Ukutshala iGladioli nokukhula

IGladiolus, uma kungenjalo ibizwa ngokuthi i-fennel, isitshalo se-bulbni se-perennial esimila etshalwe eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Ezinye izinhlobo zivela eSiberia. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwamahlamvu, izimbali zibizwa nge- "Gladius", elihunyushwe lisuka esiLatini ngokuthi "inkemba".

Izici ze-gladiolus

Eyokuqala yama-tuber efihla ihluma. I-Flat, ikhombe phezulu, bayavala, bengeza uzinzo ku-peduncle. Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza esiqwini esingaqondile, esinganqunyelwe. Ukusuka kunhlamvu endala, kungavela ama-peduncle angama-2-3. I-inflorescence imise okomhlaba, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, munye, zinhlangothi zombili noma zinomzimba omile. Ekuphakameni, ingadi gladioli yezinye izinhlobo ingafinyelela ku-2 m.

Imbewu ye-gladioli ivuthwa ebhokisini le-tricuspid.

UGladioli: ufika phezu kwesihlahla sezimbali

Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-gladioli

Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-5000 ezikhona zegadi gladioli engadini ezivuselelwa njalo ngonyaka ngezinhlobo ezintsha. Uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwamazwe omhlaba lunikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo.

Ngokusho kobubanzi bezimbali, i-gladioli ihlukaniswe yaba:

• i-miniature (kufika ku-6.5 cm);
• amancane (6.5-9 cm);
• phakathi nendawo ((9-11.5 cm);
• enkulu - (11.5-14 cm);
• umdondoshiya - (ngaphezulu kuka-14 cm).

Ukuzulazula ukuthi ungatshala kanjani i-gladiolus ngesikhathi sezimbali, izinhlobo zahlukaniswa zaba:

• ekuqaleni kuka (June)
• phakathi (Julayi),
• sekwephuzile (Agasti - Septhemba).

IGladioli ingathatha isimo se:

• ifulethi alinayo imigwaqo;
• okhubazekile;
• onobuthi obukhulu.

Ububanzi bemibala yezinhlobonhlobo buyehluka kakhulu:

• i-pink kanye nemithunzi yayo icishe ibe yingxenye yesithathu yezinhlobo (i-Innosens, Pink and Spen, Memela, i-Rose Spire);
• mhlophe (Ave Maria, Apostle Peter, Baltays Rits);
• obomvu (uRobin, uMelody, uGeorgette);
• i-salmon orange (i-Serafin, i-Freezel Coral Leys, i-Airlie Highlight);
• ophuzi (uLeonora, uJoyce);
• lilac (Costa, Lavender Masterpis, Vera, Lynn, Elizabeth the Quinn, Imposant);
• onsomi (uFarole, i-Astro, i-Magic Flute, i-Blue River);
• burgundy (i-Royal Stewart, i-Dark Brilliance, iKing De Vid);
• onsomi (Blue bird, Blue Ornament);
• onsundu obhemayo (Intombazane engu-Chocolate, Amigo, Satin Grand, Bison, Velvet Night);
• oluhlaza (iBambi, iGreen Woodpecker, i-Green Ice, u-Peacock Feather, ukuvuswa kwe-Spring);
• I-Ink blue (iBelle de Noir, iVioletta).

Hlanganisa Izimbali

Ukuhluka kombala we-gladioli kunika ithuba lomsebenzi wokuzalela. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezihlanganisa hhayi kuphela i-gradient ebushelelezi yemibala, kodwa futhi nokuqhafaza imivimbo kanye namabala emqaleni. Abafuyi futhi bafuna indlela yokwakha izinhlobo ezihlanzekile eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Izinhlobo zokuzala kabusha kwe-gladioli

Ungasabalalisa izinhlobonhlobo ze-gladiolus oyithandayo ngokutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa, ukuhlukanisa ama-corms, imbewu kanye nezithombo.

Imbewu

Le ndlela isetshenziswa abafuyi bezitshalo ukuthola izinhlobo ezintsha. Izimbali ezikhulelwe ezinhlamvini zingahle zingazitholi njengezici zokuhlukahluka kwezitshalo zomzali. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ekupheleni kobusika ku-greenhouse.

Ungatshala kanjani imbewu:

1. Imbewu ifakwe endaweni yesisombululo se-sodium humate solution (0.01%) amahora angama-2-3.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi: ishidi humus 2/3, isihlabathi somfula 1/3.
3. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, iziqukathi ezinezithombo zithuthelwa engadini eluhlaza okotshani noma engadini (umhlabathi ovulekile kanye nesiqukathi).

Amahlumela weTuber

Ngenani lama-tuber buds akhiqizwa phakathi nenkathi, izinhlobo nazo ziyahlukahluka. Abanye bakha amakhulu ngamakhulu wezingane noma ngaphezulu (i-Pink Harmony, i-Fireball), kanti abanye ngokuwa bakhipha kuphela ama-tuber buds ngonyaka.

Inani nosayizi wama-tubers kuya ngemibandela:

• isimo sokushisa;
• umswakama wenhlabathi;
• isikhathi sesikhathi sokukhula.

Izinhlobo zokuqala zinengane enkulu, kanti ezakamuva zincane.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-blob buds akhula aze afike ezinyangeni ezintathu, ahambisane nesikhathi kanye nokuvuthwa kwezimbewu. Izingane ezivuthiwe zihlukaniswe kahle kumbandela womama. Ngokutshala, ahlelwa ngosayizi. Okukhulu (1-2 cm) kungaqhakaza ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kanti okuncane kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu.

Ungasabalalisa ngokushesha izinhlobonhlobo ngokutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu ebhodweni noma ebhokisini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Njengembewu, bathathwa bayiswa engadini eluhlaza ngokufika kokushisa noma kufakwe engadini evamile. Ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo ezincane zithola isikhathi esithe xaxa sezimila futhi zikwazi ukwakha ama-bulbs. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuhluma kwezingane:

• amabhodwe e-peat-humus;
• ama-peat briquette;
• amaqanda.

Le ndlela izovumela ukuthulula izitshalo zingene enhlabathini ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande.

Izithombo

Izithombo zeGladiolus zingatholakala kusuka kuma-cutways. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amahlumela akhethwa, angedluli ku-15-16 cm, futhi abekwe emanzini ukuze abambe kahle. Ukutshala okuvelayo kukhule enhlabathini yomfula wengxenyeni enkulu ngaphansi kwefilimu kwigreenhouse. Ukudubula okugxilile uyakwazi ukwakha inflorescence kanye corms of okunye.

Imithetho eyisisekelo yokukhula kwe-gladioli

Akunzima ukukhulisa izimbali, uma unikezwa imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo.

Ukukhetha kwesihlalo

IGladiolus idinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle, inhlabathi ekhanyayo enezakhamzimba nokuvikelwa emoyeni.

Ngokutshala, khetha indawo enomthambeka omncane (50 °) eningizimu yendawo, lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ungahlali emswakama ngokweqile futhi uthole ukushisa okwengeziwe kuma-corms.

Ukuchuma Okumhlophe

Ngingakwazi ukutshala nini

Ungatshala i-gladioli lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ifinyelela ku-10 ° C, ama-buder buds efihlekile athokomele futhi ngo-5-6 ° C. Uma kutshalwe ngaphambili, ama-corms ngeke akwazi ukuqhuma, futhi uma umswakama owedlulele ukhona, angafa. KwabaseMidland, kukhona isincomo - sokutshala i-gladioli kusuka eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli kuya eminyakeni eyishumi kaMeyi. Epulatifini lezimbali noma esitsheni, izimbali zingavuthwa kusuka ekugcineni kukaFebhuwari.

Ngabe imibhede ijula ​​kangakanani?

Uma kunezinqwaba eziningi, khona-ke iseluleko esihle kakhulu ukwenza imibhede. Ngobubanzi obungu-1-1.2 m, kulula kakhulu ukunakekela izitshalo. Ngobude bemibhede, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlela ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga noma eceleni kwithambeka. Imigqa ihlelwe kahle kuwo wonke umbhede. Njengoba i-gladioli idinga ukutshalwa ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, le ndlela izovumela izimbali ukuba zikhanyise ngokulinganayo, inhlabathi ephakathi kwemigqa nayo igcwalisa ngokulinganayo.

Ukutshala ukujula kunqunywa ngokuya ngosayizi we-tuber:

• ezinkulu (1 cm nokuningi) zingcwatshwa ngu-4-5 cm;
• maphakathi (0.5-2 cm) ujule ngo-3-4 cm;
• amancane (afinyelela ku-0,5 cm) ambozwe ungqimba lomhlabathi ongadluli ku-2-2,5 cm.

Ubude bomugqa nabo babalwa ngokususelwa kunombolo yezilimo eziyizigaxa:

• Ama-40 ama-pcs. / 1 ​​m ubukhulu - ibanga phakathi kwemigqa lingama-25-30 cm;
• Ama-70 ama-pcs / 1 m amancane - ibanga phakathi kwemigqa lingaba ngu-15 cm.

Ukutshala ama-gladiolus bulb emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukutshala kokumila kommbila, ukuhlanzwa kwawo kanye nokwelashwa kwephrophylactic kunomthelela ekuhlumeni kokuqala (kuze kufike isonto elingu-1) futhi kukhuphule ukungatheleleki kwesitshalo.

Ilungiselela ama bulbs wokutshala

Ngaphambi kokutshala i-gladioli, ama-bulb ahlanzwa ngokucophelela, aqaphele ukuthi angalimazi amahlumela avelayo ahluma ngokuhlwanyela ezinhlotsheni zokuqala nasezingeni eliphakathi. Ukubola, okonakaliswe isikhunta wenqaba futhi uchithe.

I-anyanisi ebalulekile ingagcinwa uma umonakalo ulincane. Izicubu ezinezifo ziyavuleka, zilandelwe ukufaka isisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma uthuli nge-carbon eyenziwe ngegesi.

Ngokuvimbela izifo zokukhunta, izinto zokutshala ziyacutshungulwa:

• potanganum permanganate;
• i-ancinic acid;
• thambisa nge-sodium.

Ukutshala ama-corms

Ukulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala

Izimbali zizizwa zingcono kakhulu emhlabathini omncane okhanyayo we-asidi, enhlabathini enesihlabathi esimanzi noma ku-chernozem ehlelekile. Indawo okufika kuyo idinga ukulungiswa ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bumba inhlabathi bese wenza humus, umquba. Imbali ikhula kahle ngemuva kwezilimo zemifino, amakhambi esiderata kanye nama-legumes.

Ukunakekelwa kweGladiolus

UGladioli uphendula ngokunakekelwa. Ukuvula umunyu kanye nokugoqeka kwenhlabathi, ukhula lokhula, ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-micronutrient kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole okuqhakazayo kwezimbali okuningi nokutshala okunempilo.

Ukunisela

Kuyadingeka ukunisela isitshalo kakhulu (i-10-15 l / 1 m²) ukuze umswakama ufinyelele ezimpandeni, ezingaphansi kobude obungama-40 cm. Ukunisela imibhede njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 phakathi kwemigqa ukuze amanzi angaweli emacembe. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukukhulula inhlabathi ukuze ukugcwala okwenziwe ekushiseni kungavimbi ukufinyelela kwezimpande emoyeni.

Ukhula

Ukhula gladioli kufanele lube njengoba lukhula, njalo emavikini ama-3-4. Emasimini ambozwe ukhula, ama-slugs anda ngokushesha; ukungabikho kokujikeleza komoya kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo zokukhunta.

Ukufafaza

Ukuze wandise ukuhlobisa kwesitshalo, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwama-tuber buds, ukudliwa kwamafolishi kwenziwa njalo emavikini ayi-2-3. Fafaza izimbali endaweni engenamafu, ezolile noma kusihlwa. Njengoba kunikezwe ukwakheka kwe-gladiolus, insipho yokunamathela yengezwa kwikhambi futhi zombili izinhlangothi zeshidi ziyafafazwa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bafafaza imifino ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ama-3-4, ngokunisela inhlabathi ngezidakamizwa ukuvimbela izifo.

Indlela yokubopha

Garter

Ukuze uvimbele ukwenqatshelwa, izitshalo kufanele ziboshwe ngokushesha lapho kunwetshwa ama-peduncle. Uma ukutshala kwenziwa emigqeni, kufakwa emaphethelweni epulangwe, kudonswa intambo phakathi kwabo, kusekelwa imbali ngayinye, noma inethiwekhi enkulu yamapulasitiki ifakwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1, iqondisa izimbali zezimbali phakathi kwamaseli.

Izitshalo ezivuthayo ezi-10 cm ukuphakama zingathatha isikhundla se-garter ye-gladioli ephansi. Yenza inqubo ngokubukeka kwamashidi angama-4-5.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ngesikhathi sokukhula, isitshalo sidinga ukugqoka okuphezulu ukuthola izinto ezidingekayo, izinto ezincane nezincane. Izinhlobo zomanyolo:

• i-nitrogenous yenziwa ngokubonakala kwamaqabunga eqiniso ayi-2-3;
• i-nitrogen-potassium phosphorus yenziwa lapho kuvela amaqabunga angama-5-6;
• i-potassium phosphorus yenziwa ngokubukeka kwama-buds kwi-peduncle.

Kusebenza kakhudlwana ukwethula izinto zamaminerali ngefomu ewuketshezi, zimunca ngokushesha uhlelo lwezimpande. Ngaphambi nangemva kwenqubo, inhlabathi kumele ithululelwe ngamanzi angenalutho.

Ukusika izimbali

Sika izimbali kangcono ekuseni noma ngemuva kokushona kwelanga ngokubukeka kombala ezansi amahlumela ama-1-2, ukuvulwa kwembali yokuqala, uma uhlela ukuthutha. Ukusika i-peduncle, kuyadingeka ukushiya okungenani amaqabunga amane, kuyadingeka ekuvuthweni kwama-corms.

Kuyadingeka ukusika i-inflorescence ngommese obukhali, uqaphele ukuthi ungalimazi amaqabunga.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona ekukhuleni

Ngenkathi yokukhula kwe-gladioli, umlimi angahlangana nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-15 zezifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-55 zezinambuzane ziyavumbuka esitshalweni. Akunakwenzeka ukuqeda ngokuphelele izinsongo; njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, ukunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokukhethwa kwezinhlobo ezingamelana nakho kunconyiwe.

I-Velvet Nights

Izinambuzane

Izinambuzane ezivamile ezingatholakala kunoma yiliphi izwe:

• ama-thrips;
• iklabishi scoop;
• ibhere;
• anyanisi izimbuzane;
• i-wireworm;
• slugs.

Isifo

Ukwazi ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani kahle i-gladioli emhlabathini ovulekile kuzogwema kakhulu izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye namagciwane. Ukwenziwa kabusha kwamagciwane kwenzeka ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esibi nezimo zenhlabathi. Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zihlaselwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubola:

• I-Fusarium bola eyomile;
• i-sclerotiniosis;
• i-botritiosis;
• ukubola kwenhliziyo onsundu;
• USeporia;
• i-penicillin rot of corms.

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingabulala inani elikhulu lezitshalo ngenxa yejubane lokusabalala. Ukutshala nokunakekela i-gladioli endaweni evulekile kufaka phakathi ukuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta:

• ukufafaza ngama-fungicides ngesikhathi sokukhula;
• ukuhambisana nemibandela yokugcina;
• ukucubungula izinto ngaphambi kokutshala.

Izimpawu zokunakekelwa okungafanele

Izimpawu zesitshalo sokungasebenzi kahle ziyavela ngokubonakala kwaso:

• ukuguqulwa kwamaqabunga kanye ne-peduncle;
• umbala wamahlamvu ushintsho;
• ukubonakala kwamabala, kuqhakaze;
• ukukhula kancane kwezitshalo, ezinye kungaba nzima ukuzimila.

Ukunakekelwa okufanele kwe-gladioli kuzovumela ukuthi kube nezimbali ezigcwele futhi ezinobungane. Uma kunikezwe izici zokuhlukahluka, kunganwetshwa kufika ezinyangeni ezimbili. Ungakwenza kanjani lokhu kuchazwe ngenhla.