Izifo ze-nasturtium - kungani amahlamvu ephenduka aphuzi

Kungekudala kakhulu, kwaqala ukusetshenziselwa izihlahla ze-nasturtium ukuhlobisa imibhede yezimbali. Kuze kube ngekhulu le-16, lesi sitshalo sasisetshenziswa njengesiqholo esinephunga elingajwayelekile. Ezweni laseNasturtium, eMelika Ephakathi, abantu bendawo badla izimpande zesitshalo. EYurophu, baqale babonga ukunambitheka kwamaqabunga, izimbali nezithelo, base beqala ukuhlobisa imibhede yezimbali ezingadini ngamabhishi amahle aqhakazile neziqu ezinwabuzelayo.

Izifo ze-nasturtium kanye nokwelashwa kwabo

Imbewu ye-nasturtium, enegama lesibili elithi capuchin (lat. Tropaéolum), amatilosi asenkathi ebuyayo asuka ohambweni lwaseMelika, aphathwa ngemithi yesikhova nangomkhuhlane. Kuze kube manje, izakhi zesitshalo zisetshenziswa emithini yendabuko, cosmetology nasekuphekeni.

Ama-Nasturtiums njengomhlobiso wodonga lwendlu

Kepha lesi sitshalo uqobo singalimaza - isihlahla esikhulayo esiqabayo siqala ukuqothuka, iziqu saso siphele, amacembe aphenduke aphuzi, izimbali eziqhakazayo, amabala ama-necrotic nokubola kuvele. Ukulwa nezifo zeTropaéolum akulula, kepha uma ufisa, noma yisiphi isifo singenziwa siyeke.

Kungani amaqabunga e-nasturtium aphenduka aphuzi, nokuthi enzeni

Ezimweni ezinhle zesimo sezulu, i-thermophilic nasturtium ikhula njengesitshalo esingapheli, kodwa lezi zitshalo azikwazi ukubekezelela ubusika obubandayo. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sezulu esifudumele, ama-capuchin atshalwa njengaminyaka yonke engadini, angakhula njengopelepele oqhubekayo, ukuhlobisa imingcele ezindleleni, kanye nemigwaqo emincane emincane.

Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okuhle - izimbali ezibushelelezi, eziphindwe kabili noma eziphindwe kabili futhi eziluhlaza, amaqabunga ambozwe yi-wax, izinhlobo ezikhulayo ze-nasturtium zikhulele ezimbizeni ezilengayo zokuhlobisa ama-balconies, ama-verandas. Umbala wamacembe ubuswa yimithunzi emhlophe, ephuzi, ebomvu, e-orange-pink.

I-Nasturtium kusaladi

Ukushintshwa kombala wamacembe namaqabunga akuvezi njalo isifo se-nasturtium. Ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga eqabunga eliphansi kuvame kakhulu ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi ukukhanya kwelanga kube phezu kwabo, noma umphumela uhambisana nokuguga kwesitshalo.

Mhlawumbe isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu noma lina kakhulu emgwaqweni - zombili lezi zinto zithinta umbala wamaqabunga. Esimweni sokuqala, ilanga lishisa amaqabunga kanti nezitshalo azinawo umswakama. Ukunisela okwengeziwe nokugawulwa kwezihlahla kuzosiza ukulungisa lesi simo. Esimweni sesibili, ukuthambisa amanzi kwenhlabathi kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izimpande ziyabola, okungukuthi, ukudonsa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka.

I-ampelous nasturtium

Ngaphezu kwezimbangela zemvelo noma ngenxa yokungapheleli ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa, i-yellow of nasturtium ingavela ngenxa yokutheleleka kwezitshalo ezinezifo ezithathelanayo. Ukusetha ukuqonda ukuthi kungani amaqabunga e-nasturtium ephenduka ephuzi, kubalulekile ukunaka ukusatshalaliswa kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Uma lezi kungamabala angenasiphuzi ophuzi ophuzi, i-nasturtium ishiya igoqo, khona-ke lokhu kungaba yi-viral mosaic. Izithwali zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ziyizinambuzane, ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu ingaba ngumthombo wesifo.

Kungani i-nasturtium ingaqhakaza

Ubude obunganele bamahora okukhanya kosuku, umoya obandayo, inhlabathi yobumba esindayo, ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo ezingekho emthethweni, nezenzo ezingezinhle zezolimo yizo izizathu zokuthi i-nasturtium ingaqhakaze.

Ngosuku olufushane empilweni yama-nasturtiums, isikhathi sokuphumula siqala. Izitshalo ezitshalwe ezimbizeni zezimbali zishiswa impela ebangeni lamakamelo, kepha ziqhakaza kuphela entwasahlobo. Izinguquko zokushisa - ubusuku obubandayo, izinsuku ezishisayo zizothinta ikhono lezitshalo ukwakha ama-buds.

Umhlabathi we-Clay ongavumeli ukuthi amanzi adlule kuwo uzothusa isimo sohlelo lwezimpande. Imibhede yezimbali egcotshwe ukhula, ukuqhekeka kwenhlabathi, ukungondli ngokweqile ngezakhi zomzimba - ukungayinaki imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo ngeke kuvume ukuthi izitshalo zikhule ngokugcwele.

Imibala ekhanyayo yama-nasturtiums

Kungani i-nasturtium inamaqabunga anamathela

Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi ngokusungulwa kwesimo sezulu esifudumele njalo, izinambuzane ze-nasturtium ziphindaphindeka ngobuningi obukhulu. Lezi zinambuzane zibandakanya ama-aphid. Ukusuka kowesifazane oyedwa ngesizini eyodwa, kungavela izibungu eziyizinkulungwane eziningana. Ukuguqulwa kwabo kube yi-aphid yabantu abadala kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isitshalo esisodwa singaphila umndeni omkhulu ohlanganisa izizukulwane eziningana zabantu.

Ama-aphid adla izithombo zezitshalo futhi enza umthi onamathelayo, omnandi. Ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga e-nasturtium aba anamathela, ngoba imbali yama-aphid iyindlela yokwelapha yangempela. Abalimi batshala ama-capuchin ukuze ama-aphid asuke ezitshalweni zemifino aye emaqabunga awo. Ngemuva kwalokho izihlahla zezimbali ziphathwa ngama-insecticides noma zimane zishiswe ngama-aphid.

Ama-aphid engaphansi kwamaqabunga

Kungani i-nasturtium yomile nokuthi ungasindisa kanjani imbali

Imbali eqala ukoma ehlobo ekuphakameni kokuqhakaza kwazo zonke ezinye izitshalo ngokungangabazeki ingadala ukukhathazeka. Impendulo yombuzo wokuthi kungani i-nasturtium ikhula kabi ingaba izinguqulo eziningana:

• ukunakekelwa okungekuhle
• nenhlabathi esindayo
• isifo
• izinambuzane.

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukususa zonke izici ezingezinhle, futhi ngemuva kokwelashwa i-capuchin iyaqhubeka yoma, kufanele ichithwe.

Kulokhu, kukhethwa iziqu eziqinile ezinempilo emithini futhi zinqunywe ukusikwa ngama-2-3 internode. Shiya amaqabunga ama-2. Bafinyeze nge-1/3. Izingxenye ezingezansi zokusika ziphathwa nge-ejenti ye-rooting bese ifakwa emanzini ukuze ikhule izimpande.

Ngemuva kokuvela kwezinqubo zezimpande, ukusika kutshalwe engxenyeni yesihlabathi nge-peat, ukuthambisa ejwayelekile kuyaqhubeka. Kancane kancane, inhlabathi enomsoco kanye nezithako eziyinkimbinkimbi zengezwa emabhodweni, zikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise uhlelo lwezimpande zezisiki.

Entwasahlobo, emva kokushisa okuzungeze i-20 ° C kumiswe emigwaqweni, izithombo ezicijile zidluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile noma ezimbizeni zezimbali.

Ukusika kwe-midzi

Ibonakala kanjani i-chlorosis ye-nasturtium?

Ukuntuleka kwensimbi enhlabathini noma ukungasebenzi kwezimpande ukuthola into yamakhemikhali enhlabathini futhi iqondise emaqabungeni ngoba i-photosynthesis kuholela kuphuzi lepuleti leqabunga.

Isici esibonakalayo se-chlorosis yimithambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemuva kwesigaxa seqabunga. Ama-Nasturtiums athululela ama-ovari nezimbali, imiphetho esontekile futhi anciphise usayizi wamaqabunga.

Ukwelashwa, i-nasturtium inezelwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe i-iron chelate, i-ejenti ye-antichlorosis.

Kuyini i-powdery isikhutha e-nasturtium (lat.Erysiphaceae)

I-Powdery hlobo yisifo sokukhunta. Izibonakalisa ngesimo samabala endatshana emhlophe enamabhola ansundu agqamile amnyama kumaqabunga neziqu.

I-Powdery isikhutha amakhowe afakwe ngaphakathi ezinhlamvu

Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ukuhlanganiswa kuba mnyama futhi kuguqule umbala ube nsundu. I-mycelium iyakhula, ukondleka kwenzeka ngenxa yezicubu zezitshalo. AmaNasturtiums ayaphela, ayeke ukukhula, iziqu zawo namaqabunga aba mnyama. Izimbali zilahlekelwa ukukhanga kwazo.

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngamalungiselelo iFundazol, Skor, Vectra.

Ukubola okumpunga (lat. Botrytis cinerea)

Lesi sifo sifinyelela ezitshalweni ezivela emoyeni. Amagagasi omoya asabalalisa izinhlamvu zefungus ze-botritis, zibangele ukuvela kweziqu namaqabunga, ukuthambisa izicubu, ukubola kwezimpande, ukuwa kwama-inflorescence.

Umenzeli we-causative udluliselwa kalula ngezandla zomuntu ngemuva kokuxhumana nesitshalo esinegciwane. Amakhowe ahlekisa kakhulu: ahlala kokhula, kuzo zonke izingadi nezitshalo zemifino, kuthinta izithelo ezinkulu namajikijolo amancane.

Izindlela zokulwa nokubola grey zifaka phakathi ukubhujiswa kwamagciwane. Okokuqala, zonke izingxenye zezitshalo ezithintwe yisikhunta ziyasuswa, bese izihlahla ze-nasturtium ziphathwa ngeGamair, Alirin, Fitosporin-M.

Njengoba izinhlayiya zesikhunta zihlala kudoti wesitshalo ongaphezulu kwenhlabathi, ngaphambi kokutshala izimbali, kubalulekile ukuvikela lesi sifo - ukukhulula, kungenawo ukhula futhi ukhiphe umhlabathi inhlabathi emibhedeni yezimbali, ukukha izinto zokutshala.

Ukubola okumnyama kwe-nasturtium (lat.Guignardia bidwellii)

I-pathogen Guignardia bidwellii, ebangela ukubola okumnyama, ivame cishe kuwo wonke amazwe anesimo sezulu esifudumele nesipholile.

Sisakazeka, njengawo wonke amakhowe, ngama-spores. Amachashazi amhlophe amhlophe avela esitshalweni akhula kancane, aphenduke ansundu bese kuba mnyama. Ifomu lesikhala elinezindawo ezicwengekile namaqabunga. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kufana nokulwa negrey bola.

Izimpawu zokulimala sekwephuzile

I-Funger of genus Phytophthora infestans ibizwa ngokuthi abadli bezitshalo.

Ikhowe liqala ukunyakaza kwalo lisuka ngaphansi lisuka ngaphansi komhlaba. Okokuqala, amabala ansundu aqhakaza anebala elimhlophe avela ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zeziqu namaqabunga esihlahla sokuqala. Isikhunta sisebenza ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esinamafu nangasemanzini ngenhlabathi.

Ukulwa ne-pathogen kuqala ngezindlela zokuvimbela, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuqala kwalesi sifo. Ukwandisa ukumelana kwezimbali, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokugcwalisa ungqimba lomhlabathi ngezakhi ezidingekayo - umanyolo we-nasturtium wokuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi.

Ukuqeda ukhunta sebenzisa i-Fitosporin-M, Trichodermin.

Ubala obunsundu wama-nasturtiums (lat. Phyllosticta petuniae Sp.)

I-phylosticosis, amabala ansundu, nayo ingezifo zesikhunta. Amagciwane okulimaza sekwephuzile kanye ne-phylosticosis ancintisana, ngakho-ke, ngasikhathi sinye, lezi isikhunta azihlali esitshalweni esisodwa.

Izindawo zomnqumo eziphuzi ze-phyllosticosis zivela ngokutshala okuqinile nokunisela okungaphezulu kwamaqabunga neziqu. Ngakho-ke, impi yokulwa nefungus ayihlanganisi ukusetshenziswa kwama-fungicides aqukethe ithusi kuphela, kepha futhi nezindlela zokuvimbela eziqinisekisa ukushintshanisa okwanele kwegesi phakathi kwezitshalo.

Izimpawu zokulimala kwamaqabunga nge-phylosticosis

Izimbangela Zesifo seNasturtium

Ama-Florists, abhekene neqiniso lokuthi i-nasturtium iveze izifo nezinambuzane futhi azi ukuthi zingaqhubekiswa kanjani izitshalo, kusamele aziqonde izizathu zokuvela kwazo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela ukuqothuka kwezimbali ngokuzayo, ngeke kunikeze isizathu sokucabanga ukuthi kungani amaqabunga e-nasturtium ephenduka aphuzi, amahlumela ewa, nezimpande zibola.

• Ukwephula izinga lokushisa

Izitshalo zohlobo lweTropaéolum ziziindawo zezifunda ezifudumele ezisendaweni efudumele. Futhi, yize umsebenzi wokukhetha uholele ekuqubukeni kwezinhlobo ezintsha ze-nasturtium ezingamelana kakhulu namakhaza, nokho lezi zimbali zidinga ukufudumala. Ngaphandle kwalokho, baba buthaka futhi baqale ukulimala, lokhu kungenzeka futhi kube yisizathu sokuthi i-nasturtium ingaqhakaza.

• Ukwephula ukwephula

Ukuchelela okuningi kakhulu ngamanzi abandayo e-klorini kuholela ekubukeni kohlelo lwezimpande. Izinto ze-organic kanye nezimbiwa ezincibilikisiwe emanzini, ezisetshenziswa ngamaseli wamaqabunga kanye nesiqu ngemisebenzi yazo ebalulekile, ziyeka ukugeleza eziqongweni zezitshalo. Ngaphandle kwama-macro- kanye nama-microelements, ukukhiqizwa kwe-chlorophyll kuyaphela, futhi ukuvikela kwezitshalo ezifakwatheni kuyancipha.

• Ukushoda kwensimbi

Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nesikhathi sokufaka umanyolo lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala imbewu noma ukutshala izithombo kuholela ekutheni amagciwane enhlabathi awunasikhathi sokucubungula amakhemikhali abe yisimo sokugaya izitshalo kalula. Izitshalo ngeke zikwazi ukuthola izinto - i-iron, ithusi, i-manganese, noma ngabe yeqile. Ngokuntuleka kwensimbi, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, efihlekile ewa, ihlumela ngaphandle

• Izifo ezihambisana nokuswakama ngokweqile

Izifo eziningi zokukhunta ze-nasturtium zihambisana nokugeleza kwamanzi ngokweqile endaweni yezimpande, umswakama ophezulu, nokunisela okuningi emaqabungeni.

Ukulwa nesikhunta kungenzeka uma ukwelashwa kokuthambisa kwenhlabathi nezitshalo ezine-biofungicides, ukubulala amagciwane amathuluzi engadini nezakhiwo, kanye nokuvikelwa kwezitshalo emoyeni kwenziwa.

Amakhemikhali wezolimo nokuvikelwa kwezitshalo

Uhlu lwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo lubandakanya:

• ama-insecticides - amakhemikhali abulala izinambuzane, kanye namaqanda nezibungu;
• fungicides - izinto zemvelo kanye zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo.

Ungawaphatha kanjani amakhambi abantu

Izitshalo zivame ukuvikela kakhulu ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Izitshalo ezikhipha izinto ezinephunga elimnandi ngephunga lazo zisungula umgoqo phakathi kwezinambuzane namagciwane nezimbali.

Isifo sokukhunta

I-Phytoncides ifaka i-nasturtium uqobo, kanye negalikhi, i-dill, umhlonyane, i-basil, i-lemon balm. Ukusuka kwesiqu sabo namaqabunga ama-infusions kanye nama-decoctions ayalungiswa futhi aphatha ingaphezulu lomhlabathi eduze kwezitshalo eziyinkinga.

Ukulwa nokulimaza sekwephuzile, sebenzisa i-serum. Imvelo yayo ene-acid ayikuvumeli ukuthi isikhunta sikhuphuke ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga. Amanzi ngokungezwa kwamaconsi ambalwa we-iodine anezindawo zokulwa nomzimba. Ukukhishwa kwamanzi kusuka kumlotha wezinkuni kusetshenziswa njengomanyolo nokuvikela izifo zezifo zokukhunta.

Ukuvimbela nokuvikelwa kwe-nasturtium ezinambuzaneni nasezifo

Ukubuka okungajwayelekile - Canary Nasturtium

Izifo ze-Nasturtium zingavinjelwa esiteji sokulungiswa kwenhlabathi nokukhethwa kwendawo yokutshala. Amagciwane asemagciwane kanye nezinhlamvu zesikhunta, izibungu ze-aphid nezombala omhlophe, kanti ibhungane lamazambane leColorado liyofa enhlabathini eye yacekelwa futhi yangcoliswa ngokuphelele. Ukuvulwa kokuqunjelwa kwenhlabathi eyomile ngeke kuphazamise ukushintshanisa kwegesi endaweni yezimpande.

Ukuvuna imfucumfucu yesitshalo kuzovimbela ukuqhamuka kwezimbungulu zezimvemvane ezinamakhaza. Ukunisela okulawulwayo ngamanzi afudumele amile ngeke kuvume ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlamvu zezifo zokukhunta, i-hypothermia yezimpande, ukutshala kwezitshalo.

I-Nasturtium iyimbali engabekezeleleki ukuthi ezimeni zasekhaya isakazeka kahle ngembewu. Incazelo yezinhlobo zesimanje zalezi zimbali manje, sibonga i-Intanethi, etholakala kubo bonke abalimi. Noma yiziphi zalezi zitshalo, uma zivundiswa ngesikhathi, zivikelwe ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni, ngeke zihlobise ingadi kuphela, kodwa ziyoba ukuziqhenya kwabanikazi bazo.