Umlimi we-novice kufanele azi ukuthi azigawule nini izihlahla, futhi akwazi ukusika amagatsha ngendlela efanele. Ukuthena kusiza izinqubo zokwakha umqhele, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe ukukhula okungafuneki kwegatsha ngobubanzi nangobude. Ukubona futhi kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokwenza isivuno engadini kube ngokucebile, ukuvikela ezinambuzaneni futhi kwandise kakhulu impilo yesitshalo.
Lapho kungenzeka ukunquma izihlahla zezithelo futhi kungani ukukwenza - imibuzo ethandwayo phakathi kwezakhamizi zasehlobo. Wonke umuntu ufuna isivuno esihle nezihlahla ezinempilo.
Izihlahla ze-apula ekwindla
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuthena ziyathandwa:
- Masinyane nje ngemuva kokutshala ukufakwa kwezimpande okusheshayo emhlabathini otshaliwe.
- Ukunciphisa. Kufanele isetshenziselwe ukukhula okungalawulwa kwamagatsha ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene nokwakheka komqhele.
- Ukupholisa. Amagatsha atshaliwe, anezifo noma okhubazekile ayasuswa.
- Uyeseka. Amagatsha amakhulu kakhulu afushaniswa, okunikeza lesi sihlahla umoya obengeziwe.
Ithonya lokuthena empilweni yesihlahla
Izihlahla kubhekwa njengokucindezela kwesihlahla. Kodwa-ke, usebenzisa le nqubo, ungaguqula izingqinamba ze-fruiting kanye nesimo esijwayelekile sesitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Uma ususa amagatsha akhula ngokungalungile futhi unikeza umqhele ubukhazikhazi obukhulu, kepha ungasebenzisi ukufinyezwa kokukhula konyaka, ungasheshisa isikhathi lapho isihlahla siqala ukukhiqiza izilimo. Kodwa-ke, okususa kulolu daba kuzoba ukuthi umqhele uzoba yi-ankle, ungazinzi, amagatsha - abuthakathaka futhi bambalwa abaphilayo.
Iphutha elivame kakhulu ngamagatsha amafushane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ungandisa kakhulu umqhele futhi unciphise ukukhula kwesitshalo, unciphise inani lezithelo. Ukunquma izitshalo ngokungacabangi nakho akusifanele - ngoba kuzoba kungazinzisi kuzithwathwa ezinzima.
Ukuze ube nezithelo ezinkulu nomqhele osongwe kahle, kufanelekile minyaka yonke ukusika ukukhula konyaka. Izithelo zizoba zinkulu, kepha isivuno ngokwaso sizokwehla kancane ngenxa yamagatsha amaningi.
Imithetho yokwenza nomqhele wokulungisa
Lapho izihlahla futhi zakha umqhele wezihlahla, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izitshalo zezithelo zinezigaba ezinhlanu zokuphila:
- Ukukhula kwezingxenye zemifino,
- Ukukhula okusebenzayo kanye nokwenza izithelo
- Ukukhula okulinganiselwe nokunikeza izithelo,
- Ukwehlisa ukukhula nokukhiqiza,
- Ukuguga
Nakani! Lapho kugaywa amagatsha esihlahla sezithelo, kufanele ucabangele iminyaka yaso, isigaba sempilo yayo bese ukhetha indlela efanele yokuthena.
Izinhlobo zomqhele ezitholakala ngemuva kokulungiswa:
- I-Sparse-tiered. Ilungele izihlahla zezithelo eziningi.
- I-Spinning-tiered. Yenza isihlahla sibe mude kakhulu, okwenza ukuthi ukuvuna ngesandla kube nzima.
- Akunamuntu. Ilungele izitshalo ezinamagatsha anamanzi kakhulu.
- Kuhlanganisiwe. Kuyathandwa phakathi kwamakherubi, amapheya kanye nezihlahla zeapula.
- I-Spindlebush (fusiform). Ifanele izihlahla ezibandayo.
- Bushy. Ukuze uthole izinhlobo ezikhule kakhulu.
- Half-flat: for plums, cherry plums, apricots.
- I-Palmettes, izintambo (flat). Kufanelekile uma ufuna ukukhuphula umkhiqizo.
Ukuphepha kokuphepha
Ukuphepha kusebenza ezindabeni zokuthena kanye nokutshala engadini:
- Izinto ezibukhali, ezisindayo akufanele ziphonswe, zidluliswa kuphela zisuka esandleni ziye kwesinye. Kulowo nalowo wabo kufanele kube nesembozo ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
- Ngesikhathi senqubo, sebenzisa igilavu ezizovimbela umonakalo, ukwenzeka kwama-splinters.
- Gcina izingane kude namathuluzi azibeka engozini.
- Balola ngezikhathi ezithile ama-secateurs, imimese. Ukulondolozwa, izingwegwe zilungele ukulengiswa entweni.
- Lapho usika, sebenzisa isitebhisi noma isitebhisi esinezinyathelo ezibanzi. Musa ukuncipha emvuleni nasezitebhisini ezimanzi.
- Gqoka izicathulo ezintofontofo ukuze ungashabalali.
Ukuthenwa kwesihlahla nokutshala
Izihlahla ezinkulu izihlahla ezindala
Izinkuni zezihlahla ezindala zivame ukuba mnene kakhulu, ngakho-ke izihlahla ezingalungile zingalimaza amagxolo.
Ukufakwa kwethambo kufanele kwenziwe ehlangothini olungaphansi ngokujula kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu. Cishe ama-3 cm aphambuka kokusikwa okungaphansi, bese igatsha elivela phezulu ligawulwa. Kulokhu, amagxolo ngokuqinisekile azohlala ephephile futhi ezwakala kahle, ngeke akwazi ukuphuma.
Ubuchwepheshe bokusika nokusika
Amagatsha afinyeziwe ngokususa le ngxenye ebangeni eliphelele:
- Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokutshalwa kwezitshalo ukucipha okuncane,
- Isigamu - isilinganiso
- Ngaphezu kwengxenye kunamandla.
Ukuthena okudala ukuguga kwesihlahla sezithelo
Ubuchwepheshe:
- "Ngaphansi kwendandatho" - isilayidi senziwa engxenyeni engenhla yokuthontelana phezu kwezinkuni.
- Ukunqunywa kwamagatsha wonke - ukususa amagatsha angadingekile, ngenhloso yokuthola ukukhanya kwelanga ungene ngaphakathi komqhele.
- I-Kerbovka. Umcimbi onqabile obanjelwa ukunciphisa ijubane lokukhula kwezinqubo.
Nakani! Isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi sokukhula, ingcosana yehlumela lokukhula iyenziwa, emva kwalokho kumiswa ukwakhiwa kwama-spruces kanye namagatsha aqinile.
Isikimu Sokuhlelela Umqhele
Kunezinhlelo eziningi zokwakhiwa komqhele wezihlahla. Okudumile kakhulu yile:
- Kushunqisiwe. Kwakha ithambo lesitshalo eliqinile.
- Inqunyiwe. Ifanela kahle izihlahla zama-apula, idala isisekelo esiqinile.
- I-Fusiform. Dinga umsebenzi wezandla wonyaka.
Ezihlahleni zamapula zaminyaka yonke, ukwakheka komqhele kwenzeka ngemuva kokutshala. Izithombo azifani emagatsheni aqinile, ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwezihlahla, kubalulekile ukufeza umphumela omuhle ukuze ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela amasha kuqale.
Izinsuku Zokunciphisa
Isikhathi sokunqunywa luhambisana kahle nekhalenda yenyanga nemijikelezo yenkanyezi. Ngakho-ke, enyangeni ewohlokayo, ukugeleza kwe-sap kuyanda, lapho uMhlaba udlula izimpawu zodiac zezinhlanzi, i-Aquarius nomdlavuza, kwehla kakhulu.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe. Isikhathi sokuthena ngaso sonke isikhathi kuya ngokuya ngohlobo, ubudala besihlahla sezithelo, lapho ingadi itholakala khona, futhi ezimweni ezitholakala kuzo isimo sezulu sithini.
Esifundeni SaseMoscow, isikhathi siyahluka: lapha awukwazi ukusebenzisa ama-trimmings wasentwasahlobo kuphela, kodwa futhi ukwenze ehlobo (Meyi, Juni) nasebusika (uFebhuwari). ESiberia, izihlahla ziholwa kuphela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngoMashi, khona-ke izithelo ziyoba zikhulu kakhulu futhi zibe namanzi.
Kubalulekile! Akunakusho ukuthi ukuthenwa okwenziwe ngethuku lokugqwala, noma ingabe amagatsha aqhamuka ngokuphelele ngezandla zakho - isitshalo sizogula size sife. Kuyadingeka futhi ukucubungula izingxenye ezinkulu, zimboze ngopende wamafutha noma i-var. Ama-apricots noma ama-petshisi anezisiko ezincane. Kulokhu, ijubane lokupholisa amanxeba lizokhuphuka liye ku-3 cm ngonyaka (ngaphandle kokwelashwa - 1 cm ngonyaka).
Izinsuku ezithandekayo ngo-2019 zokuthena ekwindla:
- Septhemba: 1, 16, 26, 28.
- Ngo-Okthoba: 5, 8, 13, 29.
- Novemba: 4, 9, 25, 28.
NgoDisemba kwabalimi kubhekwa njengenyanga yokuphumula.
Izihlahla ekwindla
Ekwindla, izihlahla kwenziwa:
- Amagatsha amadala
- Amagatsha abolile, ephukile futhi onakele.
Isikimu sokunciphisa ukwakha umqhele okhulayo olawulwayo
Ekwindla, umuthi ungena esigabeni sokuphumula, ngakho-ke inqubo ngeke imlethele ingcindezi enkulu. Uhlelo lokusebenza lumi ngokulandelayo:
- Amagatsha amakhulu aphukile,
- Phakathi kwamagatsha akhula eduze, abuthakathaka bayasikwa,
- Sika amagatsha akhula ngamakhona abukhali,
- Izingcezu ze-Smear kufanele zibe: emncane - ngemuva kosuku, komile - ngokushesha,
- Amagatsha asikiwe ayashiswa.
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokunquma
Lapho kuzoba ngcono ukunquma izihlahla, ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, kuya ngezinto eziningi. Entwasahlobo, kungcono ukwenza lokhu, ngoba kulezi zinyanga umuthi uvuka kuphela kanti amanxeba aphola ngokushesha.
Kubalulekile! I-pear, i-cherry, iplamu ngemuva kokuthena ekwindla ingagula nakancane. Futhi, ngalesi sikhathi, ungatheni izithombo ezincane.
Uma amagatsha aphukile avela kungazelelwe ngemuva kwesimo sezulu esibi, kufanele asuswe ngokushesha, naphezu kwesikhathi sonyaka. I-contraindication eyodwa yalokhu kungaba ukushisa komoya okungama-degrees angama-5 nangaphansi.
Ungasibekela kanjani ukusikeka kokubona
Izilonda namanxeba, njengomthetho, kufanele kuvalwe nge-sealant. Lokhu kuvimbela amanzi namagciwane ukungena ekungeneni kwemifantu. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, igatsha lizoqala ukoma esitsheni, kuphume ujusi, bese amanzi eqala ukuphuma. Kamuva, kungabonakala isigaxa esifundeni se-cut.
Ngingamboza kanjani ukusikeka ezihlahleni zezithelo:
- Indawo engadini
- Ingxube ye-Loam
- Uma isilonda sikhulu ngokweqile, khona-ke isixazululo sosimende siyasetshenziswa,
- Upende nge-emulsion yamanzi,
- Turf eyakhiwe
- Ingadi Var.
I-Garden var evela enkampanini ethi "Garden Magician"
UPutty angenziwa ngokuzimela noma athengwe ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Ingadi Var ekhaya
Ngaphambi kokulungisa isixazululo se-engil var ekhaya, kufanele ulungiselele amanoni, i-rosin ne-wax.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe. Isithako ngasinye senza umsebenzi obalulekile. Amafutha azosiza ukwakheka ukuthi kungome ngesikhathi sokushisa, i-rosin iyiqembu elihle nesitshalo, i-wax ivimbela ukungena komswakama.
Izinketho zamafutha kungaba ukomisa uwoyela noma uwoyela wemifino. Esikhundleni se-wax, kungenzeka ukuthatha i-turpentine.
Var for izihlahla:
- Amafutha ne-rosin - 1 ingxenye, i-wax - izingxenye ezi-2. Phambilini, zonke izinto ezakhiwayo zidinga ukuncibilika, ngemuva kokuxubana, uthele amanzi abandayo.
- Amafutha owomile (ingxenye eyi-1) - iRosin (4) - iParafini (20).
- Amafutha emifino (ingxenye eyi-1) nezingxenye ezi-2 ze-wax ne-rosin.
Uma ufisa, umlotha ungangezwa ku-var.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-varn engadini ekuqhubekeni
Ngaphambi kokumboza ukusikeka, amanxeba, isitshalo se-var sesihlahla sezingadi kufanele sincibilikiswe. Lapho ithamba, ukuyifaka kungqimba olunqenqemeni lokusika ngeke kube nzima. Ungqimba obukhulu lungabola amagatsha.
Nakani! Ngesikhathi senqubo, qiniseka ukuthi ama-var awawa phezu kwegxolo. Ukuzisika kuphela kungaphansi kokucutshungulwa. Amagxolo kufanele aqhubeke ehlanzekile, bese inqubo yokwakha umqulu ogwazayo, osiza isilonda ukuba siphole, sisheshe futhi sibe yimvelo ngokwengeziwe.
Ungathambisa kanjani i-var engadini
Ukuthambisa "umsizi" wezihlahla akunzima, kufanele kufudunyezwe kubhavu wamanzi. Uma lokhu kungatholakali, ungabeka amabhola ambalwa we-var elangeni elishisayo, bese uyelula ngezandla zakho.
I-Var, njengomthetho, inamafutha kakhulu, ngakho-ke lapho uyisebenzisa kucezu, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-spatula yokhuni. Kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa ngitsho nangomunwe ukulawula ubukhulu besendlalelo. Isendlalelo esisetshenziselwe i-saw akufanele singeqi ku-1-2 mm.
Ukugudla izihlahla zezithelo
Ukuphonsa amagxolo ezihlahla kuvimbela ukwenzeka kwemifantu eyingozi enomthelela ekuhlukaniseni amagxolo ezinkuni. Ngemuva kokukhula ngamandla, ukukhula okusebenzayo kwesiqu kuqala ngobukhulu, umsebenzi we-cambium uyathuthuka, futhi kwakhiwa ikhuphukela elincane le-cortex. Ingozi yemigodi yesithwathwa nayo iyancishiswa.
Ukuhlikihla amagxolo esihlahla se-apula
Ukuzikhohlisa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ummese okhethekile wefreyimu esibambeni ngokujula kwe-1.5-2 mm.
I-Furrowing yenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Ukusikeka kwenziwa ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kude ne-1-2 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye kusuka kumqhele uqobo kanye nasentanjeni yezimpande.
- Iyaqhubeka, ukusikeka okude kuyasetshenziswa.
Ukusikeka kusheshe kubulawa magciwane nesixazululo se-zethusi sulfate 2%. Imvamisa umcimbi uqala ukwenziwa ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala.
Uma uhlanza kahle isihlahla, usika bese ucubungula izinkuni ezindaweni ezifanele, khona-ke isivuno sezithelo ngeke sithathe isikhathi eside. I-apula elihle noma iparele lizoqina futhi liqine futhi lizothola ukubukeka okuhle kokuzilungisa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza inqubo okokuqala ngokuya ngezincomo noma ngaphansi kokugadwa kwabaqadi abanolwazi nabanolwazi, ukuze ungagawuli amagatsha abalulekile esihlahleni futhi ungaholeli ekufeni kwesitshalo.
