye nezidleke zezinambuzane ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Uma ufafaza amagatsha ngamanzi afudumele ku-70 °, ungabhubhisa izibungu zezinambuzane.

2. Ukukhethwa kwekhambi kuye ngezinkinga ezikhonjwe.

3. Isisekelo sesiqu somzimba kumele simbiwe.

4. Lungiselela ikhambi.

5. Yenza ukucubungula.

Izinsuku Zokucubungula Izihlahla

Ukusuka kwezinambuzane, izihlahla zezithelo kumele ziphathwe lapho kufika intwasahlobo. Lapho nje izinga lokushisa lomoya lihlala libekwe ngaphezulu kuka + 6 C C, ukufafaza okuqala kwenziwa.

Ukufafaza kwentwasahlobo

Ngo-Ephreli, lapho ihlumela lakha inkuthalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe ingadi ukuze kutholakale isikhathi esizayo izifo ezibangelwa yizikhunta nezimpawu zezinambuzane eziyingozi. Uma zitholakala, udinga ukufafaza futhi.

NgoMeyi, amasimu aphindwa ahlaziywa. Uma izinambuzane zitholakala, ingadi iyabulawa magciwane bese inqubo le iphindaphindwa njalo kuze kuqedwe ukuqhakaza.

Ungafafaza kanjani izihlahla entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza

Ukucutshungulwa kwezihlahla nezihlahla entwasahlobo kwenziwa ngokugeza.

Ungaziphatha kanjani izihlahla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo? Faka isicelo se-iron sulfate, i-DNOC, i-urea, i-nitrafen, i-Bordeaux fluid.

Iron sulfate yokulawula izinambuzane isetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile zeminyaka eyi-3-4. Kuvikela ngokumiswa nokwakhiwa kwesikhunta, i-lichens kanye ne-moss. Ukungena ngaphezulu kwaphezulu, kuvuselela ukukhula kwesitshalo. Ukuze uthole ithini lamapheya kanye nama-apula uthatha u-0.5 kg we-iron sulfate nge-10 wamalitha amanzi, ukuthola izitshalo zezithelo zamatshe - 0,3 kg nge-10 wamalitha amanzi.

I-DNOC isetshenziselwa ukufafaza kwentwasahlobo ukubulala zonke izibungu zobusika. Ukuze uthole isixazululo, kuthathwa imali eyi-100 g kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi.

Ukufafaza engadini nge-carbamide, uthenge isixazululo sawo esingu-7%.

Ukwelashwa nge-nitrafen, ama-300 g wezibulala-zinambuzane ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi kufanele athathwe.

Ukufafaza izihlahla

Ukuze kusebenze i-Bordeaux ketshezi thatha isixazululo esingu-3-4%

Amalungiselelo wokufafaza izihlahla zezithelo

Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo

I-Biologicals iyindlela ehlukile yamakhemikhali. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-Trichodermin ilwa ukubola, ukulimaza sekwephuzile, kuyasiza ngokulwa nesibazi. Akanikezi imiphumela emibi. Ingasetshenziswa ngokushesha lapho ama-buds evuvukala, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuphinda ukwelashwa kuyo yonke inkathi yezimbali.

• U-Planriz ulwa nokubola, amazolo amhlophe, ukugqwala, i-septoria, awesabise amachaphaza we-lepidopteran.

• I-pentaphage iyikhambi lomdlavuza webacteria, ivimbela ukwakheka kwezimbobo namabala emaqabungeni nasebeni.

• Udokotela we-phyto uphumelela ekwelapheni ukwelashwa okulimaza sekwephuzile, ukubola nokubumba, umdlavuza wamagciwane, i-fusarium wilt.

• UMikosan uvikela ingadi ezifweni ezingamagciwane, fungal kanye namagciwane. Kuthuthukisa ukungatheleleki kwezilimo zezimbali.

• IHaupsin iyasebenza ngokulwa nama-aphid, izimpukane namaqabunga ezinhlamvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe i-nitrogen, ngakho-ke kuzokwazi ukondla izitshalo ngasikhathi sinye.

IHaupsin

• I-Bitoxibacillin ivikela ama-Lepidoptera kanye nezinambuzane eziququda.

• I-Fitosporin-M - ikhambi lesibazi, ukubola, ukugqwala.

• I-Actofit isetshenziselwa ukulwa nama-whiteflies, aphid.

• I-Riverm - ikhambi lesifo. Inzuzo yesidakamizwa isilinganiso sayo sokungena okuphezulu (ifinyelela ohlelweni lwezimpande emizuzwini engama-30 ngemuva kwesicelo).

Izindlela zamakhemikhali

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyisinyathelo esisebenzayo ukuvikela ingadi.

Ama-fungicides amahle kakhulu ezihlahla zezithelo

Ama-fungicides ayasebenza ngokulwa nanoma yiziphi izifo. Umphumela ngemuva kokulungiswa ngabo uhlala isikhathi eside. Kunconywa ukuthi ziguqulwe ukuze zingakheli ukuvikelwa yisinambuzane ezingxenyeni zepilisi yokubulala izinambuzane.

Ama-fungicides ahlukaniswe ngohlelo kanye nokuxhumana. Isistimu fungicides ivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane. Xhumana nama-fungicides avikela futhi aphathe izifo. Ama-fungicides amahle kakhulu yilawa:

• Ingxube ye-Bordeaux iyi-fungal engaziwa ukuthi ivikela isikhumba, ukubola, ukugqwala, amabala. Ozakwethu yi-Burgundy ewuketshezi.

• I-Abiga-Peak yisikhunta esisebenza ngempumelelo ku-rosporai, cococycosis, moniliosis, curly.

• I-sronate i-ironron isikhunta sokulawula nokwelashwa komdlavuza kanye ne-chlorosis. Isiza ukuqeda ama-moss nama-lichens.
  

  Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

• I-Vectra iyi-fungulal antifungal ukuvikela ukubonakala kwesibaya, i-powdery hlobo. I-analogue yayo yisibabule se-colloidal.

Izinzuzo ze-iron sulfate zezihlahla

I-ironron sulfate inikeza ukukhula okunempilo kanye ne-metabolism yamandla, okuyisihluthulelo sesivuno esihle. Ubhubhisa zonke izinambuzane ezinambuzane ngaphandle kokulimaza kakhulu esihlahleni, kunomthelela ekufakweni kwezakhi ezincanyana - kanye nama-macro. Awukho umphumela ohlanganayo we-iron sulfate. Ngokusetshenziswa okufanele kwale fung fung, ukunambitheka kwezithelo akuguquki. I-ironron sulfate ilungele zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla zensimu nengadi.

Ukufafaza nini izihlahla zezithelo nge-iron sulfate

Zidinga ukufafazwa ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu, lapho kunamafu emgwaqweni, kepha akukho mvula nomoya.

Ungazalela kanjani i-iron sulfate

Imithamo yehluka ngokuya ngenhloso yokusebenzisa:

I-sronate ye-iron sulfate

• Uma i-iron sulfate izosetshenziselwa ukwenza i-whitewashing noma ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, bese ulungisa isisombululo esingu-10%;
• Ukuvikela ukutshala kwezithelo ezifweni zokukhunta nasezinambuzaneni zesinambuzane, u-0.5 kg wesibabule kufanele ujutshwe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi;

• Empini yokulwa ne-lichen neMoss, kusetshenziswa isisombululo esingu-30%.

• Ukulungiswa kwentwasahlobo yomvini kanye ngesonto usebenzisa isixazululo esingu-0,1% se-iron sulfate.

Isixazululo se-Copper sulfate

Ukwelashwa nge-sulfate yethusi kwenziwa engxenyeni yokuqala kaMashi. Isixazululo se-sulfate yethusi sisiza ukubhekana nezinwele ezi-curly, i-kleasterosporosis, i-moniliosis, i-coccomycosis, ithumba. Ngenxa yokuthi i-iron sulfate inobuthi obuningi, isetshenziswa kanye ngonyaka.

Bordeaux ketshezi

Uma uthatha i-sulfate yethusi ne-lime ngamasheya alinganayo, uthola u-Bordeaux ketshezi. Lapho usebenzisa umkhiqizo, izici ezilandelayo kufanele zibhekwe:

• Ngeke isetshenziswe ngokubambisana ne-phosphorus, isibulala-zinambuzane, ngazo zonke izindlela ezichithwa endaweni ye-alkaline;

• Njengomphumela wokufafazwa kwaminyaka yonke nge-Bordeaux ewuketshezi, umphumela we-phytotoxicity uyavela.

• I-Copper ivame ukunqwabelana enhlabathini, ngakho-ke, lapho amahlumela esebenza njenge-wokubulala ukhula;

• Ukuxinwa ngokweqile kwesisombululo kungaholela ekushisweni kwamahlamvu;

• I-Copper inobuthi kubantu, ezinhlanzini nasezilwaneni. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kudinga ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yezokuphepha. Uketshezi lweBordeaux akumele luvunyelwe ukungena emzimbeni wamanzi, isikhumba somuntu, noma izinwele zezilwane.

I-Bordeaux ketshezi isetshenziselwa ukufafaza ekwindla kwengadi.

Bordeaux ketshezi

Urea noma urea

I-urea yokuhlushwa okuphezulu yindlela enhle yokwelashwa kwentwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokuqala kokugeleza okusebenzayo kwe-sap, isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-urea sisetshenziselwa ukufafaza. Lokhu kuzosindisa ingadi kusuka kuma-aphid, ama-tinkers, ama-leafworms kanye namabhungane wezimbali.

Ekwindla, ikhambi elihlangene kakhulu le-urea liphathwa ngomhlabathi ukubhubhisa izibungu zezinambuzane

Umuthi N 30

Umuthi ongu-N 30 ubulala izinambuzane ebusika ebusika, futhi futhi ubhubhise izibungu zawo. Kwenziwa ifilimu esiqwini lapho amagciwane angakwazi ukuhlala khona. Inzuzo yomkhiqizo ukuhambisana kwayo okuhle nezinye izinambuzane.

Ububi bomuthi buwohloka kancane, ngakho-ke bungasetshenziswa ngemuva kweminyaka emi-3, ukuqoqwa kwekhambi kufanele kube buthakathaka kakhulu.

Amakhambi esintu

Amanye amakhambi abulala amakhambi

• Ukuze ulwe nesikhala sesicabucabu, kusetshenziswa imfakelo yama-anyanisi husks;
  

  Ukwelashwa Kwezinambuzane Engadini

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• Ukufakwa kwegalikhi noma umlotha ohlanganiswe emanzini ashisayo nasosheni lokuwasha kuyaphumelela ekulweni ne-powdery hlobo, i-tartar, amacimbi kanye nama-aphid;

• Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela kokutshala kwenziwa ngesixazululo se-150 g kasawoti ku-10 l wamanzi. Esikhundleni sikasawoti, ungathatha i-superphosphate. Uma kunezimpawu zokulimala kwezinambuzane, leli khambi ngeke liphumelele.

• Isixazululo se-potassium chloride sibulala izibungu nezinsalela.

Namuhla kunokhetho olukhulu lwamathuluzi wokufafaza engadini. Izici ezinqumayo ekukhetheni ikhambi elilodwa noma elinye yizimo zesimo sezulu, isimo sokuqala kwezihlahla nobudala bazo. Umphumela wokwelashwa uzoncika ekubukweni kwezilinganiso lapho ulungiselela isixazululo, nokuthi usikhethile kahle kanjani isikhathi sokufafaza.