I-Rhododendron ephuzi: deciduous, Pontic azalea

I-Rhododendron aphuzi iyinhlobo eyingqayizivele yokulwa nesithwathwa engadingi zimo ezikhethekile zezimbali eziqhakazayo. Kwanele ukumbeka endaweni efanele, futhi imvelo izokwazi ukubhekana nakho konke okunye.

Umlando wokuvela

Kwisiko kwavela mude ngo-1792 - kungale nkathi eNgilandi lapho kuqale khona inzalo yesitshalo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, isikhungo se-hybridization sathuthela eBelgium futhi izinhlobo eziningi ze-rhododendron ephuzi zavela lapho.

Rhododendron ophuzi

Igama elithi "Pontus" ngolimi lwamaGrikhi asendulo lisho uLwandle Olumnyama, kuthi i-Azalea Pontica lisho "uLwandle Olumnyama". Kepha leli gama alizange liphume, okokuqala, ngoba indawo yokusatshalaliswa inkulu kakhulu futhi ithatha ingxenye yeYurophu. Okwesibili, ngoba igama elifanayo selivele selithathiwe olunye uhlobo lwezinhlobo - i-Pontic rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum), ehlobo ehlanganiswa ngezimbali ezibubende.

Incazelo yeBotanical

Ukuphakama okukhulu kwesihlahla kungamamitha ama-4, noma ngokwesilinganiso ekhaya likhula laya ku-2. I-yellow deciduous rhododendron iyakhula ngenkuthalo ngobubanzi futhi ingafinyelela ububanzi bamamitha ayi-6.

Incazelo yamahlumela nezimbali:

• amahlumela wesihlahla somhluzi osemusha yi-glandular-shaggy, kamuva bushelelezi;
• amaqabunga athambile, afinyelela ku-12 ngobude nangu-1 kuya ku-8 cm ububanzi;
• ubude be-petiole 7 mm;
• Izimbali ezi-7-12 ezinhle zabuthwa ku-inflorescence;
• inflorescence - ichopho elakhiwe ngesambulela elinobubanzi obungafika ku-5 cm;
• umbala wamaphalishi uphuzi noma owolintshi.

Isikhathi sezimbali sihambelana nokuvela kwamaqabunga amasha futhi kudlula ngezigaba eziningana. Izindatshana ngazinye ziqala ukuqhakaza ngo-Ephreli, noma kunjalo, ukuqhakaza okukhulu kwenzeka ngoJuni. Izithelo ziqala ukuvela ngo-Okthoba, ukusebenza kahle kwembewu kuyinto> 80%. Yize lesi sitshalo sinokuphikisana kakhulu nesithwathwa, amahlumela wonyaka nezimbali zingaqhakaza, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amagatsha anezithelo ezigcwele nawo ayahlupheka.

Okufanayo ngesimo sezimbali, kepha kupinki ngombala, kuqhakaza ezinhlobonhlobo zeRaimund.

I-Rhododendron Gloing Ambers Show

Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nemvelo

Ngingayitholaphi i-rhododendron ephuzi ngokwemvelo:

• IMpumalanga neNingizimu mpumalanga yeYurophu;
• i-Transcaucasia yasentshonalanga nasempumalanga;
• I-Ciscaucasia;
• I-Asia Minor
• I-Caucasus

IShrub ithanda umhlabathi ompofu, omhlaba kahle. Ikhula kahle emahlathini omile, imisele, imiphetho yamahlathi, ezindaweni ezivulekile. Ungayithola emathafeni nasezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-0 kuye kwangama-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Uyini umehluko kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo ze-rhododendron

Kuyaziwa ukuthi bonke abameleli bohlobo Rhododendron bakhula kuphela enhlabathini ene-acidic. Ukwakheka okuhle kwenhlabathi kuthinta ukuqhakaza nokusebenza kwesitshalo sisonke. Kepha lokhu akusebenzi ku-Pontic azalea. Ukhule cishe kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, ngisho nokushoda kakhulu, okungathinti ukubukeka kwawo.

Enye into ebalulekile ehlukanisayo yalesi sitshalo amandla okusakaza ngezimpande zezimpande, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezisele zisakazwa ngokusika noma ukubekelwa izingqimba.

Isici esibalulekile sezinhlobo ubuthi baso. I-androgenedotoxin, eyingozi kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, itholakala engxenyeni yomhlaba kanye nasezimpandeni.

Sisetshenziswa kanjani lesi sitshalo empilweni?

I-Rhododendron iyazibekezelela izinguquko zesimo sezulu kanye nezikhathi ezomile, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi uyitshale emigwaqweni nasegcekeni ledolobha.

I-azalea ye-pontic ibukeka ilungile yodwa futhi ngamaqembu wezingcezu eziningana, okuholela emathangeni amakhulu. Ukwakheka okunjalo kuzobukeka kukuhle maphakathi notshani noma eceleni kweqembu elinamatshe.

Umbala ophuzi uhambe kahle nanoma yikuphi okunye, ngakho-ke kungatshalwa ngokuphepha nezinye izinhlobo zama-azaleas ezitholakalayo esifundeni. Kuyathandwa ukutshala izihlahlana eziseduze kwamaConifers, anjenge-thuja noma i-juniper.

Izimo Zokukhula Kwe-Rhododendron

Ukukhula okusheshayo nokuqhakaza kwe-Rhododendron, vele ukhethe indawo efanele ukutshala. Lesi sitshalo esinezithombe ezinhle kakhulu esivumela umthunzi othile, kepha hhayi ukungabi yilanga ngokuphelele.

I-Posh azalea inflorescences

Uma intwasahlobo nehlobo bezingamdalanga, kanti nenani lezulu lilingana nalokhu okujwayelekile, isitshalo asidingi ukuthambisa okwengeziwe. Uma kungekho mvula, kunconywa ukunisela i-azalea kanye ngesonto. ngasikhathi sinye udinga ukwenza lokhu kusihlwa.

Kabili ngenyanga, isihlahla singondliwa. Lokhu kwenziwa lapho lesi sitshalo siqala ukuqhakaza, okusho ukuthi, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Umanyolo wamaminerali ne-nitrogen ngenye indlela.

Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa njengomanyolo wemvelo:

• amagobolondo e-criferous echobozekile kanye sawdust;
• udoti wokuqina;
• ukuphakama okuphezulu;
• umhlaba we-heather (inhlabathi evela emahlathini ama-coniferous lapho kukhula khona ama-heather amaningi).

Kulula ukufaka umanyolo onjalo nge-mulching.

Ukukhetha nokuklanywa kwendawo ebanjwayo

Isihlalo senziwe ngokujulile, kepha sibanzi, ngenxa yekhono lesihlahlana sokugunda. Inketho enhle ukujula kwama-30 cm, ububanzi obuyi-2,5 m.

Ukufakelwa endaweni ephansi noma izindawo lapho amanzi asemhlabeni agelezela khona akuvunyelwe. Akufanele kube nokubhaliwe esizeni.

Ngaphambi kokutshala, kwanele ukusula indawo yokhula. Isendlalelo esilungiselelwe kwangaphambili sibekwe emgodini wokufika. Uma kungekho izikhala, kwanele ukufaka ubumba noma i-peat ukuze ugcine umswakama.

Ukufakelwa

Ngokwesimo, i-rhododendron ephuzi ivumelanisa nayo yonke inhlabathi, ngakho-ke, ingatshalwa nakweyiphi ingxenye yesakhiwo sendawo engadini. Kepha uma ungayilungiselela ukwakheka okukhethekile komhlaba, isitshalo siyozizwa singcono.

Amaresiphi okuzilungiselela kokuxubana kwenhlabathi:

• umhlaba wefudu, isihlabathi, ukucwilisa ngokwesilinganiso 1: 1: 2;
• ishidi lomhlabathi, isihlabathi, udaka - 1: 1: 2;
• umhlaba we-heather, isihlabathi, i-peat - 1: 1: 2.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

I-Azalea yisitshalo esilwa nezifo, kepha uma singanakekelwa ngendlela efanele, nayo ingahlupheka.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu nge-rhododendron:

• Ukuntuleka kokuqhakaza. Kubonwa ngohlobo lomhlabathi olukhethwe kahle, ukuntuleka kokunisela noma umanyolo, lapho utshala ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo.
• I-Phytophthora. Izibonakalisa ngesimo se-yellowing nokuqhubeka kokuwa kwamaqabunga, ukubola kwezimpande kungenzeka. Izidakamizwa ze-antifungal ne-sulfate yethusi zingabhekana nefomu lesifo elithambile. Amabhasi athinteka kakhulu ayimbiwa futhi ashiswe.
• Rhododendric cicada. Isinambuzane siyingozi ngekhono lokudlulisela ukhunta kusuka ezitshalweni ezinesifo kulolo olunempilo. I-cicada ibeka amaqanda anegciwane ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, futhi ungabona izimpawu ngesimo sama-buds amnyama entwasahlobo. Kwi-prophylaxis, lesi sitshalo siphathwa nge-fungicides noma i-vitriol, ama-buds asivele ethintekile asuswa ngomshini.
• I-Chlorosis Okokuqala, amathiphu amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, bese ephenduka abe nsundu bese ewa. Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukunakekelwa okungafanele, ngokweqile kobumba emhlabathini noma ukondla isihlahla ngomlotha. Ukubuyisela ibhalansi, i-ferrovit ne-iron chelate kwethulwa emhlabathini.
• Ukuhlaselwa kwamagciwane: ama-thrips, mealybug, imikhaza, ama-weevil. Bangasuswa kuphela ngama-insecticides noma ngesixazululo sensipho. Iminenke kanye nama-slugs aqoqwe ngesandla.

I-Pontic azalea ayihlukaniswa kuphela ngokubukeka kwayo okumangazayo, kodwa futhi nokunakekelwa kwayo okulula. Isimo sendawo, esihlotshiswe ngosizo lwesihlahlana esikhipha iphunga elimnandi eliseningizimu, siyoba uphawu lomnikazi wendawo.