Phakathi kwabalimi, isitshalo sokuhlobisa esibizwa ngokuthi yi-zinnia (zinnia) sithandwa kakhulu. Ama-Aztec asendulo aqala ukukhulisa imbali. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-zinnia iseningizimu neMexico. Kusetshenziswa imbali eRussia ukuhlobisa ingadi nezindawo ezihlangene.
IZinnia: Ukukhula Kwembewu
Zombili i-zinnia zonyaka nezonyaka zingasatshalaliswa ngendlela ekhiqizayo.
UZinya ngomusa
Ukuqoqa imbewu kanjani futhi nini
Imbewu yokutshala elandelayo kufanele iqoqwe kusuka kuzimbali ezinombala okhanyayo nesimo esifanele. Kungcono ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezijabulisa kakhulu iso ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Kunconywa ukuthatha izinto zembewu kuphela kulezo zitshalo ezinesiqu esikhulu kanye nekhanda elikhuliswe kahle. Kungcono ukungathathi impahla yembewu ezitshalweni ezinhle kakhulu, ngoba kuzobe ingekho kwikhwalithi embi.
Ngemininingwane! Imbewu yeZinnia idinga ukuqoqwa izinyanga ezimbili ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Kusukela kulowomzuzu kuqhubeke, kubhekwa njengabantu abavuthiwe.
Ungayqoqa kanjani imbewu
Kuyadingeka ukuqoqa imbewu ye-zinnia ngesimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo. Uma lina lina ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuvuna esilindelekile, khona-ke kufanele ulinde kuze kube yilapho imiqumbe isomile ngokuphelele, njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4. Uma ihlobo lina, abalimi abanolwazi ezimweni ezinjalo basika izimbali ezimanzi bazomise ekhaya. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imbewu ingahle ilahlekelwe ukuqhuma ngenxa yokubola.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqoqa imbewu, udinga ukulungisa isitsha esomile, iphepha noma izikhwama zendwangu yekotoni. Kamuva, iqoqo lenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Okokuqala, izimbali ezifanele kunazo zonke nezomile zomisiwe. Ukuthi bakulungele ukuqoqa imbewu kufakazelwa umbala omnyama wekhanda nesiqu se-brown hue. Ibhulashi elukhuni kufanele ifane maphakathi nembali.
- Ngeminwe yakho udinga ukukhipha ngokucophelela maphakathi kusuka kwimbali bese uyifaka esitsheni.
- Lapho nje isikhashana sikhishwe kuzo zonke izimbali, imbewu kufanele inyakaziswe ngobunono kubo ishidi lephepha, bese ilishiswa ngaphezulu.
Ngemuva kokuhlungwa kwembewu, udinga ukuzihlunga futhi uwahlele ngamabhokisi okufanisa, izikhwama noma imvilophu yephepha, ngokuya ngokuthanda kwakho.
Nakani! Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukugcina imbewu ezikhwameni zepulasitiki, ngoba lokhu kusongela ukubola, ngenxa yalokho ezingafaneleki ukutshala.
Imbewu yeZinnia
Ukukhetha imbewu nesikhathi sokutshala
Lapho beqoqa imbewu, abalimi abanolwazi basheshe bawahlukanise abe ngamaqembu ngokuya ngesimo nobukhulu bawo. Zigcinwa ezikhwameni noma emaphaketheni okuphefumulelwa kuwo, ezindaweni ezivikelwe ekushiseni okubandayo nokubandayo. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwembewu, lapho-ke zizogcina kahle ukuhluma iminyaka emi-3-4. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yembewu ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele ifakwe emanzini. Akunobunzima ekukhetheni imbewu.
Izinsuku zokutshala zinqunywa ngokuya ngendlela yokutshala nezimo zezulu zesifunda. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu ze-zinnia, ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kuzo zonke ezinye izifunda, isikhathi esifanele kunazo zonke sokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kubhekwa njengokuphakathi kuka-Ephreli.
Ukulungiselela imbewu yokutshala izithombo
Lapho utshala imbali enjenge-zinnia, ukukhula kusuka kuzithombo kubhekwa njengeyona ndlela enhle kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia ngaphandle kweNingizimu. Izithombo zingatshalwa zombili ekhaya nasendaweni yokugcina izithombo noma kumagumbi okugcina izithombo.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu eqoqwe kusuka ezitshalweni, kunconywa ukuthi ubambe ngokuzimela isixazululo se-potassium permanganate noma i-phytosporin. Imicimbi enjalo izosiza ukuqeda inqwaba yesikhunta. Uma imbewu ithengwe esitolo, khona-ke ayidingi ukulungiswa kokuqala.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu entwasahlobo ngqo emhlabathini
Lapho nje isimo sezulu esifundeni sesisunguliwe, i-zinnia itshalwe emhlabathini. Ezifundeni lapho ubusika bungabandi kakhulu, imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ngaphambi kobusika, ngoba ayesabi amazinga okushisa aphansi. Entwasahlobo, imbali ihlwanyelwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi. ESiberia nase-Urals, kungcono ukuhlwanyela sekwephuzile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo
Imbewu itshalwe emhlabathini futhi iniselwe kakhulu. Uma ukuhluma kuminyene kakhulu, khona-ke kufanele kusulwe. Akunconywa ukufakelwa imbali, ngoba inohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande. Imicimbi enjalo ibambezela kakhulu inqubo yentuthuko.
Imbewu inconywa ukuthi ihlwanyelwe enhlabathini ingekho ngaphezu kuka-1-2 cm. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa kumele libe phakathi kuka-30 no-40 cm.
Ungakhula kanjani izithombo ze-zinnia ekhaya
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukutshala imbewu ye-zinnia zezithombo akufanele kube ngaphambi kuka-Ephreli. Uma wenza lokhu phambilini, khona-ke iziqu zezithombo zizoba buthaka kakhulu, futhi kuzoba nenkinga ukuzifaka.
Nakani! Ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshala, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukubheka ikhalenda yenyanga futhi, ngokusho kwayo, banquma usuku olufanele kunazo zonke.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Lapho utshala imbewu yezithombo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izimbali azikuthandi ngempela ukukha, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyitshala ngokushesha ezitsheni ngazinye. Kufanele zifakwe izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.
Isigaba esibalulekile ngesikhathi sokutshala ukulungiswa kwengxube yenhlabathi, eyenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Inhlabathi kumele ibe lula, inempilo, ivunyelwe futhi ixege.
Indlela yokutshala ibhekwa njengokudla isikhathi esiningi futhi ifaka izinyathelo ezilandelayo zesinyathelo:
- Imbewu ihlwanyelwa kuqala emabhokisini bese igcinwa emazingeni okushisa ayi-18 ° C kuya ku-20 ° C. Uma zonke izimo zihlangabezana, amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu.
- Kukho konke ukukhula, izithombo kumele zivikeleke elangeni eliqondile kanye nokunisela ngokulinganayo.
- Lapho izithombo ze-zinnia ekhaya zinika iqabunga lokuqala, kufanele ligxishwe.
- Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, izithombo zikhule endaweni evulekile.
Ukuhluma kwembewu
Izithombo ziklabishi nokunakekela ama-zinnias amancane
Ngokushesha lapho kuvela amapheshana ambalwa eqiniso ezitshalweni, kunconywa ukuthi atshalwe ngokushesha ezitsheni ezihlukile. Lapho ukhetha, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu izitshalo zakho, ngoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela umonakalo ezimpandeni.
Lokhu kungenzeka kungaqedwa ngokunisela imbali ngokugcwele bese uyishiya amahora amaningi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ihlumela ngalinye lingahanjiswa ngokukhululekile.
Nakani! Esitsheni ngasinye ngasinye akufanele kubekwe ngaphezu kwezihlahla ezintathu.
Ukuze i-zinnia ikhule kahle, idinga ukuhlinzeka izinga elifanele lokukhanya nomswakama.
Ukuqina kwezithombo
Isigaba esibalulekile ukuqina kwezithombo, okufanele ziqale ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lesi sitshalo kufanele sikhishwe ngaphandle ngezinsuku enelanga futhi efudumele. Okokuqala, isikhathi sokuhlala sikhawulelwe imizuzu engama-30, bese sikhula kancane kancane.
Kungani kudonswa izithombo
Lapho ukhula i-zinnia kusuka imbewu ekhaya, ungahlangana neqiniso lokuthi izithombo ziqala ukwelulwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungahambelani nezimo ezikhulayo. Ukuvusa lo mphumela kungaba ukutshala kwasekuqaleni kakhulu kwembewu, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme endaweni yezithombo, kanye nokutshala obukhulu kakhulu.
Ukuze izithombo zingatambanuli, kufanele uyinikeze ukukhanya okungeziwe ngama-phytolamp akhethekile, umoya opholile ohleliwe futhi ulondoloze izinga lokushisa elikhulu.
Izithombo zeZinnia zeluliwe
Ukutshala i-zinnia
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-zinnia ekhaya, abalimi bancoma ukuyifaka ngendwangu emanzi. Iseluleko esinjalo sizosiza ekunqumeni ukuhluma kwezimbewu. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho amafrimu entwasahlobo ephelayo.
Ukutshala i-zinnias emhlabathini
Abalimi abaningi bokuqala bakhathazekile ngombuzo wokuthi ungayitshala nini i-zinnias emhlabathini ovulekile. Impendulo ilula kakhulu: ungatshala imbali ngokushesha nje lapho ingozi yokubuya kweqhwa inyamalala. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka maphakathi noMeyi.
Ukutshala zinnia emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukukhulisa imbali enhle, kuyadingeka ukumnikeza izimo ezintofontofo. Indawo lapho kuhlelwe ukuthi ikhule i-zinnia kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle, futhi ivikeleke emhlabathini acidity nakuhlaka.
Ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo enhlabathini futhi uqhubeke nokuyitshala, kubalulekile ukwenza izinyathelo zokulungiselela: isiza sidinga ukuhlanzwa ukhula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bumba inhlabathi kuze kube ngu-45 cm, kanti inhlabathi nayo idinga ukuvundiswa. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke i-zinnia izokuqhakaza ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ngakho-ke, ubunzima ngokutshalwa kwalezi zimbali akufanele ziphakame ngisho nakwezengadi ze-novice. Into esemqoka ukutshala imbewu ezitshalweni ngesikhathi, bese uyicosha ngokucophelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa isikhathi esihle sokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho i-zinnia ezojabulisa ukuqhakaza kwayo ihlobo lonke.
