Amagilebhisi ayisibiliboco esiphundu futhi esinempilo esiye saziwa isintu isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-7. Amagilebhisi aqukethe ama-antioxidants, amavithamini amaningi kanye namaminerali. Lesi sitshalo sithathwa njengesitshalo eseningizimu esithanda ilanga. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo zamagilebhisi eziyizinkulungwane eziningana, izici zazo ezahlukahluka ezimweni ezikhulayo ezahlukahlukene, futhi ngokuya ngokuvuthwa, kanye nenani lokuvunwa. Kulezinhlobonhlobo zamasiko amagilebhisi, kunezinhlobonhlobo ngaphansi kwegama elimnandi nelethembisayo elithi Thokozani.
Umlando wokutshalwa kwamagilebhisi
Amagilebhisi Delight avele ngenxa yokukhethwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, abazali bayo bayizinhlobo ezintathu ngasikhathi sinye: Dawn of the North, Dolores and Russian Early. Ukusuka kokuqala kwabo, i-Delight ithole impahla efana nokumelana nokuqandelwa yiqhwa, ukusuka kwesibili - ukumelana nezinto zokuhamba, futhi kusukela ekugcineni ikhwalithi yokuvuthwa kwezitshalo ezisezingeni lokuqala lidlulile.
Izinhlobonhlobo zavinjwa ososayensi baseRussia, abafakwa Kwirejista Yombuso ngonyaka we-1992.
Esikhathini eside sokutshala, i-Vostorg isisungule njengongabinayo inambitheka, inika isivuno esiphakeme futhi amagilebhisi ebusika ebekezelela ngokuphelele. Itshalwa ngempumelelo enkabeni yeRussia, izifunda zama-Urals, kanye naseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Abashisekela amazwe asondele phesheya kwezilwandle - iBelarus kanye neBaltic States - nabo bathanda ukuqina.
Amagilebhisi eVostorg atshalwe enkabeni yeRussia, izifunda zase-Urals, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude.
Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo
Izinhlobonhlobo zinezici eziqhakazile, futhi zikwazi ukuhola kahle umlimi ngenjabulo ephelele.
Ukubukeka nekhwalithi yesitshalo:
- isihlahla sokuphakama okuphakathi, sinesiqu esikhulu kanye namagatsha anamandla. Amaqabunga emvinini makhulu, aluhlaza ngombala ngombala onezinothi eziphawuliwe;
- isixha esikhulu esikhulu noma esikhulu kakhulu, esivame ukwakheka njalo, kepha singabinazici, okungekhona ukungaphuthi futhi okungathinti ikhwalithi yesitshalo;
- izinhlobo zokuzitholela impova;
- ingagonyeli izifo eziningi - isikhunta ezahlukahlukene, ukubola, isikhutha, i-oidium. Kepha usengozini ye-phylloxera;
- inokuphikiswa okuhle kakhulu kweqhwa ebusika kuya ku-25mayelanaC noma kungekho ndawo yokukhosela eyengeziwe;
- ibekezelela izikhathi ezomile;
- ukuvuthwa kufinyelela cishe ku-100%;
- zingatshalwa zombili ezingadini ezincane ezizimele nasezingeni lezimboni.
Incazelo yezithelo nezimpawu zokuvunwa:
- Ngokwesilinganiso, amasentimitha ayi-120 wesilimo angasuswa ehekeni elilodwa lesivini, kuyilapho ibhulashi elilodwa lifinyelela isisindo esingama-500 g kuya ku-2 kg;
- isikhathi sokuvuthwa esifushane - izinsuku eziyi-110-120, ezikuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno ehlobo elifushane;
- amajikijolo anejamo elijwayelekile le-oval. Zipendiwe ngombala omhlophe noma onsundu kancane, othi ngezithelo ezibheke ohlangothini olunelanga ziphenduke zibe zegolide;
- isisindo somvini owodwa sisukela ku-6 kuye ku-12 g;
- ikhasi ekhasini lezithelo likhulu, lapho livunwa, amajikijolo awonakalisi, ngenxa yokuthi adlulisela ngokuphelele ukunyakaza kumabanga amade;
- izithelo zinenyama ebabayo nekhrisithi, ukunambitheka okumnandi, okuthe xaxa, ngenkathi kunokuqukethwe ushukela omningi wamagilebhisi - 20-26%;
- asikho isidingo sokuvuna ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuthwa, amahlumela agcinwa ngokuphelele emvinini izinyanga ezi-2;
- Amajikijolo asetshenziselwa ukudla okusha, kanye nokukhiqiza amawayini, amajusi, omisiwe.
Amagilebhisi akadliwa hhayi njengomkhiqizo ozimele, kepha futhi njengengxenye yesaladi yezithelo noma njengesithako esengeziwe ezitsheni zenyama.
Delive Delight ithandwa yizingane nabadala.
Ukutshala nokukhula
Intokozo akuyona inhlobo enhle kakhulu. Ukuthola isivuno sekhwalithi, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho ejwayelekile yamgilebhisi akhulayo.
Indawo nesikhathi sokufika
Indawo ekahle yokutshala kuzoba yisiza ohlangothini oluseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga, olungagadliwe yizihlahla ezinde kanye nezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, ngaphandle kokusalungiswa nokuqina kwezindimbane zomoya obandayo. Umhlabathi wesivini esizayo kufanele ube ovundile - ama-chernozems kanye nama-loams axegayo ayindlela enhle kakhulu. Ukuhlinzeka ngamagilebhisi ngezakhi zeminyaka emi-2 ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi ivundiswa njalo ngamanyolo womanyolo kanye nezimbiwa. Umhlaba kufanele kube oswakanyiswe ngokulingana, amanzi amaningi angeze abole izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ukujula kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba kufanele kusuka ku-2,5 m.
Izindawo ezinamagilebhisi ezikhulayo azilungile.
Intokozo ingatshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kodwa abalimi abanolwazi bathanda ukutshala ukwindla ngaphezulu. Isizathu salokhu ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezinhlobonhlobo. Zombili izithombo ezincane ezinesistimu yazo yezimpande nezitshalo ezixhunyelelwe ziyabekezelela ubusika bazo bokuqala ngokufanayo, zidinga ukumbozwa ngokungeziwe. Ngokuqala kokushisa, bazoqala ukukhula okusebenzayo.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo kuvumela isihlahla ukuzivumelanisa kahle nendawo entsha nokukhulisa uhlelo lwezimpande ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Kepha kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukunikeza izithombo ngokunakekelwa okuhle - ikakhulukazi ukuthambisa okufika ngesikhathi, ngoba inhlabathi yentwasahlobo isiqala ukuqongelela kuphela umswakama futhi ngeke ikwazi ukuwanika ngokuphelele amagilebhisi amancane ngayo.
Amagilebhisi amasha maduze akhula engadini enkulu
Izindlela zokusakazwa kwamagilebhisi
Amagilebhisi asatshalaliswa izithombo noma ahlanganiswe ngesitoko. Indlela yesibili iyathandeka kakhulu, ngoba kulokhu ingozi yokuba nesifo se-phylloxera icishe iqedwe ngokuphelele. Ukugoma futhi kunezinye izinzuzo ezimbalwa:
- isihlahla samagilebhisi sithuthuka ngokushesha, ngoba asikho isidingo sokuthi abasiki bezitshalo bakhule ezabo izimpande futhi bakhule ngokhuni (konke lokhu kuyinika isiphunzi);
- amagilebhisi ahlanganisiwe aqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka olandelayo;
- umuthi wokugoma awuboshelwe esikhathini sonyaka, kufanelekile ukungafaki isikhathi sasebusika kuphela;
- inqubo ikuvumela ukuthi uvuselele ukutshala kwamagilebhisi noma ugcine ihlathi ngemuva komonakalo, ngokwesibonelo, okubangelwa izakhi noma izilwane;
- uma ubukhulu besitoko buvumela, izinhlobo eziningana zingagxilizwa kuso, ngaleyo ndlela zonga isikhala engadini.
Ukuze uthole isipikha khetha izinhlobo ezinde noma ezinde. I-Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB isiphunzi, esimelana namazinga okushisa abandayo nezifo zokukhunta, kanye ne-phylloxera, ilungele ngokuphelele ukuqina.
Uma umuthi wokugoma uhlelwe entwasahlobo, khona-ke ukulungiswa kwezilimo kufanele kuqalwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa:
- Ama-scions esikhathi esizayo anqunywa ngommese obukhali we-disinfic kusuka esihlahleni esinempilo, futhi esidonsa kahle. Ngobude, kufanele zibe ngu-10-12 cm, obukhulu - bungabi ngaphansi kosayizi wepenseli ojwayelekile, onamehlo ayi-2-3.
Ukusika kusikwa esihlahleni esinempilo nesimi kahle
- Ungasabalalisa isibulala-magciwane ukusika izitshalo ngokuzigcina isikhashana somzuzu kusixazululo esingu-3% se-sulfate yethusi, bese somile.
- Gcina ukusikwa okulungiselelwe emazingeni okushisa angadluli ku-5mayelanaC embozwe ngendwangu emanzi noma nge-polyethylene. Izindawo ezifanele kungaba yisiqandisi, hhayi indawo engaphansi yomquba noma isela.
Ama-shank ngaphambi kokugoma kufanele agcinwe endaweni enamanzi endaweni epholile.
- Ungakhohlwa ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile amagatsha asikiwe phakathi nobusika kanye nokususa isikhunta usebenzisa i-potanganum permanganate uma kungazelelwe kuvela ezitshalweni. Ukomisa okusikiwe nakho akuvunyelwe. Uma ilahlekelwe umswakama, kufanele ifakwe emanzini imizuzu engama-30, bese iphinda igoqwe futhi ngezinto lapho ibigcinwe khona.
Kumagilebhisi entwasahlobo afakwa emgodini kuphela ngemuva kokuqhakaza kuqhuma ama-scion, ngentuthuko yawo amagatsha alungiselelwe afakwa ebhakedeni lamanzi. Ukushisa komoya kufanele kube okuzinzile futhi okungenani kube ngu-15mayelanaC. Isikhathi esifanelekile sisekuseni noma kusihlwa sifudumele, kepha hhayi isimo sezulu esishisayo.
Ngaphambi kwenqubo, ungangehlisa ukusikeka imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwe-20 ngesixazululo somuthi ovusa ukukhula, isibonelo, i-Epin noma iKornevin.
Isitoko sokugoma kwentwasahlobo silungiselelwe ekwindla futhi siqukethe ukuthena isihlahla esidala nokuhlikihla i-hemp. Kunezindlela eziningi zokugoma.
Ukukopela
Kusetshenzisiwe uma isitoko ne-scion cishe kungubukhulu obufanayo. Esikrinini yenza i-oblique isike 1.5-2 cm ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwezinso eliseduze. Ukusikwa okufanayo kwenziwa esitokweni. Womabili la magatsha ahlangana phakathi kwawo ezindaweni zokusikeka. Lapho-ke le ndawo isongwe ngembobo yendwangu futhi ixazululwe nge-twine noma udaka. Le ndlela inconyelwe abalimi abanolwazi, ngoba idinga isipiliyoni esithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulingana okufanele ukusikeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunobungozi bokuthi i-scion ngeke isuswe.
Hlakaza umuthi wokugomela
Kuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokuxhunyelelwa hhayi kuphela amagilebhisi, kodwa futhi nezihlahla zezithelo ezahlukahlukene. Kufanelekile ngisho nakubaqalayo ebhizinisini lokulungisa izingadi. Igatsha okuzokwenzelwa kulo umjovo linqunywa nge-secateurs ebangeni eli-5 cm ukusuka ku-node. Ngemuva kwalokho, usebenzisa ummese, i-transverse incision yenziwa ijule ngo-3-4 cm, lapho kufakwa khona isipikili sesibambo ngaphansi kwembali. I-cleavage idonswa ndawonye ihlanganiswe ne-twine, futhi indawo yokugoma imbozwe ngendwangu.
Ividiyo: ukuhlukanisa nokugoma ukuqothula
Hlukanisa ngokuxhunyelelwa komhlaba
Le ndlela isetshenziswa ezigabeni zokuqala, ngokwesibonelo, uma udinga ukugonywa ngaphambi kokuqala kukaMeyi. Isiqu somuthi we-scion simbiwe ngu-20 cm, izimpande ezingeziwe zisuswe. Enkabeni yokusika, yenza ingxenye yesiphambano (yokuqhekeka) ka-4 cm, lapho kufakwe khona amagatsha ayi-1 we-scion. Amaphethelo walawa magatsha enzelwe imishado, njengasekuqaleni kwendlela. Indawo yokugoma kufanele imbozwe ngobumba, ungayimboza nge-polyethylene. Ngaphezulu komvini kufafazwa ngesihlabathi, esizonikeza isihlahla isivikelo ekushiseni okubandayo noma kuzimele zasentwasahlobo ezingazelelwe.
I-Drill inoculation
Kuyindlela ethuthuke kakhulu yokuqhekeka. Umgodi wokugoma awenziwa ngommese, kepha ngesikhuzo, okumele kuqala sibulawe amagciwane. I-shtamb esetshenziswe kule ndlela kufanele ibe banzi, ukujula komgodi kuyafana nangokuhlukaniswa okuvamile. Igatsha lokugoma lihlanza amagxolo endaweni elizofakwa engxenyeni ebunjiwe. Ngemuva kokuthi i-scion nesipikili kuhlanganiswe ngakunye, le ngxenye yomvini imbozwe ama-chips futhi ifakwe ngobumba. Ubuhle bendlela ukuthi umgodi obunjiwe uhlinzeka ngembobo evumayo phakathi kwezingxenye zesitshalo. Futhi lokhu, kukhulisa izinga lokusinda kwamagilebhisi.
Ukugoma amagilebhisi ehlobo
Ehlobo, ukugoma kungenziwa “kumnyama kube luhlaza” noma “luhlaza okuluhlaza”. Esimweni sokuqala, kusetshenziswa impahla evunwa ekwindla. Ama-Sprigs adinga ukuvuselelwa ngokubeka emanzini izinsuku eziningana. Ukuze usebenzise ukugoma sebenzisa kuphela lezo zibuko kuzovela izinso ngalesi sikhathi. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa indlela yokuhlukanisa, unaka ukuhlangana kwesizini yokukhula kwesitoko ne-scion. Isikhathi esifanele sisuka maphakathi noJuni siye maphakathi noJulayi.
Ngendlela eluhlaza-kuya-eluhlaza, akudingekile ukulungiselela izinto zokuxhunyelelwa kusengaphambili. Kusetshenziswa amagatsha asikiwe emvinini ngaphambi kokuxhunyelelwa. Isikhathi - Juni noJulayi.
Ukugoma okuluhlaza kuya kokuluhlaza akudingi ukulungiswa kokusebenza kwangaphambili
Autumn zomvini ngokuxhunyelelwa
Ukugoma ekwindla kungenziwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Khumbula ukuthi izinga lokushisa komoya akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-15mayelanaC. Ukuze kugonywe, kusetshenziswa isihlahla esidala, engingathanda ukukuvuselela. Isitoko sinqunywa sicishe size eziko, sisuse amagatsha size sifinyelele phezulu. Isilayi sisulwa ngendwangu emanzi futhi siphathwe nge-disinfector, khona-ke ukuqhekeka kwenziwa kuyo. I-scion ilungisiwe, njengasentwasahlobo - ngokubeka emanzini ngesikhuhli sokukhula, emva kwalokho kubonakale izinso nozwane. Sebenzisa ukusikwa okuningi kuzonyusa amathuba okuphumelela. Ukuze wandise ukugcinwa komswakama futhi unikeze ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe kumakhaza ngemuva kwenqubo, kuyadingeka ukufafaza lesi sitshalo ngengxube yomhlaba nesihlabathi noma ukusigcwalisa ngotshani, sawdust, amagatsha aqhakazile.
Ngokugoma ekwindla, ngonyaka olandelayo kungenzeka ukuthola isivuno.
Ukutshala izithombo
Izithombo zomvini zivela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili: zinemifino futhi iyimifino. Ezokuqala izitshalo ezinonyaka owodwa ubudala ezineziqu ezinamatshe, ezinesistimu yezimpande evuthiwe kanye namahlumela. Batshalwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuze kufike ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Ephreli. Izithombo zemifino bezilokhu zikhula ezimbizeni kusukela ngoFebhuwari, futhi uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande luse lusencane futhi lungakhuli. Udinga ukutshala lezi zihlahla ngezikhathi ezifudumele - ukuphela kukaMeyi noma uJuni.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo inqubo yokutshala amagilebhisi:
- Kulungiselelwe umgodi wokutshala, onamapharamitha afanayo ngobubanzi nokujula - 60-80 cm.
Umgodi wokutshala amagilebhisi unamapharamitha afanayo ngobubanzi nokujula - mayelana ne-60-80 cm
- Isendlalelo samanzi sibekwa ezansi kwaso, bese kuba nengxenye yezakhi enhlanganisweni yomhlaba ne-humus, okufanele inyathelwe.
- Phezu kwalolu ungqimba kufakwa ama-300 g we-superphosphate ne-3 l yokhuni lomlotha oluhlanganiswe ndawonye.
- Isigaba sokugcina sibuyisela inhlabathi phakathi nesihlabathi ukuze ibumbe indunduma encane.
- Amagilebhisi atshalwa cishe inyanga ngemuva kokulungiswa komgodi, lapho igquma lomhlaba lihlala khona.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zesithombo zigcinwa kubumba lobumba, bese ihlathi lifakwa emgodini.
Izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe ifakwe emgodini onenqwaba yomhlaba ezimpandeni
- Izimpande kufanele zisatshalaliswe kahle futhi zimbozwe nomhlaba.
- Lapho ungqimba ongaphezulu unyathelwa, lesi sitshalo siniselwa ngamabhakede amathathu amanzi ahleli.
- Ngemuva kwesikhashana, inhlabathi ingakhululwa futhi imbozwe nge-mulch.
Uhlelo lokutshala amagilebhisi ongabizi kakhulu
Intokozo Yokunakekela Amagilebhisi
Ukunakekela i-Delight akukubangeli ubunzima obukhulu kumgcini wegadi futhi kubandakanya nokunisela, ukufaka umquba nokuthena imivini:
- Ngaphandle kokuthi i-Delight ibekezelela izikhathi ezomile kahle, umswakama uyadingeka kuyo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuhlelwa kwezithelo. Ngalesi sikhathi, futhi uma isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu, udinga ukunisela amagilebhisi isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku ezi-3. Kodwa-ke, uma isifunda esikhulayo sibonakala ngenani elikhulu lemvula yemvelo, kubalulekile ukukhipha umswakama owedlulele usebenzisa uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi;
- Le nhlobonhlobo yamagilebhisi isabela kahle ekugqokeni okuphezulu. Ingavundiswa ngamakhompiyutha e-potassium-phosphorus afakwe emanzini. Imvamisa yokugqoka okuphezulu - isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga;
- izihlahla zobumnandi zingenziwa zombili entwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuvuthwa) kanye ekwindla, kushiye amehlo ayi-10 amahlumela. Amehlo ambalwa azoshiywa (kepha hhayi ngaphansi kuka-3-4), amakhulu kube ngamabhulashi namajikijolo. Uma izihlahla zenziwa ekwindla, kungcono ukushiya ingxenye yesithathu yamahlumela kunokunconywa. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi lesi sitshalo silulame ngokushesha ngemuva kobusika obunzima ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa isivuno. Futhi, ngaphambi kokuba ukuqhakaza kuqale, nciza amahlumela ukuze amagilebhisi angakhuli, futhi iningi lezakhamzimba yi-inflorescence;
- Ukugawulwa kwamagilebhisi kusho izinhlobo ezingadingi ukumbozwa ubusika. Kepha kwizitshalo ezisencane, kusanconywa ukwenza lokhu.
Ukubuyekezwa
Bengilokhu ngikhula ngomdlandla kusukela ngo-2000. Izinhlobonhlobo zokwethenjwa zinokwethenjelwa kakhulu, kuphela ngonyaka odlule wokuthanjiswa, ngakho-ke azikho izinkinga. Angikaze ngimbone uMildyu kuyo yonke iminyaka yokutshala kuye, kepha unobungane kakhulu ne-oidium. Ngentwasahlobo eledlule, benginamafrikhisi amabili eqandayo, izinhlobo eziningi zahlupheka ngakho, futhi Ukuhlwalwa kwakwenza kahle kakhulu. Ilenga isikhathi eside kakhulu, ushukela ugcwala kahle, umvini uvuthwa cishe ngamathiphu. Esizeni sami sivikelekile, azikho lezimanga ngemuva kobusika.
Antipov Vitaliy//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=88
Intokozo ilungele indawo yami - iyamelana nezifo, ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, umbala we-berry usondele e-amber, unambitheka okuhle, kepha amandla ayo okuvuselela ayisihle kakhulu - izihlahla ezinezimpande eziqandisiwe ebusika buka-2006 "zivuselelwe" ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Ebusika ngisebenzisa indawo yokuhlala ekhanyayo ye-spunbond ye-Delight.
Andrew//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=416
Ngesikhathi esincane nemali, amagilebhisi wokuhlwitha angaphezu kokukwazi ukubonga owamgcinile. Uma uhlala maphakathi neRussia noma ezifundeni ezinzima kakhulu, lokhu akusona isizathu sokuzincisha amajikijolo amnandi asekhulile. Futhi, kungenzeka ukwenza ujusi omnandi noma newayini eyenziwe ekhaya.
