Ungakhula kanjani i-oki kusuka ku-acorn ekhaya? Impela lo mbuzo ubuzwe ngabantu abangaphezulu koyedwa ehlobo, ngoba isihlahla esinamandla futhi sisetshenziswa kakhulu, sidinga ukunakwa okuncane futhi sikwazi ukujabulisa isizukulwane esingaphezu kwesisodwa.
Ilungiselela izinto zokutshala
Ukuphumelela endabeni enzima enjalo kuncike ezintweni zokutshala, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha i-acorn efanele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, landela izincomo zezinyathelo ngezinyathelo zabagadli abanolwazi:
- i-acorn iyathathwa phakathi ekwindla, kuze kube yilapho izithelo ze-oki ziqala ukubuna;
- kufanele ibe nsundu nge-tint encane eluhlaza, ngaphandle kokubumba nezikelemu;
- ukuhluma, kungcono ukhethe i-acorn, ehlukaniswe kalula cap. Akuyona ingxenye yalo, kepha isebenza njengokuvikelwa kwezithelo.
Isithombe se-Oak
Ngemininingwane! Lapho uhlela ukutshala izithelo, qala utadishe ngokuphelele ulwazi ngohlobo lwesihlahla, ngoba ama-oki anezinsuku ezihlukile zokuvuthwa zama-acorn. Isibonelo, kuma-oki abomvu aseMelika, atholakala emazwenikazi ahlukahlukene, izithelo zivuthwa eminyakeni emibili. E-Russia, i-oti evame kakhulu ye-petiole, ethatha unyaka kuphela ukwenza lokhu.
Ukukhetha kwe-Acorn
Akuwona wonke ama-acorn alungele ukuhluma futhi ajike abe yisihlahla esigcwele esigcwele esinempilo. Ngakho-ke ungahlumela kanjani i-acorn ekhaya? Ukuze wonke amaphupho afezeke, udinga ukukhetha izithelo ezifanele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha ama-acorn amaningana futhi ungazenzi omkhulu wokuzama ngawo. Udinga ukuqoqa ibhakede lamanzi bese uthele ama-acorn kuwo. Ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa, izithelo zizodonsa, lezo ezisele ziphinde zilahlwe, ngoba ngeke zisabonakala. Azimeli ngenxa yokuthi isibungu siziphonsele ngaphakathi, noma isikhunta sihlasela isithelo bese sibola ngaphakathi.
Ihlume ama-acorns
Ama-acorns omisiwe omisiwe kahle, bese-ke, kanye nama-moss noma ama-shavings, afakwa esikhwameni esivaliwe ngokuqinile. Ifakwa esiqandisini izinsuku ezingama-45 noma ngaphezulu, kuze kube yilapho i-acorn iqala ukuhluma.
Okuqukethwe kwephakeji kufanele kuhlolwe njalo. Inhlabathi kumele ibe manzi kancane. Indawo emanzi ngokweqile izobangela ukuba umbungu ubole, futhi emhlabathini owomile ngeke uqhume.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5, izimpande zizovela ekuqaleni kobusika, kanti nezithelo zizodinga ukutshala esitsheni esincane esinobubanzi obungama-5 cm.
Inhlabathi ye-oki
Umqondo ofanele ukuthi ihlumela ligebhe inhlabathi, etholakala eduze kwesihlahla somama. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, ungathatha inhlabathi engadini bese ufaka i-peat moss kuyo. Bazokusiza ukugcina umswakama.
Embizeni enesithombo, kufanele kube nezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi lapho umswakama ngokweqile ungaphuma khona. Izinto zokutshala azifakwanga ukujula okungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-5. Uboya obumanzi bukotoni ubekwa ngaphezulu futhi bumbozwe ngengilazi, ungakhohlwa ngezimbobo okuyohamba ngazo umoya.
Ukulawulwa kokukhula kwesihlahla
Isithombo kumele sibhekwe kahle. Ukuthi ukhula kahle umsebenzi wagcotshwa umqhele ngomphumela omuhle kufakazelwa izinkomba ezilandelayo:
- izithombo zikhule ngo-10 noma 15 cm;
- kwavela amaqabunga amancane;
- sekwakhiwe impande eyisisekelo enempilo futhi izimpande ezincane ezimhlophe ziyabonakala;
- kusobala ukuthi isihlahla sikhiphe imbiza yaso.
Khetha Izithombo ze-Oak
Izithombo ze-Oak, njengezinye izitshalo eziningi, zidinga ukukha (ukuthutha izitshalo zisuka ebhodweni elincane ziye kwesinye ezinkulu). Le nqubo ibalulekile ngoba ineqhaza ekuthuthukisweni okungcono kohlelo lwempande nokuqiniswa kwalo.
Nakani! Benza ukukhetha kungabi ngaphambi kwamaqabunga ama-2 noma amathathu avele ekukhanyeni.
Izinto ezifakwayo
Ngemuva kokukhetha isiza sokufika, bathathwa ukuze bambe indawo. Inhlabathi ekhululwe kahle izonikeza izimpande ngokusatshalaliswa komoya okuhle nokubonakala kwamanzi okuhle.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ubambe umgodi wosayizi ofanele. Amapharamitha ayo ancike ubukhulu bezimpande eziphambili. Esikhathini esiningi, ukujula akudluli ku-90 cm, futhi ububanzi bungama-35 cm. Umuthi utshalwe emhlabathini omanzi, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala, umhlaba uyaniselwa. Lapho utshala izithombo enhlabathini, inhlabathi iyanyathelwa.
Izithombo ze-oki
Lapho zizalanisa lezi zimidondoshiya, ziqondiswa yimithetho emithathu eyisisekelo:
- phakathi nenqubo yokugunda, kutholakala indawo ethambekele lapho isuka kwisithombo, ukuze amanzi angahlali eduze kwesiqu se-oki, nesihlahla sivikeleke ekulimaleni;
- uzungeze isihlahla udinga ukufaka izithombo zenhlabathi. Ukwenza lokhu, i-peat noma i-bark yesihlahla kufanelekile. Imisebe yokuhlanganisa okunjalo ingamasentimitha angama-30. I-bark izothuthukisa umswakama futhi ivikele isitshalo kukhula;
- ngomshuwalense, ungaphonsa amanye ama-acorn amaningi emgodini, okuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ukufika ngempumelelo. Ungazibeki zijule ngaphezu kuka-3 cm.
Ungakuthola kanjani ukulungela kwezithombo zokushintshwa kwendawo
Kungenzeka unqume ukuthi izithombo zikulungele ukutshala izinkomba eziningana:
- isithombo sikhule kungaphansi kwesilinganiso esingu-15 cm futhi sidlula kakhulu usayizi wembiza;
- cishe amaqabunga ama-5 akhiwa esihlahleni;
- uhlelo lwempande lwakhiwe kahle;
- ngemuva kokudonsela phansi okungenani amasonto amabili.
Lapho ungatshala khona izithombo enhlabathini
Amahlumela amasha atshalwa entwasahlobo emigodini ebilungiselelwe kwangaphambili. Ngaphansi embozwe ungqimba lwamanzi acishe abe ngama-cm angama-20.
Nakani! Inhlabathi ilungiswa kusengaphambili: inhlabathi ixubene namabhakede amabili e-humus, ikhilogremu yomlotha kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali.
Ukukhetha indawo nezici zokubamba
Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesihlahla kuncike kusayithi elikhethwe kahle lokufika. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha indawo, udinga ukubheka izinkomba ezihlukile:
- ukukhanyisa. Isihlahla sidinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuhle ukuze sikhule, ngakho-ke akudingi ukuthi kutshalwe emthunzini. Isitshalo sidonsa amandla elanga futhi sikhule ngokuphelele;
- ukuntuleka kwamanzi, izintambo zikagesi kanye nemigwaqo. Kunzima kakhulu ukubikezela ngokunembile ukuthi umuthi ungakhula kanjani nokuthi izimpande zawo zihamba kuphi, ngakho-ke kuwukuhlakanipha ukukhetha indawo kude nazo zonke izinhlobo zokuxhumana. Ibanga ukusuka endlini noma ezinye izakhiwo kufanele okungenani libe yi-3.5 m;
- ngaphandle kokusondelene kwezitshalo. Uma ezinye izihlahla ziseduzane nesihlahla se-oki, khona-ke kungenzeka zingatholi isilinganiso esidingekayo sezakhamzimba. Imiphumela izoba ukukhula okuthuthukile nentuthuko. Kufanele kube nebanga okungenani le-3 m phakathi kwe-oki nezinye izitshalo.
Ukukhulisa Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Oak
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zesithombo emoyeni omusha, kungabonakala sengathi ukukhulisa i-oki elisuka e-acorn ekhaya kunzima. Lesi sitshalo siyozizwa singakhululekile, ngoba kuzofanela sikujwayele ukukhanyisa okusha, inhlabathi kanye nesikhala.
Oak omncane
Kodwa-ke, uma konke kwenziwa kahle, kuzoqina futhi kuqale ukukhula ngokugcwele. Umuthi udinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile iminyaka emithathu yokuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzoqina futhi uzokwazi ukuthuthuka ngokuzimela. Ukukhula okugcwele nokusheshayo, kufanele uhambisane nezincomo ezilandelayo:
- Kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka isithombo esisezingeni elifanele ukuvikela emahlathini, okuyindlela yokwelapha yangempela. Kufanelekile ukwakha uthango oluncane oluzovikela isihlahla kuzo zonke izinhlangothi;
- Ngaphezu kwamagundane, ama-acorn angaphinde ahlasele izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Imvamisa, kuba nepheshana le-oki, inundu lesifutho ne-oak barbel enkulu. Udinga ukusebenzisa ama-pesticides azosindisa izithombo kulezi zinambuzane;
- emavikini amabili okuqala emva kokutshala, isithombo kufanele siphuziswe nsuku zonke. Thela ibhakede lamanzi ngesikhathi.
Ebusika, udinga ukunakekela ukuvikela izihlahla eziqandeni ezinzima nasekuhlaselweni kwama hares athanda ukwenza inzuzo ngamahlumela amancane amnyama. Inhlabathi eseduzane nesihlahla kufanele imbozwe ngengxube yamaqabunga owomile, i-humus kanye notshani. Isendlalelo esinjalo kufanele okungenani sibe ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Amagatsha esihlahla acindezelwa kancane phansi, eduze nesiqu. Ngemuva kwalokho imbozwe ngezikhwama ezimbili. Entwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo siyavulwa, kanti kakade sizimele siqondisa amagatsha siphakamisele ukukhanya kwelanga.
Ukuthuthuka kokuzalela okulandelayo
Minyaka yonke isihlahla sizoqala ukuqina. Izodinga ukunakekelwa kancane nangaphansi, ngoba umuthi uzoba mude, izilwane ngeke zikwazi ukuwuqothula, nezimpande ezinamandla zizongena shí emhlabathini futhi ngeke zidinge ukuniselwa.
Ngemininingwane! Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20, izinhlobo eziningi ziqala ukuthela izithelo, kepha futhi kunezimo ezinjalo ezizothela izithelo kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-50.
Izici zokunakekela i-oki encane engadini
Umuthi omncane udinga ukunakwa okukhethekile:
- udinga ukukhululwa kwenhlabathi njalo nokususwa kokhula, okuzodonsela zonke izinto eziwusizo ngaphakathi kwazo;
- ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala, kwenziwa umanyolo: izengezo eziqukethe i-nitrogen zifakwa entwasahlobo, kuthi kungeniswe i-nitroammophoska ekuqaleni kwekwindla;
- kufanelekile ukuvikela amahlumela ezifweni zokukhunta. I-Powdery mildew iyingozi kakhulu kubona. Kulokhu, baphathwa ngama-fungicides njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela;
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukugeleza kwe-sap, izihlahla ziyenziwa, zakha umqhele futhi zisuse izindawo ezonakele.
I-Powdery isikhutha emacembe
Ukomisa isihlahla ngesimo sezulu esomile
Izihlahla zinezimpande ezinkulu futhi eziqinile, ngosizo zazo ezikhipha kalula amanzi enhlabathini, noma ngabe yomile ngokuphelele ebusweni. Ebusika nangemvula, izilwane ezincane akufanele ziniselwe. Kepha esimweni sezulu esomile kuwukuhlakanipha ukusungula uhlelo lokunisela. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, isihlahla sidinga amalitha angama-30 amanzi izinsuku eziyi-14. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, ukuchelela kuzosebenza iminyaka emi-2.
Kubalulekile! Amanzi akufanele avunyelwe ukuqoqa azungeze isiqu noma awele kuso. Angaqala ukubola.
Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-oki ihlobisa amakhishi ehlobo, nayo iletha izinzuzo eziningi. I-Oak bark isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemithi. Ukhulula ukuvuvukala emgodini womlomo futhi kusiza ukubhekana nesifo sohudo. Ungatshala nezithelo ngaphansi kwesihlahla. I-oki yamatshe iletha izithelo ezidliwayo, okuvela kuzo hhayi nje kuphela zokupheka izitsha ezahlukene, kodwa futhi ikhofi ikhofi elimnandi.
Ukukhulisa isihlahla kusuka ku-acorn inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kungenzeka uma ulandela imithetho echazwe ngenhla. I-oki ikhula isikhathi eside, kepha ukubukeka kwayo kwangaphandle kukufanele ukulinda iminyaka eminingana.
