I-Aspidistra luhlobo lwezitshalo zomndeni we-asparagus, ezinezinhlobo eziyi-8. Kubhekiswa ekuhlelekeni kwe-asparagus, ikilasi le-monocotyledonous. Lesi sitshalo esinotshani obungenamkhawulo esincishwe isiga esinezimpande ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokuphakama kwamaqabunga angaba ngu-55 cm. Esimweni sendawo engaphakathi endlini, kusakazeke i-aspidistra ephezulu. Kukhula kancane.
Incazelo
I-Aspidistra ingeyamasiko akudala kakhulu. Izwe lakubo yindawo eshisayo yase-East Asia. Emibhalweni esetshenziselwa inkathi ye-Wei, izincazelo zesitshalo ziyatholakala. Prefers pre-shaded izindawo. Ukuvela kwesikhathi eside kwanikeza isiko ukukhuthazela okuthe xaxa, kuhlanganiswa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuphezulu, lapho i-aspidistra kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa imbali yensimbi. Le ntokazi yensimbi inelinye igama - "pointer of izinyoka" ("pointer of a asp", - "imbali", ekhombisa inyoka enwabuzelayo). Ngaphansi kwalesi sidlaliso, kwaziwa ngumphakathi jikelele ngenxa yekhono lamaqabunga ukuswayipha lapho kuhlangana nezidumbu zezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Elinye igama - "Umndeni onobungane", ngenxa yezithombo ezithuthukisiwe zezimpande. 
Aspidistra
Ngokombono wesayensi, "amaqabunga amakhulu" empeleni angamampunge. "AmaLeal Real" afana nezikali futhi ayadingeka yi-aspidistra ukuqinisekisa ukuhluma kwamahlumela.
Ukuqhakaza ezindlini kuyinto engamakhosi. Izimbali ezine-peduncle emfushane kakhulu zitholakala ku-rhizome, cishe emhlabathini, futhi azifanekiseli inani lokuhlobisa. Qhakaza kuphela ngosuku olulodwa. Endle - ngesikhathi semvula enkulu - ngoJanuwari-Mashi. Ezimweni zasekamelweni, i-aspidistra ingajabulisa ngezimbali ebusika, entwasahlobo noma ehlobo.
Ama-master florists ajwayele ukusebenzisa i-aspidistra lapho eqamba izingcezwana zomshado. Kumaqabunga awo abanzi futhi ahlobisa, ahlala ekhanga isikhathi eside, izitshalo eziqhakaza kakhulu ezingakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokuluhlaza kwazo ziyagoqwa. Izingoma ze-Bouquet zisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izingubo zomakoti, izithombe zamaholide, kanye namahholo ezindawo zokwamukelwa ezikhethekile. Izimbambo ezikhethekile zezindwangu zokulingisa ezilingisa ukuthungwa kwamashidi we-aspidistra ziyathandwa.
Amanani ayabiza. Isibonelo, intengo ye-Elidior aspidistra isebangeni lama-ruble ayi-2000 kuya ku-500.
Izinhlobo zokutshala ngaphakathi
Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuba khona kwe-aspidistra ingaphakathi ekhaya kuyinto enhle, ngoba lesi sitshalo sinezela ukumelana nohlamvu, kuvikela umnikazi waso ekuhlebeni futhi kusize ukumelana nezilingo ezilimazayo. Njengomthi wesundu we-asaya, i-spathiphyllum noma i-dieffenbachia ithwala amandla amahle kakhulu.
Endle, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-90-100 ze-aspidistra.
Ngokutshala ngaphakathi, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zisakazekile:
| Buka igama | Izici ze-Leaf | Okuvamile |
| Iphakeme, i-Elator | Umbala omnyama ocwebezelayo obukhulu obukhulu, akha umqhele omnyama ofana nempophoma. Esimweni kufana namaqabunga omnduze wesigodi 50 kuya ku-15 cm. | Isigaxa esinezinyoka. Izimbali zi-brown-raspberry noma brown-aphuzi. I-berry iqukethe imbewu eyodwa kuphela. |
| I-Variegata | Ingaphezulu limbozwe imicu emide yobude obude obuhlukahlukene. | Ihlathi elincane alikho ngaphezu kwama-50 cm.Dinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. |
| Indlela kaMilky | Uhlaza omkhulu omnyama, ombozwe amachashazi amhlophe namabala ngaphandle kokubukeka okucacile. | Lokhu kungenye yezinketho ezidume kakhulu ze-inclidistra ye-mosagated (mosagated). Ukumelana nesomiso namazinga okushisa aphansi. Izimbali zenzeka ngasekupheleni kobusika - intwasahlobo yokuqala. Izimbali ezingashadile. |
| Amanogawa | Pakati kunamachashazi amhlophe, imiphetho ithweswe umqhele ngemivimbo ephuzi ebanzi. | Ithathwe ku-Milky Way aspidistra. |
| I-Fuji noayini ("I-Snow cap") | Ibanzi, iluhlaza okotshani obumnyama, enemithende elula ezinhlangothini. Ingaphezulu lihlotshiswe "ngesigqoko" esimhlophe, ngokusho kwabahwebi baseJapan, esifana nesiqongqo sentaba edume ngokuthi yi "Fuji". | Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu. Amathiphu amhlophe avela kuphela kwisitshalo esidala. |
| Ukuhlangana kweGinga | Okukhulu, okunendawo. | Izinhlobonhlobo zothando kakhulu. Ukumelana neqhwa. Ingamelana namazinga okushisa aze afike ku-10 ° C. |
| I-Broadleaf | Inemishayo emide ebanzi emhlophe. | Isiko elinobumnene. Liqhakaza kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMashi. |
| Isando esiphuzi (Isando ophuzi) | Ama-greens ahlotshiswe ngobuningi bezindawo ezinokhilimu ophuzi. | Lokhu ukubukeka okumibalabala kakhulu. |
| Oblanceolia | Kancani okuluhlaza, ububanzi abudluli ku-3 cm. | Isitshalo asiside, asifinyeleli ku-60 cm. Siqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Izimbali zincanyana, zibomvu. |
| INagano Star | Ihlotshiswe ngezinkanyezi ezincane ezinamabala aluhlaza. | Uthole udumo ngokwazi ukuqhakaza. Iqhakaza ngokukhanya futhi ngobuningi, izimbali zibomvu. Isikhathi esijwayelekile singoFebhuwari. |
| Spiderman | Kancane, ngaphandle kwamabala. | Ngokubonakala kwayo konke kufana nesicabucabu. Ama-petioles angama-cobwebs, nezimbali ezimbubende zibukeka njengabamele ama-arachnids. |
| Isifutho esikhulu | Isici ukuba khona kwezindawo ezinkulu eziluhlaza ophuzi. | Izelwe eTaiwan. |
| Umqhele omhlophe qhwa | Luhlaza omude omnyama, onemigqa ebanzi emhlophe | Iphethini ivela ngonyaka we-3 wokuphila. |
| Ilanga lasekuseni | Njengokungathi “ubopheleleke” ngemisebe emincane kokhilimu. | Izitshalo zokuhlobisa zanda kanye nobudala. Kudingeka imbiza enkulu ukuze ikhule. |
| ISichuan | Luhlaza okotshani. | Iqhakaza kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya kuMashi. I-inflorescences ifana nensimbi yezinsimbi ezi-6. |
| IGuanjou | Luhlaza okotshani onamabala aphuzi afike ku-20 cm ubude. | Iqhakaza ngoMeyi. I-efihlekile ingumbala onsomi noma onsomi. |
| Izimbali ezinkulu | I-Smooth, ellipsoidal enezindawo eziphikisayo. | Izimbali zingububende. Blooms maphakathi nohlobo, kuyaqabukela. Ububanzi bentyatyambo evulekile bungaba ngu-5 cm. |
| Qondisa | Buyisa ukwakheka kwe-ovoid, okuluhlaza okotshani okufakwe ngaphakathi. | Isilo siyabuna. Akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kungavela imbali encane onsomi (3 cm) onsomi. |
Ukunakekelwa kwegumbi
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kufaka ukulandela imithetho embalwa elula:
- Indawo enhle kakhulu ingemuva kwekamelo.
- Ukushisa okwamukelekayo - + 18 ... + 25 ° С.
- I-Aspidistra ayithandi okusalungiswa.
- Amacembe aqothulayo futhi mnyama mnyama akhombisa i-hypothermia noma ukuguquguquka okubukhali kokushisa komoya.
- Isitshalo akubekezeleli ukoma kanye nomswakama okweqile. Kukholelwa ukuthi "kungcono ukugcwaliswa kunokugcwaliswa kunokugcwaliswa."
- Kufanele iniselwe njalo usebenzisa amanzi athambile (ngokuqukethwe okuncishisiwe kwe-chlorine ne-calcium ion).
- Iwusizo ukufafaza ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Izintuli kufanele zisuswe ngendwangu ethambile noma isiponji.
- Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokudla siphakathi kuka-Ephreli no-Okthoba. Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi we-Universal usuzibonakalise kahle.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo zesizini
| Isikhathi | Indawo / Ukukhanyisa / Ukuhumusha | Ukushisa / Ukunisela | Ukugqoka okuphezulu |
| Ubusika | Ilungisa isithunzi, izizwa ikude namafasitela, kangcono ukusuka enyakatho. Uma kuvela ukukhanya kumakhasi, khona-ke isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya kwelanga, izinga lokukhanya lidinga ukukhushulwa. Sula amaqabunga njengoba eba ngcolile. Ukufafaza okungu-1 ngesonto. | + 16 ° C. Kanye ngesonto. | Akukhiqizwanga. |
| Ntwasahlobo | + 18 ° C. Isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku eziyi-6. | Kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Ukusuka esikhathini esingu-1 kumaviki angama-2-3 kuya esikhathini esi-1 kumaviki angama-6. Umanyolo wamaminerali onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen uyasetshenziswa. | |
| Ihlobo | + 20 ° С ... + 22 ° С. Isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku ezi-5. | ||
| Ukuwa | + 18 ° C. Isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku eziyi-6. | Akukhiqizwanga. |
Ukukhetha ibhodwe, inhlabathi, ukutshala, ukufakelwa
I-Aspidistra ithanda inhlabathi ekhanyayo, evundile, enenhlabathi encane noma engathathi hlangothi. Inhlabathi eyinqumayo ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-peat inezakhiwo ezinjalo. Ukwakheka okuhle kwenhlabathi kungenziwa ngokuzimela ngokuxuba isihlabathi somfula, i-turf, inhlabathi eshidi kanye nomquba wobulongwe ngokwesilinganiso sika-1: 2: 2: 2.
Ngenxa yokuthi isitshalo asikubekezeleli ukufakelwa, njengoba sinezimpande ezintekenteke, kunconywa ukusenza kuphela uma kunesidingo. Lapho imbiza yesitshalo iba ncane. Isikhathi esinconyiwe maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Kungcono ukufakelwa izitshalo ezincane kuphela, ngaphandle kokucacisa izimpande zenhlabathi endala. Iphothiji entsha yezimbali kufanele ibe amahora angama-4-5 ngaphambi kobubanzi obudala. Kungcono ukufakelwa okungekho ngaphezulu kwesisodwa njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-4, ubeka ungqimba olungenamanzi ngaphansi.
Ukufakelwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kubukeka kanjena:
- Ingqimba yenhlabathi ithululelwa ebhodweni ukuze kukhishwe amanzi.
- Ukuze ugweme ukulimala ezimpandeni, lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa ngokudluliselwa, akunconywa ukuba uchithe inhlama yobumba.
- Ngemuva kokuba imbali imbozwe ngenhlabathi. Izimpande ezilimele ngengozi zifafazwa ngamalahle.
- Izimpande akufanele zijule, intamo yezimpande kufanele ishiywe ngaphezulu.
Kungcono ukubeka ibhodwe nesitshalo esitobhini, hhayi phezulu kakhulu, ukuvimbela ukupholisa komhlaba nezimpande. Kwesinye isikhathi amabhasikidi enziwa ngalezi zinhloso.
Izihlahla
Isitshalo sidinga ukugawulwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwamaqabunga amadala nawonakalisiwe ukuze kuvikeleke izifo futhi zihlale zinempilo. Amaqabunga anqunywa esikhumulweni sezimbali uqobo.
Ukugaya kuthuthukisa isimo sonke se-aspidistra, kugcina ukuheha kwayo futhi kushukumise ukukhula kwamaqabunga amasha.
Ukuzala
I-Aspidistra isatshalaliswa ngembewu, ukuhlukanisa isihlahla nangamaqabunga:
- Izimbali ezincane ezingena ngesimo sezinsimbi ezipinki noma ezimpunga zitholakala zingaphezu komhlaba. Ububanzi babo abudluli ku-2,5 cm. Ngemuva kokuvundelwa, kwakheka izithelo eziyindilinga, okuthi ngemuva kokuvuthwa okugcwele, zinikeze imbewu. Imbewu ingasetshenziselwa ukukhula kwesitshalo okwalandela. I-Aspidista nalokhu okuhlukahlukene kokuzala kuzokhula iminyaka eminingi. Indlela esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezintsha.
- Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla kuyindlela elula kunazo zonke yokuzala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngoMashi, i-rhizome isikwa ibe yizicucwana ngokuhlehla, inamaqabunga ama-3-5 kuphuma ngakunye. Ukuze ugweme ukubola, lezi zingxenye zifafazwa ngamalahle, bese zitshalwa emabhodweni amancanyana, anconyelwe ukuthi ziniselwe ngokulinganiselwe emazingeni okushisa ayi-18- + 20 ° С ngeviki lokuqala. Isihlahla esinamaqabunga angaphansi kwama-8 asivunyelwe ukusabalalisa ngokwahlukana.
- Ukuze usebenzise iqabunga njengendlela yokusabalalisa, kufanele kunqunywe ngokususa isiqu ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa ezisekelweni. Isisekelo sepuleti leshidi libekwe embizeni yamanzi, embozwe ifilimu futhi ishiywe endaweni efudumele, ekhanyayo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-12-16, izimpande ezimhlophe ziyavela eshidini. Uma kwenzeka eseqalile ukubola, futhi azisekho izimpande, kubalulekile ukusika ingxenye ebolile, esikhundleni samanzi bese uphinda inqubo. Ukuvela kwezimpande kungasheshiswa ngokungeza isishukumisi sokukhula emanzini. Ngemuva kwalokhu, iqabunga lingatshalwa enhlabathini, lisimboze ngengilazi esobala.
Amaphutha ekunakekelweni, izifo, izinambuzane
| Inkinga | Izizathu | Izimpawu | Izixazululo |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Umswakama owengeziwe, kusebenze ukhunta lwe-pathogen. | Ukushiswa nokuphuzi kwamaqabunga. Ukubonakala kwesigqi sezindawo ezinamabala ansundu kanye namabala amhlophe qhwa. | Ukususa izimpande ezinesifo, kuphatha "amanxeba" ngomlotha, kunciphise umbuso wokunisela, usebenzisa ukukhishwa kwenhlabathi. |
| Iwebhu yesicabucabu ebomvu umkhaza | Ukuntuleka komswakama, ukuhlaselwa izinambuzane ezinambuzane. | Ukuxubha kwamaqabunga, ukubonakala kwezindawo ezinobumba futhi emuva kwamaqabunga ama-cobwebs. | Ukufafaza ngeviki ngamanzi anensipho noma ngama-insecticides, amabala angaqoqwa ngesandla (amabala amadala amelana kakhulu nama-insecticides). Khulisa imvamisa yokunisela. |
| Isikali sesundu | Ukuphuzi nokuwa kwamaqabunga, ukubonakala kwezinambuzane ezincane kuzo, kanye namabala ansundu ngakolunye uhlangothi olungaphansi kwemithambo. | ||
| I-chlorosis engatheleleki (ukugula) | Ukunisela ngamanzi asezingeni eliphansi. | Amahlamvu aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi. Umbala oluhlaza ulahlekelwa ukugqama bese uyaphela. I-Leaf turgor iyaphikelela. | Ukuthambisa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi nokunisela ngamanzi ahlanzekile. |
| I-Chlorosis ethelelekayo | Ukwehlulwa kwesitshalo yi-ejenti ethelelekayo. | Swift yellowing amaqabunga. | Lesi sifo aselashwa. Isitshalo siyabhujiswa. |
| Ukushiswa yilanga | Ukuchayeka elangeni eliqondile. | Ukuvela kwamabala ansundu. | Dlulisa izitshalo endaweni enomthunzi. |
| Ukuntuleka kwentuthuko | Ukuntuleka kukamanyolo we-nitrogen. | Ukukhula kancane. | Ukwethulwa komanyolo we-nitrogen enhlabathini. |
| Ukushoda kwamanzi | Umoya omile ngokumelene nesizinda sokushisa okuphezulu ngaphakathi endlini. | Yehlisa i-tenor, ukuncipha kanye nokuphuzi kwamaqabunga, ukomiswa kwezeluleko zazo. | Ukufafaza isitshalo, kuguqula imvamisa yokunisela. Ukuthuthela egumbini elipholile. |
| Ukulahleka kwamaqabunga umbala | Ukuntuleka kokukhanya. | Ukufaka umbala ngamahlamvu, ukulahleka kombala wazo. | Ukwanda kobukhulu bokukhanya okungenamfucu. |
| Umanyolo owengeziwe. | Ukukhetha imanyolo nokuvunda imvamisa. | ||
| Umswakama owengeziwe emhlabathini | Ukuchelela kaningi | Kushiya kumnyama bese kuba yingozi. | Ukususa amanzi ngokweqile epanini, kunciphisa imvamisa yokunisela. |
| Ukuhlasela kwe-aphid | Ukwenza kusebenze inkathazo yezinambuzane. | Ukuqunjelwa kwezinambuzane kuvela emaqabungeni amancane. Amahlamvu alahlekelwa ukwakheka kwawo bese omile ngaphandle. | Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ngama-insecticides, kufaka phakathi amalungiselelo aqukethe i-permethrin. |
| Ukubuka kweqabunga | Ukunisela kaningi, ukutheleleka ngefungus fungus. | Ukuvela kwamabala ansundu emaqabungeni, ezungezwe yi-halo ephuzi. | Ukususa amaqabunga anesifo, ukunciphisa imvamisa yokunisela, ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo we-fungicidal. |
Izici zokwelapha, uhlelo lokusebenza
Inzuzo ngokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo we-aspidistra inqunywa ngokuba khona kwezinto ezi-bioactive ekwakhiweni kwayo. Ama-alkaloids anezinto ezingama-bactericidal, avuselela ukuhamba kwegazi, akhuthaza ukuhanjiswa kabusha kwe-hematomas.
Ama-decoctions asetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-periodontitis, i-tonsillitis, i-cystitis, izifo zesisu. Amaqabunga esitshalo anconyelwa ukuhlafuna nezinsini ezikhipha ukopha. Ijusi liyakwazi ukuyeka ngokushesha ukopha. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwelapha ukulimala noma amanxeba avulekile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi esekwe kuyo, ukuze kugwemeke ukulimaza impilo, kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa udokotela.
