I-Freesia noma i-freesia (freesia) - isitshalo se-herbaceous zisetshenziswa somndeni we-iris. Amadlozi ayo asendle akhula eNingizimu Afrika, endaweni yeCape Territory. Ekhaya, imbali yakha amathanga emhlabathini oswakeme oswakeme phakathi kwezihlahlana. Ngenxa yezincazelo zikadokotela waseJalimane uFriedrich Frieze ngekhulu le-19, le mbali yaziwa eYurophu, futhi isitshalo saqanjwa ngaye.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Freesia imbali enuka kamnandi futhi isetshenziselwa ukwakha amakha aphezulu. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, linganuka njengokutsha kwezinkuni, umnduze wesigodi, i-peony noma amanothi we-citrus. Umklamo "wobumba" wamaphalishi unikeza imbali isisa esimangalisa. Ngokunokwenzeka, kwakuyindlela ekhuthaza abakhi bezilungiselelo ukuthi banikeze uhlobo lwegama labo igama elithi Freesia Light.
Yini isitshalo
Izimbali zeFentsia
Izimbali zalobu buhle base-Afrika zinemqhele emincane, enamabala abushelelezi noma aphindaphindwe kabili. Umbala wazo ungaba lilac, ophuzi, owolintshi. Ngaphandle kwenombolo enkulu yezinhlobo, kunezici ezijwayelekile zazo zonke:
- ama-inflorescence awezimpawu ezinobunye, akhuliswa kancane esisekelweni;
- amaqabunga ambozwe umucu, avela empandeni;
- isiqu sisuka ku-20 cm siye kumitha eyi-1;
- isiqu esibushelelezi, esinamagatsha anamanzi;
- izithelo ziyibhokisi.
Ethekisheni, izimbali ze-freesia zibukeka zimnandi izinsuku eziyi-10, ngakho-ke isitshalo sithandwa kakhulu ngama-florists njengesitshalo esisikiwe. I-freesia emhlophe isetshenziswa ku-floristry yomshado. Omakoti bavame ukumfaka ohlelweni lwezimbali lomshado.
Kubalulekile! Okuhlanzekile, ama-buds aqhakazile anqoba abalimi abaningi nabaqambi. Uma usinakekela kahle lesi sitshalo, khona-ke siyojabulisa abanikazi baso isikhathi eside ku-windowsill kanye ne-flowerbed.
Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-20 ezaziwayo ze-freesia zokuzalela, ezintathu kuphela ezifanelekileyo:
- Freesia Armstrong. Ukuphakama kwehlumela kungamasentimitha angama-80. Izimbali zibunjiwe njengensimbi emithunzi ehlukahlukene: obomvu, obomvu; Izingcezu ezi-3-5 ziqoqiwe. Iqhakaza kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni;
- UFreesia Ungenile. Amahlumela afinyelela kuma-40 cm, ngalinye linama-inflorescence ama-3-4, ukuqhakaza entwasahlobo. Ama-petals amhlophe noma owolintshi;
- I-hybrid freesia. Uthandwa ngabathandi bezimbali. Isihlahla saso sikude kube yi-1 m ubude futhi sinezimbali. Ungumkhiqizo wokunqamula i-freesia ka-Armstrong kanye nephukile. I-inflorescence yezimbali ezinkulu, ezinamakha onsomi, okusajingijolo, ophuzi.
Kuzo zontathu izinhlobo kukhona abamele kanye nabama terry. Ezangaphambili zinomugqa owodwa wamacembe, i-terry freesia - 2 noma ngaphezulu imigqa. I-Freesia mix ivame ukutholakala ngokuthengiswa - lokhu kungxube yezinhlobonhlobo, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuxuba.
Kubalulekile! Muva nje, izinhlobo eziphukile sezisabalele, lapho imichilo eminyene yomunye idlula ithoni eyimbali imbala.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-freesia zithandwa ngabatshali bezimbali:
| Ibanga | Incazelo |
| Ikhadinali | Izimbali ezibomvu aziyona i-terry |
| IBellina | I-White Freesia Ballerina inesisekelo se-beige nezinsimbi ezihlanganisiwe. |
| Apollo | Ama-petals amhlophe qhwa nge-pharynx ephuzi |
| I-Pimperina | Ama-peduncles aphansi ngo-20-25 cm, ku-inflorescence wezimbali ezi-6 zezimbali ezibomvu nezimnyama ophuzi, iphunga alikhulunyelwa |
| UFreesia White White | Ama-Shoot afinyelela ku-30 cm ukuphakama, ama-terry petals, amhlophe |
| IHelsinki | I-Perianth onsomi nge-tint ephuzi kanye nophawu olphuzi ezansi kwe-petal, maphakathi nokuthinteka onsomi |
| Stockholm | Ama-petals wezitini ezi-rose anophawu lwe-terracotta kuma-underside, blooms sekwephuzile |
| I-Red Lyon | Izimbali zibomvu ngokunsundu ngombala wombala ogcwele |
| Othandwayo we-Orange | Izimbali ezinhle ze-olintshi ezine pharynx ocebile |
| I-White swan | Izimbali ezimhlophe ngo-ayisikhilimu, amabala ansomi |
Ukukhula kweFentsia kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Imbewu yeFentsia iyindilinga engaphakathi, onsundu emnyama. Zivutha izingcezu ezi-2-3 ebhokisini linye (pod). Amandla wokuhluma, agcina iminyaka emi-3.
Ungakhula kanjani kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu icwiliswa kwisisombululo esipinki se-manganese bese ibekwa ukuze yome ngethanga eliboshiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho afakwe amahora angama-24 emanzini ahlanzekile abilisiwe endaweni yokushisa engu-18 ° C futhi ahlwanyelwe ekujuleni kwenhlabathi ngamasentimitha angama-0.6-1.Ekukhuleni, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-greenhouse embozwe nge-polyethylene noma ifilimu. Umswakama ngaphakathi kufanele ube ngu-60-70%, kanye nokushisa - cishe okungu-22ºС. Ukuxhuma kwalezi zinkomba akufanelekile. Ukudayiswa kufanele kwenziwe kabili ngosuku ngesifutho samanzi abilisiwe. Ibhokisi libekwe endaweni enomswakama lapho kubusa khona ukuhlwa kobusuku. Ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo kufanele zivele.
Ukufakelwa
Ukutshala amahlumela ezimbizeni kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili, ibanga phakathi kwawo kufanele ligcinwe okungenani ngama-50 mm. Ngokuqala kokushisa - kudluliselwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Endaweni yokuhlala, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngoMashi. Ngemuva konyaka, ngosuku lwabesifazane bamazwe omhlaba, lesi sitshalo kufanele siqhume.
Lapho kukhula izithombo, kufanele kuhlonishwe eminye imithetho:
- ukubukeka kwamahlumela kufanele kuhambisane nokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa lesitshalo kuya ku-8-10ºС;
- izitshalo ziyi-photophilous, futhi ngokuncipha kwamahora okukhanya kosuku, ukukhanya okwengeziwe kuyadingeka kuze kube amahora ayi-12 / ngosuku;
- ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo akufanele kube;
- ukuthambisa okunzulu kunconyiwe;
- lesi sitshalo asithandi okotshani.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, i-freesia kufanele idliswe nge-ammonium nitrate (10 g ngalinye le-5 lamanzi). Kamuva, izikhathi ezi-5 njalo emavikini ama-2-3, kufakwa isisombululo somquba wezinkukhu (1: 20) ngokufakwa kwe-10 g ye-potassium nitrate nge-5 l yetshezi.
Ukufika kwangaphandle
I-Freesia ibonakala ngokumelana nesithwathwa. Eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule yayitshalwa kuphela ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, manje isitshalwa ezivandeni, nangasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeRussia. Ukugibela i-freesia nokunakekelwa endaweni evulekile kucacisiwe:
- udinga ukuqapha izinga lokushisa;
- ukuhamba kwemisebe yokukhanya kufanele kulawulwe;
- Ukunisela abanekhono kubalulekile.
Ukuze ubabaze izimbali ezisebhedi yezimbali ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, udinga ukutshala ama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkomeni zepeat ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ama-bullet afakwe isigamu sehora kusisombululo se-0,2% se-foundationazole, etshalwe ngokujulile ngo-4-6 cm. Kufanele zihlume isikhashana kuvulandi onokhanya kahle. Kutshalwe ngaphandle kwendawo kungakafiki uMeyi, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifudumala lifike ku-10ºº.
Izinsuku zokutshala
Ama-Freesias abekwa eceleni komsele kubude be-6 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, kufakwe nge-peat engathathisiwe, ukuze kugcinwe umswakama. Ama-florists anolwazi lokukhula okungcono emigodini yokutshala aletha ingxube yesihlabathi namalahle ochotshoziwe 1: 1 Galela lesi sitshalo njalo emavikini amabili nge-superphosphate (30 g ngebhakede lamanzi).
Kubalulekile! Indawo yokutshala imbali ye-freesia akufanele ibe semoyeni, umthunzi oyingxenye uyanxaneleka. Umhlaba udinga umoya omsulwa, ovunyelwe futhi umswakama.
I-Freesia yisitshalo esingakubekezeleli ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo, okungadala ukushiswa. Iziqu ezibuthakathaka zamahlumela amancane kudingeka ziphakanyiswe, zazo zisebenzisa i-mesh. Ukutshala izitshalo ngezikhathi ezihlukile kuzohlinzeka ngokuqhakaza kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ngokuqala kwesithwathwa, i-freesia eqhakaza ingathathelwa kwelinye imbiza. Futhi egumbini kuzothokozisa iso lomnikazi isikhathi eside.
Ukunakekela iFentsia engadini
Ungasinisela kanjani isitshalo
Enye yezimo zokunakekelwa okugcwele nokutshala kwe-freesia ukuthambisa okunengqondo kobuhle. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukugcwala kwenhlabathi, ikakhulukazi amaviki amabili okuqala. Umhlaba akufanele udunge; ukumiswa nakho kungathandeki. Kuyakhala kakhulu lapho kudingeka ukubeka amahlumela nalapho isitshalo siqala ukuqhakaza. Ngezinjongo zokuvimbela, ukuvikela ukubola, izifo, izimbali ze-freesia eziniselwa ngaphambi kwesidlo. Kusihlwa, amahlumela kufanele ome ngokuphelele.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Ukuzalela I-Fenceia
Imbali isakazeka ngama-corms kanye nembewu. Ku-bulb, izakhi ezidingekayo ekuhlumeni kwehlumela elisha ziyafakwa. Kwi-tuber yakudala ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, kwakhiwa izingane (ama-4-5 ama-pcs. Ngamunye), isibani ngokwaso sizalwe kabusha ngokuphelele. Ngesizini ezayo badinga ukuhlukaniswa futhi batshalwe bodwa, ukuze bakhule. Ngakho-ke nangokuzala kabusha kwe-bulbous - akunazinkinga.
I-Freesia isatshalwa ngembewu ngokuswela kwembewu nokuzalanisa izinhlobo ezintsha. Le yinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi engathembekile.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Lapho kutshalwa endaweni, imbali ihlaselwa njalo: ama-aphid, izimbuzane zesigcawu nezihlakala. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa ngama-insecticides kuyadingeka (Iskra, Fitoverm).
Kubalulekile! Azikho amakhambi emvelo azonga isitshalo sakho osithandayo kusuka kuma-thrips kanye naku-spider izimbuzane. Akusizi ngqondo ukuthi uchithe isikhathi, kusamele uguqukele kumakhemikhali.
Izinambuzane
Ukuvela kwe-fusarium, ukubola noma ibala kumahlumela kusho kuphela ukuthi isitshalo asinakekelwa ngokungafanele. Izimbali zeFentsia kufanele ziniselwe ngamanzi afudumele ngemuva kokuxazululwa. Izitshalo akufanele zithothane ukuze umoya "uhambe" ngokukhululeka, ukunisela ebusuku akunconyiwe.
Kubalulekile! Amagciwane nawo avame ukudala i-yellowing nokufa kwamaqabunga. Lesi sitshalo esithintekile kufanele sisuswe masinyane esindeni sezimbali sishiswe.
Ukunakekelwa kwezimbali
Ukuqhakaza ngokugcwele kungenzeka kuphela ngokulawula okuqinile kokushisa. Kumaviki awu-6 okuqala, kufanele kube ngu-22 ° C, futhi ngaphambi kokuqhakaza - kwehliselwe ku-10-15 ° C.
Izimbali zeFreesia zisindayo impela, yingakho amahlumela kudingeka asekelwe ngenkathi yezimbali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kutuswa ukwelula i-twine ngaphezulu kwemibhede. Ukutshala okulungile kwezitshalo kungamasentimitha angama-5 ukusuka komunye nomunye, futhi kunconyelwa ukuba okungenani kugcinwe okungenani u-15 cm phakathi kwemigqa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukutholakala kwamanzi okusebenzayo kakhulu kuyadingeka. Kodwa-ke, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi i-freesia iyingozi ekumeni kwamanzi.
I-Freesia ngemuva kokuqhakaza
Ukuqoqa imbewu kanjani futhi nini
Ukuqoqa imbewu esitshalweni, kuhlanganiswa impova ngebhashi. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, amabhokisi embewu akha phezu kwawo. Kufanele zishiywe esitshalweni zize zivuthwe ngokugcwele, i.e. futhi ngemuva kokuwa kwezinsimbi. Kufanele ulinde kuze kube ukuthi amabhokisi abe nsundu futhi abe ntekenteke - lesi yisikhathi sokuqoqa. Imvamisa, yomiswa endaweni efudumele ephepheni noma isoso, kude nelanga, ivusa njalo. Gcina imbewu emvilophini yephepha, uqiniseke ukuthi uzisayina.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Kungakapheli amasonto ayi-3-5 ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kuyeza isikhathi sokuvuthwa kakhulu kwezingane emalungeni - impahla yesizukulwane esilandelayo sezitshalo. Lapho izimbali zilahlekelwa ukukhanga kwazo, ziyakhishwa ukuze isitshalo singachithi izakhi ngeze futhi nokwenziwa kwembewu kungenzeki, kepha ukuthambisa kuyaqhubeka kuze kuphele inyanga.
Kubalulekile! Amaqabunga awasuswa kuze kube sekupheleni, anondla ama bulb isikhathi eside.
I-Freesia nezilimo eziyizigaxa eRussia (ikakhulukazi ama-Urals, eSiberia) ayibusika inhlabathi evulekile. Ngemuva kokuphuzi amahlumela, asikiwe, kugoqwa ama. Emavikini lamabili ngaphambi kwekutsi asuswe emhlabatsini, kunisela kuyancishiswa bese emazinga ekushisa anciphile. Zigcinwa ngokuzifaka esikhwameni selineni kumswakama we-65% kanye nokushisa kwe-28-30ºС. Ngokwesilinganiso esifanele somswakama emoyeni, kubekwa isitsha samanzi eduze nendawo yokugcina amanzi. Izinyanga ezintathu zanele "ukuphumula" kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ama angalungiswa ngokutshala.
Ungasilungisa kanjani isitshalo ebusika
Sebenzisa ekwakhiweni komhlaba
UFreesia uyisihambi esamukelekile kunoma yikuphi ukufakwa kwendawo. Kuyadingeka futhi kuyathandwa ekwakhiweni kwotshani, izingadi zamatshe, imibhede yezimbali, imingcele ehlanganisiwe. Manje izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa kakhulu hybrid. Abaklami bemvelo abaningi, lapho ebuzwa ukuthi iyiphi imbali engeza ukwakheka komdabu kanye ne-aristocracy, akhomba ku-freesia. Imvamisa itshalwa kanye namakhambi: i-thyme, i-lavender, i-rosemary. Izimbali zivame ukutshala emabhodweni, ezihlokweni zezimbali, futhi kuthathwe ngazo ukuhlobisa imigwaqo emincane, amathala, amabala. Kuyinto elula ukuthi umhlobiso onjalo ungafihlwa ngaphakathi endlini lapho kungenwa yiqhwa.
Eminyakeni ecishe ibe yi-10, ngokusho kwabasebenza ngamaDashi bezimbali zaseDashi, i-freesia ifinyelela kwesithupha ohlwini lokuthandwa emakethe yezimbali. Konke lokhu kungenxa yomusa wayo, imibala ehlukahlukene nenhlaka yamakha.
