I-Saintpaulia ingesinye sezitshalo ezithandayo zabalimi abaningi. Izihlahla zakhe ezincane eziluhlaza zimbozwe izimbali ezinhle. Ungenza ukwakheka okuhle kubo, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuma ebangeni elilodwa. Uzambara violet, futhi yi-Saintpoly ingeyamalungu omndeni wakwaGesneriev. Izwe lawo liyimvula eshisayo yezwekazi lase-Afrika, lapho lihlala khona eduze kwezimpophoma nemifudlana yezintaba. Kulula ukunakekela iSenpolia ekhaya, ngisho nomlimi wokuqala ungahlangabezana nayo.
Incazelo ye-Saintpaulia
ISantapaulia ingotshani obungahlala butshani obuhlala ezindaweni ezihlala amathafa namatshe anamadwala eduze neTanzania. Izimpande zayo ezondile zitholakala ungqimba lomhlaba ongenhla futhi ziyakwazi ukunamathela ematsheni amancanyana. Phezu komhlaba kukhona amahlumela amafushane anamanzi. Ikhethini livame ukuphakama ngo-2-20 cm, futhi libe ngu-20-40 cm ububanzi.
Amaqabunga ayindilinga noma agqamile apendwe aluhlaza ngombala futhi angambozwa ngezindawo ezilukhuni ezingenakubukeka. Ngemuva kweshidi i-pink noma i-burgundy shades kuyabonakala. I-Petioles kanye namapheshana ambozwe kakhulu i-villi. Imithambo yokusiza ivelele obala ngamapheshana.
Izimbali zingavela unyaka wonke. Enkabeni ye-rosette yamaqabunga, i-racemose inflorescence, enezimbali eziningana zesimo esiyindilinga, eziqhakaza. Isihlahla ngasinye sinama-petals ayi-5 alula noma amabili. Ububanzi bezimbali eziqhakazayo bungamasentimitha angama-3-8. Umbala wazo ungahluka kakhulu. Izithelo ezakhelwe ibhokisi zinezimbewu eziningi ezincane eziphakeme.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-32,000 nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa kuhlobo lwe-Saintpaulia. Ezinye zitholwe njengomphumela womsebenzi wesayensi omude, ezinye ngenxa yokuhlolwa okungahleliwe okwenziwa ngabatshali bezimbali.
I-Saintpoly Duchess. I-rosette yamaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakaza aluhlaza ihlotshiswe ngesixha sezimbali ezinkulu. Amacembe amhlophe e-Terry ambozwe ngezindawo zezimbali ezi-raspberry nezama-blueberry.
I-Saintpaulia Mirror yasebusuku. Lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga aluhlaza aphakathi nendawo futhi nezimbali ezingama-terry eziyindilinga. Amacembe aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ahlelwe ngomngcele omncane futhi afana nezinkanyezi ezinkulu.
I-Saintpaulia Carnival. Izinhlobo zinezimpawu zokuqhakaza okuningi futhi okude. Umbala wamacembe emaphethelweni unombala we-lilac futhi kancane kancane uguquka ube pink okhanyayo.
I-Saintpaulia Madame Pompadour. Izimbali ezinhle kakhulu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziqhakaza ngaphezu kokuthuthumela kwamaqabunga amancane aluhlaza aqhakazile. Ama-petals ane-wavy onqenqemeni ochazwe umugqa omncane wegolide.
I-Saintpaulia inamandla. Lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa amahlumela abade (20-50 cm) ngamaphoyinti amaningi okukhula. Izimbali eziwayo zihlobisa izimbali ezihlanzekile.
I-Saintpolis mini. Iqembu lezinhlobo ezinobukhulu obuncane (kufika ku-15 cm). Phezu kwamaqabunga amancane, ifu lonke lezimbali liyavela elingapheli isikhathi eside.
I-Saintpoly Chimera. Lawa mabhuthi ahlukaniswa umucu ohlukile kuma-petals noma amaqabunga. Njengezitshalo ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele ezihlanganiswe zibe munye. Ukubuka kuthandwa ikakhulukazi futhi kungenye ebiza kakhulu.
Ukusakazeka Kodlame
Propagate ama-violets ngendlela yezitshalo. Ukuze ukhule i-senpolia kusuka kusiqu, udinga ukukhetha iqabunga elinempilo futhi wenze ukusika okuyi-petiole, kushiye u-3-5 cm. Ungasiphula futhi isitshalo emhlabathini. Kufanele ikhululeke futhi imanzi. I-petiole ayingcwatshwa ingabi ngaphezu kwama-1.5-2 cm. Isithombo simbozwa ngefilimu, sikhipha umoya ngezikhathi ezithile bese simanzisa inhlabathi. Imbiza kufanele ibekwe egumbini elifudumele (okungenani + 20 ° C) ngokukhanya okungasebenzi. Ukubamba imbala kuthatha amasonto angama-4-6.
Ukuze ubambe kahle, ungagunda hhayi iqabunga elilodwa, kodwa indodana yokutholwa - ihlumela elincane elinamaqabunga ama-3-4. Ihlukaniswe kwisitshalo sikamama ngommese futhi ibangelwa ngo-sphagnum moss noma ngesihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi ye-peat. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezimpawu, lesi sitshalo kufanele simbozwe ngesikhwama noma ngesitsha sengilazi bese sidluliselwa endaweni efudumele ngokukhanya okungasebenzi. Inqubo ithatha izinyanga eziyi-1-1,5.
Isihlahla esikhulu se-senpolia esinamaqabunga ama-rosette amaningi ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kungahlukaniswa ngommese obukhali bese sitshalwe ezimbizeni ezihlukene ngomhlabathi wezitshalo zabantu abadala. Ngokuvamile i-violet ibekezelela kalula le nqubo, kepha kunconyelwa ukunciphisa ukuthambisa emavikini ambalwa.
Imithetho Yokudlulisa
ISenpolia ithanda inhlabathi ekhanyayo nenempilo ekhaya. Ukuze unikeze lesi sitshalo ukufinyelela kwezinto ezidingekayo, ukufakelwa kwenziwa kanye njalo ngeminyaka eyi-1-2 futhi bazama ukubuyisela ingxenye yengxenye yomhlaba. Izimbiza kufanele zikhethwe zingashoni futhi zibanzi ngokwanele. Ingqimba yokudonsa ithululelwa phansi. Izakhi ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukubhala inhlanganisela yenhlabathi:
- umhlaba wefudu;
- Peat;
- i-vermiculitis;
- ishidi lomhlaba;
- isihlabathi;
- moss sphagnum.
Ukunisela kakhulu isitshalo enhlabathini futhi ukunyathela inhlabathi akunconywa.
Izici Zokunakekela
Ukunakekela i-senpolia ekhaya kulula kakhulu. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukugcina imithetho ethile ukuze i-violet ethambile ihlale ijabule ngezimbali ezinhle.
Isibani Isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okukhanya okugqamile. Kodwa-ke, imisebe eqondile yelanga lasemini ingadala ukushiswa kwamahlamvu aluhlaza. Kunconywa ukubeka amabhodwe emafasiteleni asezindaweni ezisempumalanga nasentshonalanga, kanye namatafula asemakamelweni aseningizimu.
Ukushisa I-Adult Senpolia ikhule ekushiseni komoya okungu-20 ... + 23 ° C. Ama-violets amancane anconyeliswa okuqukethwe okufudumele (+ 23-26 ° C). Ukuze isitshalo sikhule ngokujwayelekile, kudingeka sinikeze ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa lansuku zonke kwe-2-4 ° C.
Umswakama. I-Saintpaulia ithanda amakamelo anomswakama ophezulu, ngoba endaweni yemvelo ihlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi. Ingaphezulu leqabunga lamacembe akuvumeli ukufafaza lesi sitshalo kusuka kufafaza. Uma une-aquarium noma umthombo ekhaya, kungcono ukubeka i-senpolia eduze kwayo. Ama-Pallet anezibhebhe ezimanzi noma amanzi nawo afanelekile.
Ukunisela. Ungakwazi ukunisela i-violets ngamanzi ahleliwe empompini at lokushisa lasekamelweni. Ukuze uketshezi lungaqoqeki eduze kwamahlumela namaqabunga, kunconywa ukuthambisa okungaphezulu. Inhlabathi kumele yomile engxenyeni yesithathu engenhla, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizoqala ukoma bese siwashiya amaqabunga.
Umanyolo. ISenpolia idinga ukondliwa kabili ngenyanga unyaka wonke. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, thatha ikhefu amasonto angama-4-6. Ungasebenzisa umanyolo wezimbiwa zezitshalo eziqhakazayo.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
Izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-senpolia ukubola (ukubola kwezimpande, ukulimaza sekwephuzile, i-powdery hlobo, i-grey bola). Emakamelweni apholile futhi anomswakama, lapho amanzi ewa embizeni futhi engena enkabeni yokuphuma kwamaqabunga, kungavela amabala ansundu noma ampunga. Uma, lapho sicindezelwa, ihlumela liba lithambile futhi liphunga isikhunta, khona-ke i-violet itheleleka ngegciwane lokukhunta. Kuyadingeka ukuzama ukususa zonke izindawo ezonakele, ungene endaweni yenhlabathi futhi wenze ukwelashwa kokubulala.
Ama-parasites awandile kakhulu kule-senpolia. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho ungathola khona ngamaqabunga we-mealybug noma we-cyclamen tick. Izinambuzane ziphathwa ngemisipha yezinambuzane.
