Eminyakeni yamuva, imbali ekhanyayo ye-gatsaniya idume kakhulu kubalimi baseRussia. Lesi sitshalo sifunwa kakhulu futhi siyathokozisa, kepha, njengoba usuzijwayele ngamaqhinga athile nezimpawu zokunakekelwa, ungathatha ukutshala kwawo ngezimo zaseCentral Russia.
Incazelo nezimpawu eziphambili ze-gatsaniya
Imbali yaseNingizimu Afrika gatsaniya (noma gazania) ngembonakalo ibukeka icishe ifane ne-chamomile, yingakho yabizwa ngokuthi. Lesi sitshalo esimangazayo somndeni ka-Astrov owafika eYurophu maphakathi nekhulu le-18 futhi waqanjwa ngegama lokuhlonipha umpristi wase-Italy uT. Von Gaza. Endle, kukhula e-Afrika nasezindaweni ezisogwini zase-Australia.
Isimbali seGazania
Izimbali ze-Gatzania zakhiwa obushelelezi, futhi bube nesiqu esingu-25 cm ukuphakama futhi zifinyelele kububanzi obungu-5-12 cm. Umbala uncike ezinhlobonhlobo futhi ungacishe ube yiluphi: iqhwa elimhlophe, elimhlophe noma eliphuzi, o-orenji, wonke ama-shades afiphekayo apinki, abomvu. Isici esivelelayo imivimbo emnyama futhi ehlukile eya enkabeni imbali.
Ngemininingwane! Isitshalo siqala ukuqhakaza izinyanga ezingama-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala imbewu. Isikhathi saso sinqunywa yizimo zesimo sezulu.
IGatzania inengxenye eguquguqukayo yesimo sezulu esisakazeka emhlabathini, impande yempande. Amaqabunga neziqu kukhona okuswele okufushane, kuphuma ijusi le-milky onqenqemeni. Ingxenye ephezulu yamaqabunga ibushelelezi obugqamile noma obuluhlaza obumnyama. Imbewu inciphile phakathi komnyama nomhlophe, inesibazi esincane.
Isebenzisa i-asczany ekwakhiweni komhlaba
IGatsaniya itshalwa e-Afrika njenge-perennial, kepha ezindaweni zase-Yurobhu ayinasinda ebusika obubandayo futhi ikhule njengesitshalo sonyaka. Ilungele cishe zonke izinhlobo zesimo sezulu, kepha lapho kubanda kakhulu ekwindla kufanele ibiwe. Akasithandi isitshalo sokuvala amanzi kanye nemvula enkulu. Ibekezelela ukuguquguquka kwamazinga okushisa ukusuka ku--5 ° C kuya ku-35 ° C, ifa ngokushesha eqandeni elinamandla.
Ukushiswa komhlaba kweGazania
IGatzania - yonyaka noma engapheli - ingatshalwa ezitsheni nasezimbizeni zezimbali ukuhlobisa amakhabethe nethala. Ilungele ukubeka emibhedeni yezimbali, imibhede yezimbali, emikhondweni engadini, kuma-alpine slides.
Nakani! Kuvunyelwe ukukhula i-chamomile yase-Afrika njengesitshalo sasekhaya.
Ekwakhiweni kwengadi yezimbali, omakhelwane bayo abafanelekayo kungaba yi-Iberis, iVenidium, neLobelia. Gwema ukutshala eduze kwezitshalo ezinde kakhulu ezizovimba ukufinyelela ekukhanyeni, njenge-verbena noma i-delphinium. Ngendlela cut gazania ihlala cishe izinsuku 8-9.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezi-Hybrid zezitshalo, phakathi kwazo ezivame kakhulu yi-gatsaniya enzima ne-gazania shoot ende, zitshalwa njengonyaka. Zingafinyelela ku-30 ​​cm ukuphakama, ziqhakaze kakhulu kusukela maphakathi nehlobo kuze kufike lapho kubanda khona. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngamacembe emihlanga enemibala ehlukahlukene, yingakho zithakazelisa kakhulu abalimi. Zilungele ukudala amamiksi anemibala ehlukile, aqala ukuqhakaza ngaphambili futhi amelana nesimo sezulu esibi.
Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo eziningi, phakathi kwazo kukhona i-gazania peacock, cirrus, eyodwa-flowed. I-peacock gazania inamaqabunga amade angaba ngu-20 cm, embozwe izinwele ezinokhahlo phezulu, izimbali ezinamawolintshi ezinesikhumba esimaphakathi nendawo yendandatho emnyama ezungezile. I-Cirrus gazania inesimo seqabunga se-pinnate nezimbali zewolintshi ezinophawu olumnyama olusondele maphakathi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali eyodwa ziyisitshalo esihlangene esineziqu ezinwabuzelayo namabhasikidi aphuzi aphuzi wezimbali eziningi.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-gazania
IGatzania: Ukutshala imbewu
Izithombo zeGazania zikhula kancane, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukubala isikhathi sokutshala ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Tshala nini gatsanii lapho kukhula kusuka imbewu? Kungcono ukuqala le nqubo ekupheleni kobusika, ngoFebhuwari. Ukuthola umphumela, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake izimfanelo zesitshalo bese wenza okulandelayo:
- Ezikhuleni zezithombo ezikhulayo, kukhethwa iziqukathi ezijulile ngokwanele, ngoba lesi sitshalo sinezimpande ezinde ezinomdwebo, esidinga indawo yokuthuthuka.
- Kubekwa ungqimba lwamanzi ethangini.
- Inhlabathi ekhanyayo ilungisiwe futhi igcwaliswa.
- Imbewu ihlwanyelwa, ibeka phezu kwenhlabathi ngemuva kwe-2-3 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, futhi kufafazwe ngengqimba encane yomhlaba.
- Izilimo zitholakala zithosiwe kusuka ku-atomizer enamanzi ahleliwe endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni.
- Mboza isitsha nge-polyethylene noma ingilazi.
- Iziqongo zezithombo zibekwa endaweni efudumele, enokhanyayo enamazinga okushisa womoya okungenani angama-20 ° C.
- Umswakama wenhlabathi wansuku zonke uyahlolwa bese kwenziwa umoya. Inhlabathi akufanele yomile, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu izokoma, ikhuphuke kancane.
Ngokuhambisana nemibandela echaziwe yokunakekelwa okufanele, ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa kuzovela izithombo zokuqala. Ukusuka kulo mzuzu, ifilimu noma ingilazi isuswa ezitshalweni, iziqukathi zidluliselwa endaweni enokukhanya okuhle. Inhlabathi iyaqhubeka nokufakwa umswakama njalo, igwema ukoma ukuphuma noma ukuthambisa amanzi.
Uma izithombo zijule ngokwanele, khona-ke ukukha okwenziwa hhayi ngaphambili kunokuvela kweqabunga lesine. Isitshalo ngasinye sitshalwe ebhodweni le-peat elihlukile, ukuze kuthi lapho ukutshala enhlabathini, izimpande ezibucayi zingonakaliswa.
Kubalulekile! Izithombo ezikhululiwe zidluliselwa kwilitha, kepha igumbi elipholile elinokushisa komoya okungu-12 ° C kuya ku-16 ° C (ngokwesibonelo, kwi-loggia evaliwe). Ntambama, amahlahla kufanele ashiywe kokusalungiswa okuncane ukuze izitshalo zibe nesikhathi sokuqina.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela i-gazania
Lapho usuqede ama-frost wokugcina nokumiswa kwezinsuku ezifudumele, ungaqala ukutsala i-gazania emhlabathini ovulekile. Indawo yemibhede yezimbali ingcono ukukhetha isivakashi sase-Afrika esikhanyiswe kahle, esithanda ukushisa asesabi ukukhanya kwelanga, sibekezelela kalula isomiso. Inhlabathi kumele ibe evundile nenempilo, ikhishwe kahle. Ukufika kukaGatsaniya kwenziwa ngokwenza izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ebangeni elingama-20 cm ukusuka kwelinye, kwenziwa izimbobo lapho kuzoba lula ukubeka khona izimbiza ezinezithombo.
- Izitshalo zibekwa emithonjeni ngamabhodwe. Uma izithombo bezisakhula esitsheni esijwayelekile, khona-ke izitshalo ezincane ziyasuswa kuzo zisebenzisa ifosholo ende yengadi bese zigaya impande kanye nesigaxa somhlaba ukuze singonakalisi.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo ziyaniselwa.
- Isikhala esizungeze isithombo siyabiyelwa
Ukufakelwa kwangaphandle kwe-gazania
Ngemuva kokuba i-gatsaniya imile endaweni evulekile, izokwazi ukubekezelela kalula ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kufika ku-−5 ° C Esimweni sezulu esinamafu nasebusuku izimbali zimbozwe ngefilimu, futhi ekuseni nasendaweni enelanga kufanele zivulwe.
Ukunisela isitshalo kudinga okulinganiselayo, kuphela uma inhlabathi isomile. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi iyakhululwa bese ikhula, ivalwe ngo-mulch. Lapho uthatha isinqumo sokuthi ungayondla kanjani i-gatsaniya ngokuqhakaza izimbali eziningi, kungcono ukhethe umanyolo okhethekile wezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Inqubo yenziwa cishe izikhathi ezingama-1-2 ngenyanga.
Nakani! Ukufezekisa ukwakheka okusheshayo kwama-buds nezimbali eziningi, izimbali ezinwebekile ziyasuswa ezihlahleni.
Isitshalo minyaka yonke ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali nangokuqala kwezinsuku ezibandayo kudingeka zisikwe futhi zishiswe ukuqeda izinambuzane ezingene kuso. Ungagcina imbali kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo ngokumba amahlahla bese uwatshala ezimbizeni. Kuyadingeka ukugcina i-gatsanii ebusika emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-10 ° C. Igumbi kufanele likhanye. Izitshalo azivamile ukuniselwa, kuphela uma inhlabathi isomile ngokuphelele. Entwasahlobo, izimbali ze-gatsaniya zitshalwa embhedeni wezimbali futhi amahlumela awo anqunywe phakathi.
Imbewu yaseGazania iqoqwa ngokubeka izikhwama ze-gauze ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ezimbali ezisanda kuqala ukubuna, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu evuthiwe izondiza ngaphandle komoya ovunguzayo.
Ngemininingwane! Akuwenzi mqondo ukuqoqa imbewu yezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid, njengoba zilahlekelwa yizici zazo zezinhlobo.
Ukukhulisa izimbali ze-gazania njenge-perennial, udinga ukulandela zonke izimo ezifanayo zokunakekelwa. Ekwindla, kungafunwa gatsaniya futhi kulethwe endlini. Ngokudala izimo ezifanele, ukukhanyisa amahora angu-14 kanye lokushisa okungu-22-25 ° C, awukwazi nje ukugcina lesi sitshalo, kodwa futhi nokuzuza ukuqhakaza kwawo ebusika.
Ibekwe gazania
Izimbali ze-Gazania: ukukhula, ukunakekela, ukonga njenge-perennial
Futhi, i-gatsaniya yesikhathi eside ngesikhathi sokutshala nokunakekelwa ezimeni zobusika zaseRussia ingasindiswa ngokuyihambisa ngaphakathi, ngokwesibonelo, kuya engaphansi. Entwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo sibuyiselwa enhlabathini efudumele, sibheka izimo zokutshala ezichazwe ngenhla. Ngasekupheleni kobusika, lesi sitshalo sisatshalaliswa ngokwahlukana futhi sitshalwe ezweni elisha. Lapho-ke amabhodwe athuthelwa egumbini elifudumele nelikhanyayo, eqala ukuniselwa kaningi ukuze kancane kancane avuse okungapheli kusuka ku-hibernation.
Izifo, izilokazane nezindlela zokulwa nazo
Naphezu kokuphikiswa kwesitshalo kwezinambuzane nezifo, ukunakekelwa okungafanele kwe-gatsanii kanye nezimo ezingezinhle kuholela ekunqotshweni kwezifo zokukhunta noma izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kanye nokuvela kwezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yokukhanya okunganele kanye nomswakama owedlulele, amafomu okubola grey kwisitshalo, angaqedwa kuphela esiteji sokuqala. Kulokhu, i-gazania iphathwa ngamalungiselelo we-fungicidal.
Nakani! Amabhasi ahlaselwe kakhulu ayasuswa futhi ashiswe ukuvikela izitshalo ezinempilo kulesi sifo. Umbhede uphathwa nge-phytosporin ngenhloso efanayo.
Iminenke yensimu, evame ukudla amaqabunga aphansi e-ganzania, ivunwa ngesandla. Ngokuphuza amaqabunga ngokufisa amaqabunga, umuntu angasola ukuthi isizathu salokhu kwakuwukubonakala kwesibungu sesicabucabu kanye nama-aphid. I-tick ichithwa kusetshenziswa i-ditoxin, i-fufanon noma i-actellik. Balwa nama-aphid ngosizo lwe-int-vira, i-acarin noma i-phytoerm.
Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokunakekelwa kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhule izihlahla ze-chic gazania ekotishi. I-perennial noma yonyaka, i-daisy yase-Afrika izohlala ijabulisa ngemibala yayo egqamile engajwayelekile.
