Amapulaya aseShayina akavami ukutshala emasimini ethu, kodwa kukhona abathandekayo abazama ukuwuqeda. Emva kwakho konke, kuhlale kujabulisa izithelo ezinomsoco futhi ezihlwabusayo, kunikeza ukuqhakaza okuhle nokuqhakazayo, ukulimala kokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo zalezi plums zivumelanisa kalula nanoma yiziphi izimo zezwe, ziqinile, zilwa nezifo nezinambuzane.
Isici nokuhluka kwamaplamu aseChina
Iplamu yaseShayina, ngokwezincazelo zezincwadi zokubhekisela zabalimi, iyingxenye ye-genus Prunus L. yomndeni waseRosaceae. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-4 ezihlukene ze-plums. Ikhulile njengesitshalo esitshalwe, kepha ingatholakala nasendle. Esikhathini esilandelayo, kulula ukuthola emazweni aseNyakatho Melika, eNingizimu-West naseNtshonalanga ye-Asia.
Iplamu yaseShayina ngumuthi okhuphuka ubude obuyi-12 m. It has a trunk eqondile, lapho basakaza amagatsha. Amagxolo omuthi unombala obomvu noma obomvu. Amahlumela abanzi aqinile avulekile, akhula amaqabunga amancane namaphakathi aphakathi kobuningi obunamapulangwe ngesisekelo esizungezile, intonga ebukhali kanye nomngcele we-ribbed. Khula kuze kufike ku-12 cm ubude no-5 cm ububanzi, ube nombala obala obumnyama obuhlaza. 
Uyazi? Izwe lakuleli sitshalo libhekwa njengeMpumalanga Ekude neChina, lapho lisakaze khona kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Iphunga elivela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-Ussurian, elikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa kuze kube ku--50 ° C, seliqalile emgqeni wethu.
Ngokwemvelo yezimbali kanye ne-fruiting, ama-plums aseChina anehluko ophawulekayo kusuka emahlathini asekhaya. Izimbali ezilinganayo zaseChina ekuqaleni (ngo-Ephreli), ngokushesha futhi zigcwele amafihlethi. Emthini wonyaka wonyaka awuvamile, futhi kubantu abadala abadala bavela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-spur noma izimbali.
Izimbali ezimhlophe zikhona emaqeleni amaqabunga, ngokwesilinganiso, izingcezu ezintathu, ziyaqhakaza ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avele esihlahleni. Ngempumelelo yezithelo zokuvuna impova kakhulu. Izithelo ezinomqondo, ezinjengezinhliziyo noma eziyinkimbinkimbi zivela ezimhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene: kusuka ezibomvu ezibomvu kuya eziphuzi. Inyama iyamanzi, iyamnandi futhi iyomuncu, ikhula kanye netshe. Abanye abalimi bakholelwa ukuthi iplamu yaseShayina ingaphansi kokunambitheka ukuzenzela, kuyilapho abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, babone ukunambitheka okukhethekile.
Izinzuzo nezindleko zama-plums aseShayina
Kusukela enhla ngenhla kungagcizelela izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-plums. Ihlanganiswe ngombala phambi kwabanye, ngokulandelana, iqala ukuthela izithelo ngaphambili. Ukuvunwa kunikeza okuningi. Izithelo zikhangayo ngokubukeka nokunambitheka, ukubekezelela ukuhamba. Futhi, umuthi umelana nezifo nezinambuzane. 
Uyazi? Kukholelwa ukuthi zonke izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezihlukahlukene zasekhaya zitholakala ku-plum yaseChina.
Kodwa-ke, lesi sihlahla sesithelo sinokungaphumeleli. Okufanayo izimbali zakuqala zingabanjwa amaqhwa asekupheleni, bese ungabheki ukuvunwa okuhle. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, hhayi izinyosi eziningi nezinye izinambuzane, ngakho-ke ukuvundisa iplamu kunzima ngokwanele. Ivunwa, nakuba ihamba kalula, kodwa ayikwazi ukumiswa. Amagxolo emgodleni wezimpande ngokuvamile awela emagqumeni, okulimaza esihlahleni.
Ukuvotela kwama-plums aseChina
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, iplamu yaseChina inenkinga yokuvuna impova. Ngaphandle kokuthi entwasahlobo entwasahlobo kukhona izinambuzane ezimbalwa ezizovundisa izimbali, ngakho iningi lezinhlobonhlobo zalesi sihlahla zidinga inani lempova. I-Plum ihamba kahle kule ndima. Kodwa uma uhlwanyela izinhlobo eziningana zeplamu yaseShayina eduzane, impova izokwenzeka.
Nge-pollination ephumelelayo, ama-ovari avela cishe yonke imbali. Ngakho-ke, izithelo zizungeze igatsha ngalinye, zikhule ngokuqinile komunye nomunye. 
Kuphi futhi kuphi okungcono ukutshala kusayithi
Uma unesithakazelo seplamu yamaShayina, sizokutshela indlela yokutshala isihlahla endaweni yakho. Kudingekile ukuyikhetha indawo ekhanya kahle futhi ifudumele yimisebe yelanga, kodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ivaliwe kusuka kumashidi. Ngakho-ke, indawo ekahle yayiyoba intaba evulekile. Yebo, uma umuthi uzovalwa kusukela ohlangothini olusenyakatho odongeni.
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe grey, ubumba, ihlathi noma i-chernozem nge-alkaline noma engathathi hlangothi. Kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi ibe ne-calcium ecebile.
Kubalulekile! Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kokutshala kwamaplamu aseShayina kumele alale ngamamitha ayi-1.5 noma ngaphezulu.
Ukutshala kuthatha isisindo okungenani unyaka owodwa ubudala. Futhi uma ama-plums asekhaya atshalwa entwasahlobo, khona-ke iplamu yaseChina idinga ukutshala ekwindla. Uhlelo lwempande lwazo lungcono ukushintshwa kwamazinga okushisa aphansi, ngakho ngaphezu kwesikhathi sasebusika umuthi unesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande futhi uthuthukise izimpande, kanti entwasahlobo uqondisa wonke amajusi abalulekile ekukhuleni nasekubunjweni komqhele.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphambi kokufika
Indawo yokufika kufanele ilungiswe izinsuku ezimbalwa. Insimu iguqulwe ukwethulwa kuka-700 g wefulawa i-dolomite ngayinye imitha engaphansi kwendawo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunciphiseni i-acidity yenhlabathi, uma kunesidingo. Umgodi usungulwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-18 ngaphambi kokuphuma. Ubude nobubanzi obuphakanyisiwe - 70 cm, ukujula - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-60 cm. 
Ngosuku lokutshala, isithombo kumele sihlanzwe ngokususa izimpande ezomile namagatsha aphukile. Khona-ke izimpande zibhapathizwa kwisisombululo sobumba okungenani ihora. Abanye balimi batusa ukushiya khona amahora amahlanu. Ebumbeni, ungangezela umuthi "Epin" ukugqugquzela ukukhula komuthi noma isixazululo esibomvu se-potassium permanganate.
Uma kunezihlahla eziningana ezilungiselelwa ukutshala, sicela uqaphele ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele libe okungenani ngamamitha ayi-1.5, futhi phakathi kwemigqa - amamitha amabili.
Inqubo nokuhlelwa kwe-scheme
Umhlabathi wokuqala we-20 cm osuselwa emgodini ubeke eceleni eceleni - lokhu kuyindawo encane kakhulu enhlabathini. Ixubene nenani elinganayo le-peat, humus, compost noma umquba. Ngaphansi komgodi wezwe etholakalayo lapho, yakha isigundane, lapho isikhonkwane sifakwa khona 15-20 cm phakathi nendawo. Isikhumba kumele siphume emgodini sibe ngu-70 cm.
Kunconywa ukuthi ungeze ingxube yamalitha angu-10 omquba, 300 g we-superphosphates kanye no-50 g we-usawoti we-potassium emgodini. Izithombo ziyanconywa emgodini ukuze intamo yempande iqhume 7 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Izimpande emgodini kumele ziqondiswe ngokucophelela.
Uyazi? Iplamu yaseShayina ngisho nayo yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo iphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, umgodi ugcwala kuze kube yihhafu, umhlabathi uphonswa futhi uchithelelwe ibhakede lamanzi. Uma umhlabathi uhlangene kabi, i-voids yenziwa lapho, ngenxa yokuthi izimpande zesitshalo zomile. Emva kwalokho, inhlabathi esele igcwele futhi imbobo ikhiwa nxazonke zezitshalo (cishe ububanzi obungama-40 cm). Izithombo kumele ziboshwe emgodleni futhi ziphuze (okungenani amabhakede amathathu amanzi). Lapho umswakama ubambelela ekuvimbeleni ukuqhuma kwawo, kubalulekile ukuthulula i-peat noma i-sawdust engaba ngu-5 cm phezulu emthini. Ukuchelela kokuqala emva kokutshala kwenziwa ngemva kwamasonto amabili.
Izici ukunakekelwa kwama-plums aseShayina
Iplamu yamaShayina, njenganoma imuphi omunye isitshalo, idinga imithetho ethile yokulima.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Lesi sitshalo sibhekene nesomiso esifushane, kodwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu, ukuchelela okuvamile kuyadingeka. Yisebenzise ngesilinganiso ibhakede ngalinye imitha yesikwele sokulinganisa komqhele. 
Kubalulekile! Kudingekile ukuqapha isimo se-collar yezimpande zomuthi omncane, ngoba ebandleni eliphakathi lingakwazi ukuhlaziya, yingakho umuthi uyafa. Ukuvimbela inkathazo, igquma eliphakeme lama-40 cm lenziwa lizungeza isiqu, ikakhulukazi uma litshalwe enhlabathini eyindayo noma ephansi..
Ngemuva kokuphuza, kunconywa ukuthi ukhulule inhlabathi ibe yi-5 cm ejulile. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlanganisa isihlahla somuthi ngezinkuni, umquba noma i-peat emgqeni ongama-8 kuya ku-12 cm.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Entwasahlobo, lapho isitshalo siqala ukuthuthukisa, izitshalo ze-nitrojeni ziyasetshenziswa ukusiza isihlahla sibe namahlumela amasha. Kunconywa ukuba uthathe ama-25 g we-ammonium nitrate, inani elifanayo le-urea namakhilogremu amabili we-mullein ngamitha yendawo ngayinye. Konke lokhu kudalwa ebhakede lamanzi, futhi yile ndlela esitshala ngayo.
Ehlobo, umuthi udliwa izikhathi eziningana ngotshani (200 g ngalinye imitha yendawo), potassium (20 g) ne-phosphorus (60 g). Ekuqaleni kwekwindla kunconywa ukuthi wengeze u-15 - 20 g we-nitroammofoski.
Ukunciphisa imithetho
Iplamu yaseChina idinga ukusika ngezikhathi ezithile. Owokuqala uqhutshwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala, lapho isithombo sincishiswa cishe cishe isigamu ukukhula kwayo. Lokhu kusiza umuthi ukuba ujwayele izimo ezintsha ngokushesha futhi uhlakulele ngenkuthalo amahlumela amasha. Khona-ke, ebusika nasekuseni kwentwasahlobo, amagatsha omiswe anqunyulwa. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu ukusika izihlahla kungenziwa ekwindla.
Kubalulekile! Ebusika, ungakwazi ukucwenga kuphela lapho kusetshenzwa khona izinga lokushisa lomoya elingaphansi kuka-15 ° C.
Kubuye kunconywe ukuba kwenziwe izihlahla ezihlotshaniswa entwasahlobo. Masinyane emva kweqhwa lokugcina, lihlumela lokho okukhuphukela phezulu nalabo abaqothula umqhele basuswa. Ngemuva kwalokho, amahlumela omnyaka odlule ayifushane.
Ungakhohlwa ukusebenzisa amathuluzi abukhali ne-disinfected ukusika izihlahla, futhi uqoqe izindawo ezinqanyelwe nge-pitch pitch.
Ama-plums asebusika
Ebusuku obusika, kubalulekile ukuqoqa wonke amaqabunga awile azungeze amahlamvu, asuse kuwo kusayithi bese uwushise. Imijikelezo ye-Pristvolnye idinga ukumba.
Umuthi omdala uvumile kalula ubusika ngaphandle kokukhosela, kepha izihlahla ezincane ezineminyaka engama-2-3 kufanele ziboshwe ngendwangu yesaka noma i-lapnik emigqeni emibili. Ungasebenzisi izinto zokwenza lokhu, njengoba lesi sitshalo sizophela phansi kwazo.
Izifo nezinambuzane ezikhona zezinhlanzi zaseChina
Inzuzo yomuthi wukuthi imelana nezifo ezivame ukubhekana nezihlahla zezithelo. Kodwa nokho, ngezinye izikhathi ipulaya lamaShayina liyamangaza ngokungafani ne-monocleosis noma i-asperiasis. Ukuze ukwelashwa nokuvinjelwa kwezinkuni baphathwe ngesixazululo se-3% seBordeaux. Njengoba ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuvuna kwesihlahla. 
Kulezi zinambuzane, ingozi iyigugu lokugaya izithelo, elibhubhisa amaqabunga omuthi bese liphanga izithelo. Ukuze kuvimbele ukutholakala kwalo, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, umuthi uchithelwa ngamakhemikhali akhethekile njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili, ukuyeka inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna. Izicupho zePheramon nazo ziyasebenza.
Iplamu yaseShayina iyindlela ehlukile yokuhlala emapulazini asekhaya avamile. Izithelo zawo zinkulu, zinamanzi futhi zivuthwe kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ukunakekela cishe kufana ne-plum evamile, ngakho-ke ubunzima bokulima ngeke buvuke. Nakuba kunezinselele zalo: amathuba okuba izimbali ziqhwaza phakathi nama-frosts wokugcina, ubunzima bokuvota impova. Kodwa uma ulandela wonke amathiphu ekunakekeleni iplamu yaseChina, uzothola isivuno esihlwabusayo nesinomvuzo.
