Abalimi abaningi bezimbali bathanda ukukhulisa irises emibhedeni yabo yezimbali. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba kufanekisela injabulo. Ngokwenganekwane, lapho u-Prometheus enika abantu umlilo, imvelo ngokwayo yajabula, kwavela ngisho nothingo esibhakabhakeni. Wayekwazi ukubonwa usuku lonke, futhi ekuseni, lapho abantu bevuka, kutholakala izinduna endaweni yakhe. Manje lezi zimbali zingahlobisa noma isiphi isiza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwazi kuphela ukuthi ungatshala kanjani futhi unakekele irises.
Irises: ukutshala nokunakekela endaweni evulekile
Kanjani, nini futhi kuphi ukutshala irises? Lesi ngesinye sezihloko ezithakazelisa kakhulu izakhamizi zasehlobo ezithandekayo ezisetshenziselwa ukubona indawo yazo mihle futhi ilungiswe kahle. Ngemuva kokutshala, lezi zitshalo azithandi ukubanda, ngakho-ke izithombo ezincane kufanele zibe nesikhathi sokuqina ngaphambi kwesithwathwa. Bathinteka kakhulu ekushiseni kwe--10 ° C nangaphansi.
U-Irises
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, izinto ezilandelayo kumele zibhekwe futhi:
- Izitshalo zitshalwa kangcono ekuseni.
- Emgwaqweni kufanele kube nezinsuku ezifudumele.
- Qiniseka ukuthi ungafaki okusalungiswa nomoya.
Izinhlobo eziphakeme zama-irises zitshalwa kubude obungaba ngu-70 cm, kanti ezinkudlwana zincane okungenani ngu-30 cm.
Njengoba irises enentshebe ingakuthandi ukuthungwa kwamanzi, kufanele ibekwe enhlabathini ekhanyiwe. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, izimbali zitshalwa ezindaweni eziphakeme ezincane, okuphuma kuzo amanzi ahamba kahle. Indawo kufanele iboniswe kahle, emthunzini wezitshalo eziqhakaza kabi. Kodwa-ke, kuvunyelwe ukuthi ntambama izimbali zibe semthunzini okhethiweyo.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele ukhule kahle inhlabathi bese usula indawo yokhula.
Abanye abalimi baphinde bahlwanyele ngamaseli amancane. Ungamane usebenzise i-Lontrel noma i-Lintura herbicides ebulala ukhula ngempumelelo. Ngemuva kokuzisebenzisa, kusala kuphela ukuqoqa izimpande zokhula.
Ukucutshungulwa kweLontrel
Kungabi ngaphansi kwamaviki ama-3 ukulungiselela inhlabathi. Yize izimbali ze-iris zikhethekile, kepha uma sikhuluma ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ezinhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukulungisa umhlabathi ngokwakho. Inhlabathi enempilo izonikeza izitshalo ithuba lokuqhakaza kakhulu.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi ewusizo uzodinga:
- umquba
- umhlaba wegadi;
- phosphorus-potash umanyolo;
- izinkuni zomlotha noma ufulawa we-dolomite, osetshenziselwa ukukhulisa inhlabathi.
Uma inhlabathi ingubumba, isihlabathi kudingeka sengezelwe kuso futhi okuphambene nalokho, uma sinesihlabathi, bese kufakwa ubumba kuyo. Ukuze ukhipha isibulala-magciwane, inhlabathi kumele iphathwe ngeBaikal noma iFitosporin-M.
Ukutshala irises ehlobo
Ihlobo isikhathi esifanele sokufakelwa kwezitshalo, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi izinqubo ezintsha ze-rhizome ziqala ukukhula kuphela, futhi ukukhula kwazo okusebenzayo kuzoqala cishe amasonto amabili ngemuva kokufakelwa.
Lapho kuvela ihlumela lezimbali, amaqhude anesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande.
Ukutshala irises ekwindla
Ekwindla, amasampula asatshalaliswa kahle, lapho ihlumela selivele labekwa khona futhi ubude bawo bufinyelele ku-6 cm futhi ububanzi bungamasentimitha amathathu. Ngalesi sikhathi, iris kufanele ibe nohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle futhi uma imvula ende ingaqali, lapho ngonyaka olandelayo isitshalo sizoqina futhi sinikeze izimbali ezinhle kakhulu .
Kubalulekile! Kuyadingeka ukutshala abesilisa ekwindla ngaphambi kwezinsuku zokugcina zikaSepthemba.
Ukutshala irises entwasahlobo
Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kwe-irises kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaMashi futhi kuhlala kuze kube nguMeyi, kufaka phakathi. Konke kuncike ezimweni zezulu.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukuhlola kahle i-rhizome. Kuyadingeka ukusika izindawo ezonakalisiwe futhi ezibolile, nokusabalalisa nezimpande kwikhambi le-potanganum permanganate bese uziphatha nge-stimulator yokukhula, isibonelo, i-Ecogel noma iZircon kufanelekile.
Uma amahlumela athengwa emakethe, lapho-ke adinga ukugcinwa isikhashana kwisibulala magciwane, ngoba ngubani owazi ukuthi zigcinwe ngasiphi isikhathi.
Ukutshala anyanisi irises
Izinhlobo ze-Bulbous kumele zitshalwe ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, ukuze kuthi ngaphambi kweziqalo zokuqala zikwazi ukuthatha izimpande ziqinise. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ukufika ngezindawo kungenziwa ngo-Okthoba.
Ukutshala isibani
Uma kunesidingo sokutshala ama-bulbs entwasahlobo, udinga ukulingisa ukupholisa, khona-ke kulo nyaka uzokwazi ukujabulela izimbali ezivele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-bulbs esitsheni noma ebhodweni afakwa kuvulandi noma esiqandisini. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi amahlumela aqondiswa ngqo phezulu. Izithombo zitshalwe emhlabathini ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi.
Inqubo yesinyathelo sokufika
Ukuze ukhule izitshalo ezivela isibani, udinga ukuzijwayeza ulwazi ngokutshala irises nokuzinakekela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, gcina izincomo ezilandelayo:
- Udinga ukukhetha indawo efanelekile yokuhlala.
- Lungisa inhlabathi bese ukhipha izimbobo.
- Ukujula komgodi wokufika akufanele wedlule cm 8. Ibanga elifanayo liyagcinwa phakathi kwama bulbs.
- Izinto zokutshala zibekwa ezansi komgodi bese zicindezelwa kancane, bese zifafazwa ngenhlabathi.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo ziyaniselwa.
- Esigabeni sokugcina, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe nge-peat.
Khula irises kusuka imbewu
Kungenzeka ukukhulisa abesilisa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni zombili ngoSepthemba nangoMashi. Kodwa-ke, uma iqhwa selephuzile, khona-ke ngaphambi kokuba livele, amahlumela anesikhathi sokuvela, futhi avele aqandeke.
Kungcono ukubhekana nembewu ngoFebhuwari. Ukuze wenze lokhu, aboshelwe ngendwangu emanzi futhi abekwe esitsheni ngesivalo ngaphansi kwepholiji. Lapho, imbewu igcinwa izinsuku ezingama-30 ekushiseni okungaba ngu-3 ° C.
Kubalulekile! NgoMashi, isitsha sigcwele umhlaba futhi imbewu etshaliwe ibekwa endaweni efudumele. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, anikezwa ukukhanya okwengeziwe.
Ungayinakekela kanjani irises engadini
Abesilisa bangabezitshalo zezitshalo ezikhethiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukubanakekela kulula kakhulu.
Ukuthena amahlamvu
Into esemqoka ukukhipha ukhula ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngesandla, ngoba kuma-roosters uhlelo lwezimpande lusondele ebusweni futhi lungalimala. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kusadingeka ukuthi udambise inhlabathi ngesinye isikhathi - lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kusatshalaliswe umoya kangcono.
Izimbali ezomile eziwele phansi kufanele ziqoqwe ngezikhathi ezithile, ngoba ziheha izinambuzane. Kufanele futhi uqinisekise ukuthambisa okufanele, ukugqoka okuphezulu futhi uphathe izitshalo ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane nezifo.
Ukunaka! Uma kungahlelwanga ukutshala ama-cockerels, khona-ke ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali kudingeka asikwe, kusale amaqabunga angama-2,5 cm ubude
Imodi yokunisela
Kuze kube yilapho ama-buds akha futhi aqhakaza ezimbali, adinga ukuniselwa kabili ngesonto. Ngaphezu kwalo lonke ihlobo, inhlabathi iniselwa kuphela ngomiswa ngaphandle, uma singakhulumi ngezinhlobo zaseSiberia nezimbi. Lezi zitshalo zithanda umswakama.
Kubalulekile! Kuyadingeka ukukhetha indawo yokutshala ikhumbula ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba awasondeli ohlelweni lwezimpande zesitshalo. U-Irises akazibekezeleli.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yezimbali, ama-irises kufanele ahlale isikhashana emhlabathini owomile.
Ungayondla kanjani irises entwasahlobo yokuqhuma kwezimbali engadini
Ukuqalwa kwentwasahlobo yokuqala nge-nitrogen kwenziwa lapho iqhwa selincibilikile ngokuphelele futhi umhlaba usomile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuya ngezimo zezulu, ukusuka ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli.
Ukondla kwesibili kwenziwa lapho ama-irises aqala ukukhula. Ngalesi sikhathi, badinga umquba we-phosphorus-potassium. Zombili lezi zakhi zomzimba zitholakala ku-Agrofoska.
I-phosphorus nayo itholakala emikhiqizweni yokudlela yamathambo. Kodwa-ke, into enjalo kunzima ukuyithatha kusuka ebusweni, ngakho-ke udinga ukwenza ama-grooves amancane azungeze ama-irises uwagcwalise ngalomanyolo.
Ukunaka! Uma sikhuluma ngomhlabathi we-acid, khona-ke i-superphosphate ingayiqinisa kuphela, ngakho-ke, ngoba inhlabathi enjalo kungcono ukusebenzisa ufulawa we-phosphorite.
Ukondla nge-potassium kwenziwa kusetshenziswa umanyolo onjenge-sylvinite, umlotha wesithando kanye ne-potassium sulfate.
I-potassium sulfate ne-sylvinite yengezwa emhlabathini ngokubalwa kwezipuni esisodwa nesigamu nge-1 m². Umlotha uhlakazekile uzungeze lesi sitshalo ngenani lamazipuni amathathu esihlahleni ngasinye.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, abesilisa badinga umanyolo nge-potassium ne-phosphorus. Ukondla kubalulekile ngesimo se-ketshezi, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zingahlupheka ngenxa yokushiswa.
Umanyolo
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ukuze izimbali zikwazi ukubekezelela kahle ubusika, kufanele zinakekelwe kahle kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala:
- Izitshalo zitshalwa egqumeni ukuze ebusika kungabikho manzi amile eduze kwabo.
- Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama kufanele abe semhlabathini owomile futhi omile kahle.
- Kudingeka kuphela ukuwabumba lapho wonke amaqabunga esitshalo esomile. Amabhuleki afakwa ebhokisini lekhadibhodi, ngalinye lisongelwe ngokwahlukana ngendwangu, lifafazwe nge-peat. Ibhokisi lifakwa kuvulandi, noma kwenye indawo epholile.
- Ungashiya ama-ebusika ebusika nasemhlabathini, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kumele ambozwe ngamaqabunga awomile, azovikela kusuka kusiqhwa.
Ukufudusa irises ngemuva kwezimbali
Ngabe irises ingakhiqizwa nini ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali? Lo mbuzo uyathandeka kubalimi abaningi. Lapho nje ama-roosters ephelelwa amandla bese izixhumanisi ezincane zisekelwa ezimpandeni zawo, kepha izimbali zingakabonakali, zikulungele ukufakelwa. Amahlumela wonyaka angatshalwa lapho efika ku-3 cm. Ngezimpande ezincane, udinga ukuqaphela ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba zintekenteke kakhulu.
Ukunaka! Uma uphuthelwa lomzuzu, kuzofanela ulinde ukuphela kuka-Agasti noma kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Ungatshala kanjani irises ngendlela efanele
Lapho ukutshala ama-irises sekuyaziwa, manje kufanele ujwayelane nemithetho eyisisekelo yokuzala:
- Udinga ukwaba isihlahla ngosizo lwe-pitchfork. Ngemuva kokuba sekumbiwe, izinsalela zomhlaba zisuswa ezimpandeni.
- Amaqabunga omile ayaqedwa, bese izimpande zinqunywa, zishiya cishe amasentimitha ayi-10. Amaqabunga nawo asikiwe. Kusele ama-15 cm kuphela.
- Isihlahla sikamama sihlukaniswe izingxenye, futhi ungqimba olubuthakathaka lugxobhozwe kwikhambi le-potanganum permanganate.
- Ukusikwa kuphathwa nge-carbon ocushiwe ngokufakwa kwesibabule.
- Ngemuva kokuba izimpande zomile kancane elangeni, ziphathwa ngethonya lokukhula.
- Ngemuva kwalokho izinqubo zitshalwa emhlabathini ngendlela ejwayelekile.
Isifo se-Iris
Imvamisa, abesilisa bavame ukutholakala:
- Ukubola kwegciwane. Ama-causative agents alesi sifo ebusika enhlabathini noma kumfucumfucu wezitshalo. Ukubola kwamagciwane kuvela lapho iqhwa liyancibilika, noma ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Imbangela yokubukeka ingaphezu kwe-nitrogen emhlabathini, kanye nokutshala okuminyene nokungasebenzi. Okokuqala, isisekelo samaqabunga siba buthambile, bese lonke iqabunga liphenduka liphuzi bese bomile. Esigabeni sesibili, ukubola kwamagciwane kuthinta wonke fan futhi kungena ezimpandeni. Kunephunga elingathandeki kakhulu. Abalimi abaningi bezimbali bathanda ukucekela phansi isitshalo kunokuqala ukwelashwa okude futhi okungahlale kuphumelela. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo lapho i-Doxycycline ye-antibiotic isetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyinkinga futhi isitshalo siphile.
Ukubola kwegciwane
- I-Fusarium Imbangela yawo umswakama omningi kakhulu. Okokuqala, kuvela amabala amaqabunga emaqabungeni, bese kuba ngama-rizz kanye nama-diz. Ukugwema ukutheleleka, kufanele ulandele imithetho yokunakekelwa kwabesilisa futhi uvikele ukulimala kwemishini. Isitshalo esithintekayo siyasuswa, futhi indawo lapho ikhule khona iphathwa nge-chloride yethusi. Kwezinye izitshalo, iVitaros noma iTopsin-M iyasetshenziswa.
- Ukubuka kweqabunga. Ukutshala okuminyene, umswakama ophezulu kanye nokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus kuholela kulesi sifo. Lesi sifo ikakhulukazi sizibonakalisa engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi. Empini yokulwa nokugqatshwa kwamaqabunga, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezifana neStrobi noma iOrdan.
Kungani ama-irises engaqhakaza
Uma irises inakekelwa ngokungafanele, ingahle iqhume. Ngakho-ke kungani ungaqhakaza irises? Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Okusemqoka kufaka phakathi:
- Ukufika okungalungile.
- Ukuntuleka kwesikhala. Ngemuva kweminyaka lesi-5, titjalo tikhula kakhulu kangangekutsi kufanele titjalwe.
- Ukuntuleka kokukhanya - kulokhu, ukufakelwa kwe-iris kuba yisidingo.
- Ukuntuleka kokwelashwa ezinambuzaneni.
- Inhlabathi embi engafanele nhlobo kulezi zinhlobo.
- Ukungalandelwa kwemithetho ebusika.
Ukunaka! Manje njengoba konke sekwaziwa ngokufakelwa kwama-irises ehlobo kuya kwenye indawo, futhi nangezici zokunakekelwa kwazo nokutshala, kusalokhu kuphela ukuthola izinqubo zalezi zitshalo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ujabulele nokuqhakaza kwazo ezweni lakubo.