Ama-Irises angumhlobiso ogqamile wemibhede eminingi yezimbali. Phakathi balimi, bayadingeka futhi bayathandwa. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-800. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha kunzima. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zingamaJapane futhi zinentshebe. Irises izitshalo ezihlathini. Kulula kakhulu ukuyinakekela. Ukulima, into esemqoka ukwenza izihlahla emva kokuqhakaza izimbali nokufakelwa ngesikhathi. Imvamisa, izimbali zihlangabezana nezinhlobo eziningana zokucutshungulwa. Yini okufanele yenziwe ngemuva kokuqhakaza isiko? Ungayinakekela kanjani ngokuzayo? Imininingwane engaphezulu ngezansi esihlokweni.
Irises izimbali ezinhle kakhulu. Bahlobisa imibhede yezimbali, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye badinga ukuqhakaza ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Isibonelo, izimbali neziqu kufanele zisuswe. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqaphele mayelana nokuthena amahlamvu ukuze ungalimazi izimpande.
U-Irises
Ukususa izimbali ngazinye, iziqu namahlamvu
Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo nehlobo, irises kufanele ithenwe. Ukususa izingxenye ezomile zezitshalo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile engadini. Isibonelo, ukuthena izithungo noma isikhafu esinamahlamvu abukhali. Ngenxa yokuthena osezingeni eliphansi, lesi sitshalo singalimala kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze ususe izimbali ezonakele, udinga ukunquma izinyawo. Ngokuthe xaxa: sika isithako nesihlahla. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukubuyela emuva ngo-2 cm kusuka kwi-bud ekhethiwe. Lapho isiqu sesiphelile ngokuphelele, kufanele sisikwe endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha amabili ukusuka emhlabathini. Amabhasi wezimbali ezomile kufanele ahlolwe kanye ngesonto. Lokhu sekwanele.
Kubalulekile! Ama-buds angaphuki awakwazi ukusikwa.
Okulandelayo kuphakama umbuzo wokususwa kwamaqabunga. Akufanele zisuswe. Ziqongelela futhi ziqhube izakhi zomzimba, kanye namandla elanga ezimpandeni. Lokhu kuzoba wusizo ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ebusika. Ikakhulu, amaqabunga afaka isandla engadini yemibhede yezimbali, adlala indima yomhlobiso. Okuhlukile kuyizingxenye eziphuzi nezomisiwe. Udinga ukubasusa.
Njengoba wazi, abaningi bazala ama-irises ngokuhlukanisa ama-rhizomes. Le akuyona ukuphela kwendlela. Isithombo asithandwa kangako. Lapho izimbali seziqedi, udinga ukukhetha ihlumela elilodwa bese ulinda. Ukuze uvuthwe, isikhathi kubalulekile.
Imbewu
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu nokumila
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ukuvuthwa kuqediwe. Okulandelayo, akufanele ungayinaki inqubo yokuvula i-ovule. Thatha imbewu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi sitshalo siyovele siyilahle ngokwayo.
Nakani! Imvamisa, i-iris, leyakhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, ayinazo zonke izici zabazali. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi umbala we-petals uzohluka.
Umthetho oyinhloko lapho imbewu ihluma igcina amazinga okushisa. Kufanele kube okulingeneyo. Indawo lapho amahlumela esikhathi esizayo etholakala khona ayomile. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kungcono ukugcina imbewu kubanda, bese ucwilisa izinsuku ezimbili emanzini.
Izimbali ezinjenge irises zidinga ukunakekelwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Ngokugcinwa kwayo njalo, izimbali zezimbali zizokujabulisa iso ngempela. Omunye wemibuzo edumile yinqubo yokwakha irises. Kuyadingeka? Kukangaki? Kunjani? Nini?
Ngabe ngidinga ukunciphisa ukukhohlisa okuphelele
U-Irises usehambile, ukuthi enzeni ngokulandelayo, empeleni bambalwa abantu abaziyo.
Yize kunjalo, lo ngumbuzo ojwayelekile ohlukumeza abalimi. Impendulo ilula: udinga ukunciphisa isitshalo. Isizathu salokhu ukuvuthwa kwezimbewu, eziqala ukubuna ngokushesha. Inqubo ibizwa nge-self-seeding. Uma le nto ayilawulwa, khona-ke uzungu luzophela ngokushesha ngemibala. Ngemuva kwalokho bonke ubuhle buzolahlekelwa buphawu.
Kubalulekile! Kunconywa futhi ukusika ama-buds owomile futhi abuthuntu. Bavele bonakalise ukubukeka okuhle kwe-flowerbed. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basebenzisa inani elithile lamandla.
Amaqabunga e-Iris ayingxenye ebalulekile yesitshalo. Bafaka amaminerali amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basebenza njengendwangu efundisayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, amandla elanga nomoya-mpilo angena kulesi sitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe abancomi ukusika ehlobo. Ngaphandle kwabo, imbali izohlupheka futhi mhlawumbe iqhume. Isikhathi esihle sokuthena ikwindla, amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kwamaqhwa.
I-Iris izihlahla
Ungawunikeza nini futhi kanjani umhlabathi ekwindla
Vele, futhi udinga ukwazi ukuthi usike nini irises.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola ukuthi isifunda siphi ekwindla ngonyaka othile. Isikhathi sokusika sincike kulokhu. Kaningi inqubo iwela maphakathi - ukuphela kuka-Okthoba.
Lesi yisilinganiso esidingeka isitshalo, ngoba uma kungenziwa, izinambuzane noma izinambuzane zizobeka izibungu namaqanda. Lapho entwasahlobo umbhede wezimbali uzoba sesimweni esibi. Amaqabunga okunciphisa ayelulekwa ngesimo sesigaxa ukuze amanzi angabutheli. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukubukeka kwesikhunta, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqhakaza okuvamile - uhlobo lwesikhunta, okuvezwa ukuqhuma okuluhlaza okotshani.
Ezinye izinhlobo zincoma ukuthena ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kuya ngezimo lapho isitshalo sikhona nezidingo ezikhethekile. Yingakho abaningi benesifiso sokuthi kufanele basike nini irises zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
- Okuxakile. Ukususa amahlamvu phakathi nendawo kukho konke ukukhula. Kunconywa ngo-Agasti.
- I-Bulbous. Kuyadingeka ukususa ngokuphelele amaqabunga.
- I-Rhizome. Ukuncipha kuphela uma kunesidingo, ngokwesibonelo, izingxenye eziphuzi nezomile.
U-Irises uphendula kahle kumanyolo. Ngemuva kokwethulwa kwabo, ziqhakaza ngobuhle obuhle nobukhazimulayo. Ingozi yezifo iyancishiswa. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukukhetha kahle izinto ze-organic ne-inorganic. Isibonelo, lezi zitshalo zisabela kahle kumanyolo we-potash, kanye nakumanyolo we-phosphorus. Kubalulekile ukondla imibhede yezimbali ngesikhathi. Okunyaka kufanelekile ukwenza ukugqoka okungaphezulu okungu-3: 2 entwasahlobo kanye no-1 ekwindla.
Kubalulekile! Yonke imanyolo isetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Izinhlobo zomanyolo zokwenza izimbali eziqhakazayo eziqhakazayo ngonyaka olandelayo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, yiziphi izinhlobo zomanyolo okufanele zethulwe ku-irises, kuya ngenkathi, mayelana nesilinganiso sabo kanye nesidingo sabo.
Umanyolo we-Autumn
Zilethwa emasontweni amathathu ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Kulokhu, imbali isivele isesimweni hibernation. Bese kuba nokukhula kwezimpande ezincane, ngakho-ke ukugqoka okuphezulu ngalesi sikhathi kudingekile.
Umanyolo irises
Ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, imibhede yezimbali ivundiswa ngokwakhiwa kwe-potassium-phosphorus. Qinisekisa ukuthi ubheka isilinganiso 3: 2. Okunye ukugqokwa okuphezulu kuyadingeka futhi: usawoti we-potassium, i-superphosphate, izithasiselo ze-organic. Nge-1 m², i-55 g ye-superphosphate ne-25 g kasawoti kuyadingeka. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ngezilinganiso, uzigcine.
Nakani! Kwenqatshelwe ngokuqinile ukondla ama-irises ngomquba omusha, ngoba lokhu kuzokhuthaza ukubukeka kwesikhunta, amanye amagciwane ayingozi nezifo, ngenxa yalokho imbali ngokuqinisekile ingeke izithole izinto ezidingekayo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-humus ifanelekile. Kuzoba nomthelela omuhle esikweni. Kumele ihlanjululwe kuqala ngamanzi. Ingxenye: 1 kg yomanyolo ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Umanyolo ongenhla ngeke usindise ezinambuzaneni. Kulesi simo, kwanele nje ukufafaza imibhede yezimbali ngoketshezi lweBordeaux. Ngakho-ke bayovikelwa kuze kufike intwasahlobo.
Kubalulekile! Ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela komanyolo kuzosiza ukugwema imiphumela edabukisayo, kufaka phakathi ukulimala kwamagciwane, izinambuzane namagciwane.
Umanyolo wasentwasahlobo
Entwasahlobo, ukukhula okusebenzayo kwenzeka. Ukusheshisa futhi kugcinwe kufanele ukwazisa ngomanyolo.
Ukondliwa kokuqala kwenzeka ngokushesha emva kobusika ngemuva kokuba iqhwa selincibilikile. Kuyadingeka ukufaka umanyolo ofanayo we-potassium-phosphorus kanye ne-nitrogen. Izithasiselo ze-nitrogen zidingeka ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokuqala. Kodwa-ke, anconyelwe ukuthi aphathwe kungakapheli uJulayi. Isidingo sabo ukuthi lesi sitshalo sikhule siqine, sithole amandla, futhi silungiselele kancane kancane ukuzala kabusha. Kepha lapha izindlela ziyehlukahluka futhi zakha u-2: 3: 2,5. Into esemqoka ukuthi kungabi ngokweqile imibhede yezimbali, uma kungenjalo isikhathi sokufakwa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi sizofika - ukukhathala. Ezimbali, lokhu kugcwele nemiphumela.
Ngemininingwane! Umanyolo wePhosphate unendawo lapho umhlabathi ungashiswa kahle ngokwanele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lokhu kuzoholela ekubekweni kwezinto, futhi ngokuzayo - ukufaka ubuthi emhlabathini notshani.
Ukuvikela okhethekile ezinambuzaneni nakwezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi, abalimi batusa ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ngomlotha wokhuni. Ukusetshenziswa 2 2 tbsp. nezinkezo on imbali.
Iris rhizomes
Kulezi zitshalo, ukuhlala kahle kanye nokwahlukanisa kubalulekile. Kepha ukufakelwa kudingelwa yiphi injongo? Lezi zimbali zingakhula ngokuthula endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engama-4-5. Ngemuva kwaloko timphandze tikhula kakhulu kangangekutsi tiyagcwala emhlabatsi. Imibhede yezimbali iqala ukubuna, icishe ingabi ukuqhakaza. Kukhona ukushoda okubukhali kwamaminerali kanye nezakhi zomzimba. Vele, kunezitshalo ezingakhula zize zifike eminyakeni eyi-10 endaweni eyodwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi irises yaseSiberia. Kodwa noma kunjalo, iningi alishintshiwe ezimweni ezinjalo, ngakho-ke, ukufakelwa kudlala indima ebalulekile kwi-iris.
Ukufakelwa kwama-irises ekwindla
Enye yezindlela ezisheshayo ukudlulisela ngenqwaba yemihlaba, kepha kukhona eminye imiqondo lapha. Ukusebenza okunjalo kuzokwenzeka ngezimbali ezisencane kuphela, ngoba izimpande zazo zingakabi nesikhathi sokukhula.
Ngemininingwane! Kepha ngezitshalo ezinkulu lobu buqili ngeke busebenze, ungavele ulimaze izimpande lapho ugaya. Ukuze ungahlangani nenkinga enjalo, kunconywa ukuhlola uhlelo lwempande kusengaphambili.
Ukufakwa kwezimpande kwesinyathelo-ngesinyathelo:
- Khipha isihlahla ngokuphelele, ngenkathi ukukwenza ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlelo lwezimpande.
- Sula izimpande zesihlahla emhlabathini. Bese uyihlukanisa kancane kube izingcezu ezinkulu.
- Kusetshenziswa amathuluzi abukhali akhethekile wokuqhubeka nokuhlukanisa izimpande (kufinyelela kusixhumanisi esisodwa noma ezimbili ezifakiwe).
- Izingxenye zakudala noma ezibolile ze-rhizome kufanele zinqunywe.
- Cwilisa kahle izimpande ezimnyama (njengendawo yokugcina esikiwe).
- Bamba izingxenye zokugcina zehlahla ku-fungicide. Lesi sixazululo siyakwazi ukususa ingaphezulu kwezifo.
- Sika amaqabunga (afinyelela kubude obuyi-15 cm). Ngokuncono ngesimo fan.
- Dlulisa isitshalo singene emhlabathini.
Irises ekwindla
Lokho akupheleli. Abalimi batusa ukujwayelana nezici zokutshala izimpande:
- Sula izimpande eziphathisiwe. Kuyaphawuleka izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokwehla.
- Ungafaka lokhu kusiko masinyane ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Akuncike esikhathini sonyaka. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ehlobo nenyanga yokuqala yekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpande zivame ukuqina.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izimbali ezifana ne-irises zilungele inhlabathi equkethe ubumba oluncane nesihlabathi (loam). U-Clay umswakama kahle ukwakheka, futhi isihlabathi sisiza futhi singeze ukuthamba. Ukwengeza ukukhanya, ukwengeza i-peat nakho kufanelekile.
Kepha ngokuqondene nendawo, kunconyelwa ukuba ufike ohlangothini olukhanyiswe kahle futhi olufudumele. U-Irises akafuni mthunzi.
Kubalulekile! U-Irises uzozizwa emnandi engadini, esizeni, kepha lapha ngeke athathe izimpande endlini yedolobha. Izimo ezihluke kakhulu.
Lapho kwehla, kufanele kulungiselelwe isiza. U-Irises kufanele atshalwe endaweni ephakeme encane. Azikwazi ukutshalwa emigodini. Umphetho we-rhizome kufanele uphume ngo-5 mm. Benza lokhu ukuze kufudumele ngokuphelele futhi kungaboli. Lesi isihluthulelo sezinso ezinempilo ngokuzayo.
Ukulungiselela ukutshala i-iris emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngemuva kokufunda okungenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi iningi irises litshalwa kabusha ngasehlobo. Ungayilungisa kanjani inhlabathi esizayo kanye nembali ngokwayo?
Imbali kufanele igawulwe ngokucophelela. Njengoba kushiwo, kanye ngesonto.
Kubalulekile! Inyanga ngaphambi kokufakelwa, kuyadingeka ukuyeka ukondla.
Umanyolo kufanele ungeniswe kancane enhlabathini. Isibonelo, umlotha (izingilazi ezi-2), ibhakede le-humus, i-superphosphate (cishe isigamu seglasi) nebhakede lesihlabathi. Ngokulandelayo, bamba konke phezulu. Amanzi ngezikhathi ezithile. Inhlabathi enjalo izosebenza njengesisekelo esihle embhedeni omusha wezimbali we-irises.
Inhlabathi ye-iris
Ukulungiswa kwemigodi ye-irises
Isidingo sokumba umgodi. Umgodi kufanele ukhululeke, ukhule kancane kune-rhizome. Ngemuva kokuthulula isihlabathi esincane ezansi. Faka isitshalo ngaphakathi. Sakaza izimpande ngokucophelela.
Phakathi kwezihlahla udinga ukubona ibanga. Kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-30 cm. Ngokufanelekile, amasentimitha angama-50. Ngakho-ke, izimbali nakanjani ngeke ziphazamisane. Ngemuva kwalokho i-flowerbed kufanele iphakanyiswe kancane. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ama-irises alulekwa ukuthi akhule emaphethelweni.
Kuyadingeka ukumba umbhede obubanzi obuyi-80 cm. Kuyavunyelwa nokumba okumbalwa, kepha qaphela ibanga phakathi kwawo. Okulandelayo, thatha i-rake bese wenza isilayidi eside ngesibaya esincane phakathi. Bese uthele amanzi, ake ume bese uthambile.
Okulandelayo, udinga ukubala isikhathi lapho izimbali zizosebenzisa khona emakhunjini. Uma kuyiminyaka engu-1-2, ungashiya isikhala phakathi kwezitshalo ezingamasentimitha angama-20-25. Uma uhlela isikhathi eside, ibanga liyanda. Njengoba ama-irises azodinga indawo enkulu ngokukhula kwezimpande.
Amaphethini wokufakelwa
Manje kunezinhlelo eziningi zokufika. Nazi kuphela ezifanele kakhulu i-irises. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka izici zesakhiwo sabo, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukukhula kwawo kwenzeka ngobubanzi.
- "Chess". Okushiwo yizihlalo ukuthi udinga ukutshala izimbali ngokuhlukile, ulondoloze ibanga elingu-40-50 cm.
- "Ngemuva". Isici esiyinhloko ukuthi zonke izimbali zitshalwe endaweni eyodwa, zenza iphethini enhle enamaqabunga. Ibanga ngu-30-45 cm.
- "Embuthanweni." Izitshalo zitshalwa nxazonke. Ibanga elidingekayo lingama-30 cm kuphela (ubukhulu).
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunakwa okufanele, ama-irises angenza ukwakheka okungafani naluhlu lwembali. Babukeka begqamile futhi kulula.
Nakani! Ngephethini efanele, ukutshala kuxubana kahle nama-poppies, iminduze, izihlahla zemihlobiso nezihlahla zomhlobiso. I-Cottage ngokungangabazeki izoguqulwa lapho ikhona.
Ngale nqubo, udinga ukumba umgodi ongashonile. Thela isihlabathi esincane. Kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ukukhanya kwenhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho faka isitshalo sibheke phezulu, usifafaza ngomhlaba. Ngemuva kokunisela kancane. Emavikini amabili alandelayo, nisela kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezine. Inqubo yokubola akufanele ivunyelwe ngenxa yomswakama owedlulele.
Ngemuva kokumiselela njalo ngeminyaka emi-5. Gcoba kathathu ngonyaka.
Izitshalo ezitshaliwe kufanele zibe nge-spud ngesendlalelo se-peat noma umhlaba ojwayelekile. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela emazingeni okushisa angama-4-5 ° C ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo ikakhulukazi ebusika noma ebusika obungenayo iqhwa, kuyadingeka ukumboza imibhede yezimbali. Isibonelo, amagatsha noma amaqabunga ama-spruce omile afanele.
Into esemqoka ukuvula umoya omusha entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, lapho izitshalo zingena esigabeni esisebenzayo sokukhula.
Ngakho-ke, lolu siko alusilo olwenziwe ngomlomo, aludingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kodwa-ke, ukuze imbali yezimbali ibe mihle ngokwengeziwe, eminye imithetho kufanele ibonwe. Lapho-ke izimbali ziyojabulisa iso lomgcini wengadi kaningi.
