Indlela nokuthi yini okufanele ukhathalele izinkukhu ze-pullorosis

Izinkukhu ezincane zijwayele izifo eziningi ezivame ukubulala ngesonto lokuqala lokuphila kwazo. Yiqiniso, kunzima kumlimi wezinkukhu wezinkukhu ukukhumbula zonke izinhlobo zezifo ezikhona, kodwa okujwayelekile kakhulu kufanele ukwazi. Kulesi sihloko, sizobe sibheka inkinga enjalo eyaziwa njenge-pullorosis, futhi sikutshele izimpawu zayo, ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa.

Okuqukethwe:

• I-Pathogen ne-pathogenesis
• Amafomu nezimpawu ze-pullorosis
• Isibani ngokushesha
• Permanent
• Bonisa
• Ukuhlola nokuhlolwa kwelabhoratri
• Indlela nokuthi yini okufanele ukhathalele izinkukhu ze-pullorosis
• "Levomitsetin"
• I-polymyxin
• Tetracycline
• Fluoroquinolones
• Sulfanilamides
• Amalungiselelo enhlanganisela
• Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
• Ukubuyekeza okuvela kwinethiwekhi

Iyini lesi sifo

Igama elithi pullorosis (Pullorosis) livame ukuqondwa njengesifo esithathelwanayo sezinkukhu ezithinta amathumbu, izitho zomzimba we-parenchymal, futhi futhi kunomthelela ekwenzeni ukubola kwe-ovarian follicles kubantu abadala.

Uyazi? Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukunqotshwa okukhulu kwesifo kwachazwa ngo-1889 eNgilandi, kodwa kwabe negama elihlukile - "i-bird salmonellosis".

EYurophu, lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala ezinyoni ezindala, kodwa e-United States, maduzane ama-hatchlings aphethwe yiwo. Sekuyisikhathi eside izici ezinjalo ze-pullorosis zabonakala ngabalimi bezinkukhu njengezinkinga ezimbili ezihlukene ngamagama abo: "inkukhu yenkukhu" kanye "nesifo sohudo esimhlophe."

Lesi sigaba sekuyisikhathi eside sibhekene nemithombo yamandla, kodwa kamuva ososayensi bakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi kukhona i-pathogen evamile. Namuhla, lesi sifo sibheke cishe zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, kodwa kaningi kuthinta izinkukhu.

I-Pathogen ne-pathogenesis

I-agent ye causative yalesi sifo yi-Salmonella pullorum gallinosum - "i-g", izintambo ezihleliwe eziphelile.

Siyakutshela ukuthi ufunde ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma izinkukhu zifa, kungani izinkukhu zinamaphiko phansi, kungani izinkukhu ziqhubisana, yini okufanele zenze uma izinkukhu zinemilenze futhi uma zingakhuli.

Ukudluliswa kwesifo kwenzeka enyoni egulayo kuya enempilo ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• ngokusebenzisa indwangu (i-pathogen igcina umsebenzi wayo obalulekile izinsuku ezingu-100);
• inhlabathi enkukhu yenkukhu (i-Salmonella pullorum gallinosum ingahlala izinsuku ezingu-400);
• ngokuxhumana ngqo phakathi kwezinyoni.

Ngesinye isikhathi emzimbeni wenyoni, i-pathogen ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwama-exotoxin, okuholela ekudakiseni kokubili imibungu kanye nezinkukhu ezivele zivele. Izici ze-lesion esimweni ngasinye zingase zihluke, ngoba okuningi kuxhomeke enkathini yezinkukhu kanye nobunzima besigaba sesifo. Ngakho-ke, ngokufa kwezinkukhu ezimbili noma ezintathu kwezinsuku, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ukuba khona kwe-pathogen ezinhlakeni, ngoba inkambo ye-pullorosis yayisheshe kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esilandelayo, amafomu angapheli ngokuvamile aholela ekuguquleni kwezinto eziphathekayo ezingxenyeni zezitho zangaphakathi, okuchazwa ukudakwa ngokweqile.

Izinguquko zangaphakathi zivame ukuphazamisa amathumbu (kungenzeka ukuthi kokubili ukuvuvukala nokugaya amanzi), isilwane nesibindi, kanti okunye kuguqule umbala, ube yiklabhu-ubumba.

Hlola izimpawu nezindlela zokwelapha izifo zezinkukhu.

Ekucwaningweni kwezinso nezinkukhu zezinkukhu ezifile, ukuqoqwa kosawoti kungatholakala, futhi ukukhwabanisa kutholakala ngokwengeziwe ezinhlotsheni zenyama kanye nama-broiler hybrids. Ukufunda izimpawu zalesi sifo kusiza ukuthola ukuthi yiyiphi ifomu eyakhe, okuyinto elula kakhulu umsebenzi wokwelapha. Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezingenzeka kakhulu.

Amafomu nezimpawu ze-pullorosis

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-pullorosis, ngasinye esichazwa yizici zayo ezithile.

Isibani ngokushesha

Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwalesi sifo akusikho njalo kuholela ekufeni, kodwa ngisho nezinkukhu eziphulukisiwe isikhathi eside zizoshiya ngemuva kwababantu bakithi ekukhuleni.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokugula kulokhu ziyi:

• ukukhula obuthakathaka ngokushesha;
• ukwephula ukunyakaza okuhambisanayo kwezinkukhu;
• ama-paws ahlukene kakhulu kanye namajwabu angama-drooping;
• ukuphefumulela ngomlomo ovulekile;
• ukungabi nesifiso;
• izinkinga ngokugaya kanye nokubonakala kwezicabhaktheriya zokungahambisani kahle (ngokuvamile glue phansi fluff futhi clog cloaca).

Yiqiniso, lapho izimpawu zokuqala ziqala, abantu abagulayo bahlukaniswe nabo bonke abanye abantu futhi baqala ukwelashwa.

Permanent

Loluhlobo lwe-pullorosis luvame ukuthinta izilwane ezincane ngemva kwamasonto amabili okuphila.

Funda kabanzi ngokuthi izinkukhu ze-broiler zibukeka kanjani, ukuthi ungabondla kanjani ngokufanele, kungani izinkukhu ze-broiler zifa, okumele zifakwe ku-chicken broiler izinsiza zokuqala zokusiza, indlela yokuphatha izifo ezingezona ezithathelwanayo nezifo ezithathelwanayo zama-broilers.

Izimpawu zezici zesifo kulokhu zihlanganisa:

• ukukhula kancane nentuthuko;
• ukuhamba kancane;
• ukunciphisa ukudla;
• ama-comching ama-combs;
• ukubukeka okucindezelekile;
• ukukhathala;
• isisu sagging;
• ukuzithoba

Lapho esekhulile, ukubeka izinkukhu kungase kube nokuwa kwehlumela ngokungazelelwe kokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo isikhathi eside, le nyoni ivame ukuba ne-arthritis, ebonakaliswa yizikhukumezi.

Bonisa

Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kohlobo olubonakalayo lwe-pullorosis, izinguquko ezilandelayo ze-pathological-anatomical emzimbeni wenyoni ziyisici:

• ama-droppings amhlophe e-cesspool;
• isisu esiswini esinezinyosi ezincane kuso;
• foci ephawuleka kahle ye-necrosis ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi;
• imfucumfucu ebumnyama ku-gallbladder;
• ukuwohloka kwama-follicles, i-spike emathunjini nokuvuvukala kwe-oviduct ezinqabeni;
• ngezinye izikhathi okuqukethwe kwe-follicles kuthululwa emgodini wesisu, ngenxa yokuthi i-yolk peritonitis iyaqala.
• Izithombo ezinamaqanda emaqanda ngaphambi kokuqothulwa zihlolwe nge-yolk ehlanganisiwe;
• ezikhukhuleni ezifayo, i-yolk engavunyelwe ivame ukutholakala (ngezinye izikhathi izinsalela zayo zibonakala ezinyoni ezine ezesonto elifile).

Cishe zonke lezi zinguquko zingatholakala kuphela ngemva kokufa kwenyoni ngenxa yokuvula kwayo.

Ukuhlola nokuhlolwa kwelabhoratri

Ukulimala izinkukhu ezinomkhumbi, izimpawu eziningi ze-pullorosis ziyobonakala lapho zihlola ngokubonakalayo imfuyo, kepha uma kubulawa ukufa kakhulu kwale nyoni ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo, isifundo selabhutri yezidumbu ezintsha zezinkukhu ezifile sizosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuqagela.

Kubalulekile! Ngokujwayelekile, izidumbu ezinama-5-10 noma amaqanda angu-30 aqhwaqwe emaqanda anele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ukugula endlini enkukhu.

Ngenxa yalokhu, amasiko amancane nezinkampani eziphilayo zenziwa, futhi i-salmonella serum iyasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona i-pathogen. Ukuxilongwa okunembile kwe-pullorosis kungenziwa kuphela uma i-S pullorum itholakele, ngoba izinguquko zangaphakathi zivame ukuchazwa ngemisebenzi yezinye izinhlobo ze-Salmonella. Izendlalelo ze-Adult and pullets zihlolwe e vivo ezinsukwini ezingama-50-55 kanti lapho kufike khona umbandela wokukhiqiza amaqanda angu-45%. Kulesi simo, izilwane zezilwane zisebenzisa izivivinyo eziqondile ze-KRK ne-KKRNG.

Ukuze ungabandakanyi iphutha lokuhlola elingenzeka, izinsuku ezingu-4 ngaphambi kokufundwa okuhlosiwe, amafutha okudla kanye nokudla okuvela emfuyweni akhishwa ngokuphelele ekukhuleni kwezinkukhu, futhi ezinsukwini ezingu-10 ngaphambi kwalesi senzakalo, kunconywa ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa noma yimiphi imithi.

Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nendlela yokunquma ubulili bezinkukhu, ukuhambisa izinkukhu zakudala, indlela yokukhulisa izinkukhu emva kwe-incubator, kanye nendlela yokuhamba kahle izinkukhu.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi, omunye wemisebenzi esemqoka yocwaningi ukukhipha ukutholakala kwezifo ezifanayo: i-aspergillosis, i-eymeriosis, i-colibacillosis, i-hypovitaminosis, nokudla okuvamile kokudla.

Indlela nokuthi yini okufanele ukhathalele izinkukhu ze-pullorosis

Ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezinkukhu zezifo kanye nezinkukhu ezikhulile zingelashwa, futhi ngenxa yalokhu zisebenzisa amaqembu ahlukene kakhulu wezidakamizwa. Izingxenye zeqembu levomycetin, i-polymyxins, i-tetracyclines, i-fluoroquinolones, i-sulfonamide, zizibonakalise kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zezilwane zivame ukubeka izidakamizwa futhi zihlanganise izidakamizwa, kufaka phakathi izimali eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.

"Levomitsetin"

"Levomitsetin" - abalimi bokuqala bezinkukhu. Ihluleka ukubhubhisa iSalmonella kuphela, kodwa ezinye izinyoni ezincane ezibangela ekuthuthukiseni izifo zamathumbu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho ukugcina izinamba ezinengi zezinkukhu isisombululo akuzona ngaso sonke isikhathi esikahle, ngoba imithi kufanele idliwe noma idakwe kathathu ngosuku.

Isilinganiso nokuphatha:

• Amathebulethi achotshoziwe ancibilika emanzini futhi adakwe nenyoni;
• I-1 kg yesisindo somzimba kufanele ibe ngu-30-50 mg wezinto ezisebenzayo zamaphilisi, ehlakazwe ku-1 ilitha liketshezi;
• inkambo yokwelapha iviki elilodwa, kodwa uma izimpawu zesifo sezilahlekile ngaphambili, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuvame ukuma ekuseni.

Ngaphandle kokuthi "Levomitsetina" kanye nokuxilongwa okunembile kwe-pulloz efanelekayo kanye nomlingani wayo - i-Floricol. Njengokwesikhashana esidlule, imithi idakwe yinyoni ekukhunjweni kwe-0.1% kwezinkukhu ezincane kanye no-0.02% ngemfuyo emdala kunamaviki amane ubudala.

Kungakusiza ukuba ufunde ngalokho okunganikwa izinkukhu, ukubanikeza imifino, indlela yokudla izinkukhu kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, nendlela yokunikeza izinkukhu ezikhukhuleni ezinkukhu.

I-polymyxin

Esinye sezidakamizwa eziphumelela kakhulu futhi ezingabizi kuleli qembu i-Kolimitsin - ayibhubhisi iSalmonella kuphela, kodwa futhi namanye ama-bacterium angagammeli, ikakhulukazi, aphikisana nesenzo se-tetracyclines, i-streptomycin, ne-Levomycetin.

Indlela yokusebenza ifana nenguqulo yangaphambilini (i-soluble emanzini), futhi ngokuqondene nomthamo, bese kuthi u-5-10 mg wezinto ezisebenzayo kufanele uwele ku-1 kg wesisindo bukhoma. Inkambo yokwelashwa yizinsuku ezingu-5-7.

Tetracycline

Kusuka eqenjini le-tetracycline lama-antibiotics, i-Biomitsin isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulwa ne-pullorosis causative agent, ehlinzekwa njengengxube ye-powder nesisombululo somjovo.

NjengeKolimitsin, udakiwe izinyoni kanye namanzi, ngesilinganiso esifanayo - 5-10 mg nge-1 kg yesisindo esibukhoma senyoni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungaxuba umuthi ngesamba esincane sokudla bese unikeza izinkukhu phakathi nesonto.

Kubalulekile! "I-Biomitsin" ibonakala isenzo esiwusizo ngokumelene nezinambuzane ze-bacteria, kodwa kungcono ukungayisebenzisi uma kwenzeka izifo ezithathelwanayo zegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ne-protozoal, ngoba lesi sidakamizwa sizovimbela kuphela i-microflora yesisindo.

I-analogue enhle ye "Biomitsin" yi- "Biovit", eyingxenye yeqembu elifanayo lemithi. Ibuye ivimbele isenzo se-pulorosis nezifo nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ezifanayo. Kulesi simo, isisindo esisodwa se-1 kg esibukhoma siyoba ngu-0.63 mg wezinto ezisebenzayo. Ukuze isitoreji esincane esithatha isisindo esingu-1 kg, cishe u-70 g wokudla okomile kuyodingeka, ngakho-ke, 9 g wokulungiselela ilanele ingxenye ye-kilogram yokudla.

Fluoroquinolones

Wonke ama-antibiotic alaleli qembu aphumelela kakhulu ekulwa nokungabi negalelo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinambuzane ezigamu-negative, ngenxa yokuthi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuphatha izifo ezihlukahlukene zezinkukhu nezilwane zasemapulazini.

Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezithandwayo yizinto ezilandelayo:

1. I-Enromag. Lapho ukwelashwa izinkukhu, sebenzisa isixazululo sokulawulwa komlomo nge-dilution yangaphambili ka-5 ml wokubunjwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Isixazululo se-10% siphuthumayo emva kokukhishwa kokuqala ku-1 litre lamanzi. Uma ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa, le nyoni inikezwa imithi izinsuku ezingu-5, njengoba inkambo ephakanyisiwe yezinsuku ezintathu ngeke yanele.
2. "Baytril". Ngenani elincane lezinkukhu, ukudla kwezidakamizwa kwenzeka emva kokudonsa amaconsi amahlanu ku-1 ilitha lamanzi ezinsukwini ezintathu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kokuphumula izinsuku ezingu-7, izinkukhu zinikezwa i-vitamin complexes ukusiza ukubuyisela i-microflora emathumbu.
3. "Kolmik-E". Le mithi inikezwa ngomlomo nenyoni. Umthamo wansukuzonke uwu-5-10 mg nge-1 kg yesisindo esibukhoma senyoni, okungukuthi, 50 ml wokubunjwa kungathathwa ngamalitha angu-100 amanzi. Isikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-pullorosis nezinye izinhlobo ze-salmonellosis yizinsuku ezingu-5.
4. "Enrofloxacin". Isixazululo silungiswa ngesisekelo semali esilinganiselwe yamanzi adakiwe yinyoni. Kuzinkukhu ezivamile, 5 ml wezidakamizwa zichitheka ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, kanye nezinhlobo ze-broiler, umthamo unganda kancane. Esimweni esingapheli sesifo futhi ezimweni ezinzima zegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, inani elivunyelwe lingaba yi-100 ml ngamalitha angu-100 amanzi okudla. Inkambo yokwelashwa okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ukwelashwa kwezinyoni ezindala "Enrofloxacin" akusebenzi, ngoba ayikwazi ukuhlinzeka kahle.

Kubalulekile! Noma yiliphi lalezi zixazululo kufanele lilungiswe kuphela emalini yansuku zonke, ngosuku olulandelayo ingxube kufanele ibe yintsha.

Sulfanilamides

Kuzo izidakamizwa ze-sulfa, ezivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhloso zezilwane, okokuqala, kufanele zibhekwe ngokuthi "Ditrim". Lesi sidakamizwa sitholakala ngesimo se-powder nesisombululo somjovo, okumele sixubane nomthamo othile wamanzi noma ukudla ngaphambi kokukhonza.

Kuzinkukhu ezincane, isisombululo esihle kakhulu ukondla ingxube kusuka ku-1 ml yesisombululo kanye nelitha elilodwa lamanzi. Inkambo yokwelashwa yizinsuku ezingu-3-5. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, i-sulfonamide inikeza le nyoni ngendlela ephindwe kabili ukuze ikwazi ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-salmonellosis ne-pathogenic microflora ngaphansi kwethonya lamanye ama-microorganisms ezilimazayo. Ngendlela ehlanzekile, lezi zidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa njalo, kepha yizona eziyingxenye yemithi eminingi eyinkimbinkimbi esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-pullorosis.

Amalungiselelo enhlanganisela

Ukuze ukwelashwa kwezinkukhu, hhayi kuphela okwenziwe ngomumo, kodwa futhi nokulungiselela amalungiselelo kungasetshenziswa, ukuhlanganisa izinto eziningana ezisebenzayo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isibonelo, kufanele uqaphele u-Eriprim powder, oqukethe ama-antibiotic amabili nama-sulfanilamides amabili: i-colistin, i-tylosin, i-sulfadimidine, i-trimethoprim.

I-kilogram eyodwa yale nhlanganisela iyokwanela ngamalitha angu-1000 amanzi, kodwa uma uxuba umkhiqizo ngokudla, ke u-1000 kg womkhiqizo oqedile uzodinga 1.5 kg we "Eriprim". Inkambo yokwelashwa yizinsuku ezingu-3-7.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, izidakamizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi zingabizwa ngokuthi "i-Dolink" (inhlanganisela ye-doxycycline ne-lincomycin) ne-"Avidox" (i-doxycycline ne-colistin). Zombili izidakamizwa zinikezwa izinkukhu kanye nokudla noma zidakwe nesisombululo esingu-0.1% ezinsukwini ezingu-5. Ukhetho olungcono kakhulu lwezokwelapha lubhekwa njengendlela yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kanye namavithamini amafomula aqinisa ngesikhathi esifanayo eziqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokuvikela i-microflora yamathumbu.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

Noma yisiphi isifo kulula ukuvimbela kunokuba uhlanganyele ekwelapheni kwayo, ngakho-ke, ezindaweni zokulima ezizimele, futhi ezimweni zokuzala izinkukhu, ukuze kuvikelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-chicken, kufanelekile ukunamathela kwezinye izidingo zokuvimbela.

Ngokwamapulazi ezinkukhu yi:

• ukuhlolwa njalo kwemfuyo, kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshitshwa kwezinkukhu;
• ukuhlolwa okugcwele ezinsukwini ezingama-50-55 noma emva kokufinyelela ku-45% komkhiqizo;
• ukondla izinkukhu kuphela usebenzisa ukudla okuphezulu futhi uhlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo ezihlanzekile nezokuhlanzeka;
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwekamelo kanye nokuqothula ngokusebenzisa okuphephile kwezinkukhu.

Ividiyo: ukuvinjelwa kwesifo senkukhu Uma uzalisa izinkukhu emapulazini angasese, okokuqala, kufanele uhambisane nezincomo ezilandelayo:

• Thenga izinkukhu (noma amaqanda okufakelwa ukufakwa ngaphakathi) kufanele kube kuphela kubakhiqizi abafakazelwe, mhlawumbe ngokufaka ubufakazi obubhalwe phansi bempilo yenkukhu yabo;
• kanye nezinkukhu, kungcono ukuthenga ngokushesha ukudla okunamavithamini okutholakala kuwo (ukudluliselwa kwesinye isondlo kufanele kube kancane kancane);
• ukuguqulwa kwesondlo namanzi ezimweni zokuqala zokulima kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi eziningana ngosuku kanye nokususwa okuphoqelekile kwazo zonke izidumbu zokudla ezihlakazekile;
• uma kukhona kakade izinkukhu endlini yenkukhu, ukufika okusha okwesikhashana kumele kubekwe eceleni ekamelweni elihlanzekile kuze kube yilapho bekhula bakhule;
• Ungavumeli ukuthintana kwezinkukhu ngezinyoni zasendle: zithwala izifo ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi, kanye ne-pullorosis;
• uma unakekela izinkukhu, kuphakanyiswa ukushintsha izicathulo nezingubo ukuze ungathinteli ukutheleleka ngokwakhiwa;
• noma kunokwenzeka, izilwane ezincane zingagonywa kangcono.

Yiqiniso, i-pullorosis yisifo esingathandeki, kodwa akuwona umusho kubo bonke abantu. Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi esifanele kuzosiza ekugwemeni imiphumela emibi, futhi ukuvimbela njalo nokugcina zonke izinyathelo zokuqapha cishe kuzoqeda ngokuphelele ukuthi kwenzekani.

Uyazi? Igobolondo lamaqanda linesakhiwo esibucayi futhi sinamaphesenti angaba ngu-7000. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwenkukhu ngaphakathi. Ngandlela-thile, amaqanda lapho ama-cockerels kufanele avele ahlale esindayo kunamaqanda anesidlo sowesifazane ngaphakathi.

Ngakho-ke, lapho kunzima kakhulu, kuhle ukuphinde ujwayele ulwazi olwethulwe.

Ukubuyekeza okuvela kwinethiwekhi