Lapho befuna i-apula ephezulu yokunika icebo labo, abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukuhlukahluka "Zhigulevskoe".
Enye ye-apula enjalo ingaholela ku-240 kg izithelo ezimnandi zonyaka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-apula "Zhigulevskoe" zinamanye amahle amaningi futhi kufanele zikhule engadini yakho. Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe kulesi sihloko.
Uhlobo luni?
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula Zhigulevskoe zingokwezilwane ze-Apple ezifuywayo noma zamasiko (ngesiLatin Malus domestica) futhi zikhulile Izindawo zaseCentral nase-Southern Russia kusukela ngo-1936.
"Zhigulevskoe" ibhekisela eqenjini izinhlobo zekwindla.
Izithelo zivuthwe ekuqaleni kuka-September, nangonyaka oshisayo ngisho nangaphambili - ekupheleni kwehlobo.
Ukuvuthwa komthengi wama-apula kuza amasonto ambalwa emva kokuvuna, lapho izithelo zizothola ukunambitheka okungcono kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka, ama-apula kaZhigulevskoe angakwazi igcinwe izinyanga ezifika ku-3okungukuthi, kuze kube nguDisemba ngisho noJanuwari.
Ukuphepha kwesitshalo kuncike ezimweni ezinikeziwe.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kwakuyi-cellar epholile enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa. kusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-4 ° C.
Ama-apula agcinwa emabhokisini enkuni noma emabhokisini amabhodlela anezibopho ezifanele zokuphuza umoya.
Uma iphakanyiswe esitsheni, izithelo zihlanganiswe ephepheni noma zifakwe emagqumeni anzima.
Izinhlobo ze-Autumn zifaka i-Aelita, i-Gala, i-Cinnamon Striped, i-Lyubava, i-Kitayka Belfleur, i-Uralets, i-Yantar, i-Freshness, i-Scala, i-Ural Bulk, i-Flashlight, i-Imrus, i-Uspenskoe, i-Prima, i-Gift to Gardeners, iCinnamon New.
Ukuvota
Apple "Zhigulevskoe" yiyona ukuzimela ezihlukahlukene, okungukuthi, izithelo ezibekwayo, zidinga ukuvota impova nge-pollen yezinye izinhlobo ze-apula.
Tshala izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-apula "Zhigulevskoe" kunconywa eceleni kwezinhlobo ezinjengalezi "Kuibyshev", "Antonovka evamile", "Spartak", "i-Northern synapse", "i-Skryzhapel", "i-Kutuzovets" ne-"Anis gray".
Kubalulekile! I-pollination yekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yizinambuzane kungenzeka kuphela uma ibanga phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-apula ne-pollination akukho ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-50.
Incazelo ezihlukahlukene Zhigulevsky
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala kwe-apula nezithelo.
Apple Zhigulevskoe - lokhu medium wood hard ene-pyramidal noma ephakeme kakhulu yomqhele, okuyinto ithola, ukuqala ukuthela izithelo.
Umqhele awugqinsi kakhulu, ovumela imisebe yelanga ukuthi ikwazi ukungena ngokukhululekile kuwo ukuze izithelo ezivuthiwe nezivuthiwe. Lesi sici singenye yezinzuzo ze-apula.
Amahlumela kanye nesihlahla somuthi banombala omnyama omnyama.
Amagatsha alungile futhi aphakanyisiwe.
Amaqabunga ama-oblong amakhulu we-apula anomumo wokugoqa ngephuzu elincane elisontekile.
Ipuleti leshidi elisemaphethelweni li-serrated futhi lihlungwe ngokuma "isikebhe".
Izimbali eziningi ezimhlophe ezimhlophe ziqhakaza ekuqaleni, yingakho ekuqaleni kwezimbali zingahle zivezwe emahlathini asentwasahlobo.
Ama-apula ebanga "iZhigulyovsk" ahluke ngobukhulu obukhulu. Isilinganiso sabo isisindo sesisindo kusuka ku-120 kuya ku-200 g. Kunezinye izimo zobuningi cishe i-350 g. Ukuma kwama-apula kuyindilinga, ngezinye izikhathi ububanzi obunzima.
I-peel yesithelo sinesakhiwo esiqinile kakhulu ngokugqoka oketshezi olunamafutha, okwenza ama-apula avele kahle elangeni. Ama-tubercles amancane amancane ngokuvamile akhiwa phezu kwesithelo.
Umbala oyinhloko wama-apula ukukhanya okuphuzi. Ihlanganiswe ngokugqama okubomvu okwesibhakabhaka ngesimo sezindawo ezifiphalayo nemivimbo, evame ukuhlala eduze kwe-apula.
Lo mbala wenza izinhlobonhlobo zezithelo "Zhigulevskoe" zikhangele kakhulu ngokubukeka. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba kunamabala amaningi ama-grayish, kodwa ayabonakali nakancane.
I-pulp Creamy inesakhiwo esinqunyiwe kakhulu nesinambitheka esimnandi esimnandi.
100 g we-apula aqukethe: 13.4 mg we-ascorbic acid kanye no-202 mg we-vitamin P.
Ama-apula "i-Zhigulevskoe" ayenamandla kakhulu ekukhanda ikhaya.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Umbhali wezinhlobonhlobo "Zhigulevskoe" usosayensi-umzalisi USergey Pavlovich Kedrin.
Izinhlobonhlobo zadalwa ngokuwela i-apula yaseRussia "Borovinka ejwayelekile" futhi i-American ibizwe Wagner.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa koMbuso ngo-1936, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazitholakala ezindaweni ezingu-14 zaseRussia.
I-Apple "Zhigulevskoe" yayiyi unikeze indondo yegolide ku-International Exhibition.
Iziphi izifunda ezingatshalwa?
I-Apple "Zhigulevskoe" ibhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo ze-hardiness ebusika.
Ngokusho kweRejista kaHulumeni yeZiphumelelo zokubeletha, uvumelekile ukuba akhule Central, Central Black Earth, eNyakatho Caucasus, Volga Ephakathi nasezindaweni eziphansi zeVolga.
Ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu ezisenyakatho, isibonelo, esifundeni saseMoscow ngenxa ubuthakathaka obunzima obusika kungaba mahhala kancane shtamb apula.
Le ndawo yingozi kakhulu emthini, okuyinto idinga indawo yokukhosela enhle ebusika. Futhi ebusika obunzima esihlahleni se-apula singakwazi ukuqeda amafihlethi embali.
E-Eastern Siberia Kungenzeka ukuba ukhule le apula ngesimo se-stanza. Ifomu elinjalo elinwabuzelayo phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika livumela ukumboza umuthi wesithelo ngendwangu yeqhwa ukuwuvikela ehlathini.
Ukuthela
Ezihlukahlukene zibhekene nokusheshisa nokuvunwa okuphezulu.
Isihlahla se-Apple siqala ukuqinisa ngomnyaka wesine noma wesihlanu. Ukusuka emthini owodwa kungatholakala kuze kube ngu-240 kg izithelo ezimnandi.
Kubalulekile! Ama-apula ebanga "iZhigulyovsk" hhayi ukuwela phansi. Le mpahla yenza lula ukuvuna futhi igcine ikhwalithi yama-apula.
Kuye ngezimo zezulu, ama-apula avuthwe ngesikhathi esifanayo ekuqaleni kuka-September.
Izinhlobo ze-apula ezincane Zhigulevskoe bear izithelo ngonyaka. Izihlahla zonyaka ohloniphekile ziveza isivuno ngonyaka.
Izivuno eziphezulu ziyizinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene: Amazing, Quinti, Kora, Carpet, Uslada, Prima, Persianka, Memory Ulyanischeva, Rossoshanskoe, Sunny, Sokolovskoe, Stroyevskoe, Welsey, Chudnoe, July Chernenko.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Umsebenzi wokutshala uqala ngokukhethwa kwezithombo, okungcono ukuthenga kubathengisi abanokwethenjelwa nabangenisiwe. Hlola ngokucophelela ikhophi ehlongozwayo.
Uhlelo lwempande lwe-seedling kufanele luthuthukiswe kahle, futhi izimpande - ezithakanyisiwe, azikhathali ukuthinta. Abathengisi abanokuzikhandla kumele bawahlanganise nge-mash yobumba.
Ngesikhathi sokudayiswa kwe-sapling kufanele igonywe, futhi isayithi lokugoma libizwa ngokucacile futhi limbozwe ngamagxolo. Amagatsha ezinamahlumela esikhwameni se-quality akhula kusuka kumfoloko oyinhloko.
Ukuze uthathe izimpande ze-apula ngokushesha, kunconywa ukuthi uthenge isithombo seminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala.
Ukufika kuqhutshwa entwasahlobo kungakapheli u-Ephreli noma ekuwa kwele minyaka eyishumi edlule kaSepthemba.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha indawo efanele yokutshala isithombo.
Apple "Zhigulevskoe" ikhetha izindawo ezivulekile zelanga.
Izindawo ezinesitoreji esiseduze samanzi azamukelekile. Izinga labo kufanele libe hhayi ngaphansi kuka-2 noma 2.5 amamitha ngokujula.
Izwe liyadingeka umswakama nokuphefumula. Sandy, loamy, umhlabathi wezikhukhula noma i-leached chernozem izokwenza.
Indlela yokutshala umuthi we-apula kaZhiguli? I-sapling yeZhigulevskoe ithole yonke imithetho etshalwe ensimini kanje:
Silungisa umgodi wokutshala intwasahlobo ekwindla, nangokwindla - amasonto amabili noma inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala izihlahla.
Gcina ibanga hhayi ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-4 phakathi kwezihlahla ze-apula. Ubukhulu obukhulu bomgodi - 80 kuya ku-100 cm ubude, ububanzi nokujula.
Ukumba umgodi, ungqimba oluvundile lwe-sod luphonswa emuva kwelinye icala, kanti phansi kwesinye.
Khipha phansi umgodi obumbwe ngehola elibukhali kuya ekujuleni okungaba ngu-30 cm.
Siphonsa izitini eziphukile phansi ekugezeni. Sigcwalisa ingxenye eyodwa yesithathu yomgodi ngendwangu ephezulu yensimu bese ufaka umquba owenziwe ngezitshalo nezimbiwa, isibonelo, 3 amabhakede omquba, 40 g we potassium sulfate kanye no-80 g we-superphosphate.
Hlanganisa ukugqoka ngomhlabathi bese uqina ngokuqinile. Ingxenye esele yegodi lokufika ligcwele inhlabathi evundile ngesilayidi. Igodi eligcwele kufanele libukeke njengegundane eliphakeme cishe eli-20 cm.
Emasontweni angu-2-4 ngemuva kokuba umhlaba uhlezi emgodini, siqala ukutshala i-apula. Wonke umsebenzi wenziwa kahle ngomsizi.
Sigubha umgodi ngobukhulu besimiso sezimpande. Sigxilisa isigxobo sokhuni phakathi nendawo ukuze siphakame ngaphezu komhlaba 70 cm
Ukuphela kwayo okuphansi kufanele kushiswe kusengaphambili ukuze kuvikelwe ngokumelene nokubola.
Hlola imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala bese ususa zonke izingxenye ezilimaziwe.
Sibeka umuthi we-apula emgodini ukuze izimpande zithinte umhlabathi kancane, futhi uzigcine unesisindo.
Qondisa ngokucophelela izimpande bese uqala ukuthulula umhlaba, ugcwalise wonke ama-void phakathi kwabo.
Izimpande zihlale zihlushwa, zibahambisa ngokulinganayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele baqondiswe phezulu.
Gcwalisa imbobo ngokuphelele futhi uqede phansi phansi ngesandla sakho.
Qinisekisa ukuthi intamo impande (umkhawulo lapho ugxolo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka luguqulwa khona) 5 cm ubude ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Faka isihlahla se-apula esitshalwe nge-loop yesishiyagalombili kuya kwesikhonkwane.
Ngemuva kokuqedwa kokutshala nisela umuthi ngamabhakede amathathu noma amane amanzi. Umhlabathi we-mulch umjikelezo wendilinga, i-humus noma i-peat ungqimba obukhulu cishe 5 cm
Kubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka neze ukwengeza umquba ne-nitrogen umquba emgodini wokufika. Lokhu ukugqoka kuyakwazi ukushisa izimpande ezincane zembewu.
Imfihlo yokuphumelela ekutholeni isivuno esihle sama-apula Zhigulevskoe ukukhathazeka okufanele.
Umuthi kufanele unikezwe umswakama, ukondla okwanele kanye nezinye izimo ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni kwayo okunempilo.
Ukunisela Kunconywa ukuphuza i-apula kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-5 ngenyanga. Amabhakede 2-3 anele umuthi owodwa.Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni kakhulu nakusihlwa.
Kusihlwa, i-apula isabela kahle ngokufafaza - umuthi uhlanjululwa othulini futhi uqabuleke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo ukuvimbela izinambuzane. Esikhathini esishisayo isihlahla idinga ukuphuza kuze kube izikhathi ezimbili ezinsukwini ezingu-7-8.
Ukukhulula inhlabathi. Ukuhlenga nokukhulula umhlaba kuyisici esibalulekile sokuthola isivuno esicebile. Kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi aqhubeki emibuthaneni ye-apula.
Ngemuva kokunisela nemvula, umjikelezo we-trunk kumele ukhululeke futhi uhlanganiswe ukuze izimpande zithole umoya owanele. Ngaphansi komkhawulo womqhele kunconywa ukuba wenze emhlabathini insika engama-40 cm ejulile ne-crowbar.
Umanyolo. Iminyaka yokuqala engu-2-3 awukwazi ukondla i-apula, ngoba inani elanele lomanyolo lisetshenziselwa ukutshala. Uma inhlabathi ingavuthi kakhulu, ungadla isilwane nge-compost noma umquba obolile.
Izitshalo ezindala zinconywa ukuba zifakwe kathathu ngonyaka ngamunye. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala nge-urea (cishe ama-500 g ngomuthi owodwa) noma umquba obolile uyenzeka phakathi nentswasahlobo.
Isikhathi sesibili kubalulekile ukutshala umuthi we-apula ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza nge-bird droppings, i-mullein noma i-mineral nitrogen fertilizer.
Ngemuva kokuzimbali, ungadla i-apple nitrophoska noma i-sodium ehlaziye.
Ukudla konke kumele kume ngaphambi kokuphela kukaJulayi.
Emasimini avundile, kwanele ukutshala lesihlahla njalo eminyakeni emibili. Inhlabathi yesihlabathi idinga ukukhulelwa ngonyaka.
Khulisa. Ngisho nalapho uhlwanyela isiteji, wonke amagatsha awo anqunywe okwesithathu. Lapho ukusika izihlahla ezindala, izifo ezigulayo nezibuthakathaka zisusiwe, amagatsha angaphansi kwe-branching enkulu kanye namahlumela akhula ngaphakathi komqhele.
Futhi uthathe amagatsha futhi uthunjiswe abanye. Kunconywa ukususa okungaphezu kwengxenye yesine yenqwaba yamagatsha onke, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi we-apula uzokucindezeleka okukhulu. Sika amagatsha kufanele abe ngaphansi, ngakho-ke kwakungekho iziqu ezisele. Wonke umsebenzi wokusika izihlahla kufanele wenziwe ngaphambi kuka-Ephreli entwasahlobo.
Izimbali nezihlahla. Esikhathini sokuqala emva kokutshala isidingo uthathe kusuka ku-80 kuya ku-100% yezimbali, ukunikeza umuthi ithuba lokuhlala phansi.
Ngonyaka wokuqala we-fruiting, kunconywa ukuba usike ingxenye yesitshalo sonke esiteji sesithelo esibekiwe kuze kube ngu-3-4 cm ububanzi.
Ngenxa yalokhu kusebenza, okubizwa ngokuthi ukulinganisa isivuno, ama-apula asele azokhula amakhulu nakakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzonikeza i-apula ithuba lokulungiselela kangcono i-fruiting elandelayo.
Ukulungiselela ubusika. Njengoba kusondela ubusika, umbuthano we-trud uphahlaza kanye nomathamini.
Izihlahla ze-apula ezincane ezigcwele isixazululo se-chalky, nemithi emikhulu - ene-lime.
Ukuvikela izihlahla kusuka kubusika beqhwa kanye neqhwa elikhuni ehlanganiswe ngezinto zokumboza.
Ukuvikela i-trunk yomuthi ekuhlaselweni kwamahares namagundane, ihlelwe ngaphezulu amagatsha ase-spruce ngesihlahla se-spruce, umhlanga noma inetha elikhethekile.
Kubalulekile! Ukusika izihlahla ze-apula kukuvumela ukuba ukwandise izithelo, ukwandise usayizi wama-apula futhi uthuthukise ukunambitheka kwawo, futhi uvikele isihlahla ezifweni eziningi.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobo ezivame ukwedlula izinambuzane "Zhigulevskoe" - i-moth, ikakhulukazi isizukulwane sayo sesibili. Ukuze uvikele i-apula esihlahleni sezinambuzane, izinyathelo zokuvimbela ziyadingeka.
Ngokuqoqwa okukhulu kwezinambuzane ezisetshenziswa izidakamizwa "Fastak" noma "Zimbush."
Lezi zihlanganisa: ukumba umhlabathi, ukuhlanza amagxolo, ukuqoqa izinyoni, ukuhlanza kanye namaqabunga avuthayo. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo esihlahleni somuthi ubeke amabhande. Izibungu ezivusiwe zigijimela esihlahleni bese ziwela ezicupheni. Umlimi wasekhaya ungabutha futhi abhubhise.
Akusizi okusizayo ekulwa nombhoni ukuphambanisa ukumnika i-apula lomhlonyane ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwama-ovari.
Umuthi we-apula wezinhlobo zeZhigulevskoe unamandla okuphikisa izifo eziningi, ikakhulukazi esikhaleni esiyingozi.
Nokho entwasahlobo isihlahla somuthi singase sishiswe ilanga ngenxa yombala wayo omnyama.
Amachashaza kanye nokuqhekeka kubumba esiqwini, emva kwalokho isayithi lesi sifo siba yize futhi sifinyeleleke ezifweni zefungal kanye nokuqoqwa kwezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Ukuvimbela ukushiswa kwelanga ukugcoba umgodi ngokuchofoza noma ukuwufaka ngekhadibhodi noma iphepha elikhulu.
Abalimi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuba babophe amapulangwe ohlangothini oluseningizimu kwesiqu. Isilinganiso esinjalo singavikela umuthi we-apula ekushiseni ilanga iminyaka eminingana. Uma izinkinga sezivele zenzekile, udinga ukusika amagxolo awonakele ngommese obukhali bese umboza isilonda nge-pitch engadini.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-autumn zezihlahla ze-apula "iZhigulevskoe" ingenye yezinto ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Ukutshala ngokufanele umuthi nokuwunakekela kahle, ungahlinzeka nge-apula elimnandi futhi elimnandi iminyaka eminingi.
Buka ividiyo ngendlela yokuqhuba ukusika izihlahla ze-apula ezihlukahlukene zeZhigulevskoe.
