Uhlobo lwezitshalo ezingama-monocotyledonous Amaryllis (Amaryllis) ungowomndeni Amaryllis. Esigabeni esihlukile sabelwa usomatekisi waseSweden uKarl Linnaeus ngo-1753. Ngokusho kwencazelo, lezi yizitshalo ze-herbaceous ze-herbaceous ezinezihlahla ezibonakaliswa yi-peduncle ngqo, okuluhlaza okotshani, amaqabunga amade, aqoqwe irosette elikhanyayo. Ama-inflorescences amise isambulela futhi afaka izimbali ezi-2-12. Uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lwe-Amaryllis yiBelladonna. Ukutshala nokukhulisa i-amaryllis emhlabathini ovulekile akuhlukile kakhulu ngokuzalaniswa kwasekhaya. Mayelana nalokho okwakha i-amaryllis engadini, izici zokutshala nokunakekela isivuno zichazwe ngezansi.
Ukukhetha indawo yokubeka
Ngokukhulisa imbali, izindawo ezinokhanyo kahle ziyafaneleka. Ngasikhathi sinye, kumele zivikelwe emimoyeni enamandla nokubhaliwe. Izimo ezitholakala ohlangothini oluseningizimu odongeni lwezakhiwo zihambelana nalezi zimo.
Lesi sitshalo siwumhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wengadi
Ungatshala kanjani emhlabathini ovulekile
Abaningi bayangabaza ukuthi kungenzeka ukutshala ama-amaryllis emgwaqweni. I-perennial ejwayele isimo sezulu esishisayo, ngakho-ke uma isikhule ngaphandle idinga izimo ezibandayo. Akumangazi ukuthi ezimbizeni zasekhaya lesi sitshalo sizizwa sikhululekile kakhudlwana: kulokhu kulula kakhulu ukufeza amapharamitha afunekayo. Kodwa-ke, ama-florists anokuhlangenwe nakho azalanisa ngempumelelo ama-amaryllis ezweni, engadini, engadini, imibhede yezimbali.
I-Amaryllis engadini ingatshalwa ngezindlela ezimbili: kusuka kwimbewu nama-bulbs.
Ukutshala imbewu
Le ndlela yokuzala ayisetshenziswa kakhulu, ngoba iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ayihlali iphumelela.
Kubalulekile! I-Amaryllis ekhulwe kusuka ezinhlakeni ilahlekelwa yizimpawu zohlobo lomzali nama-blooms kuphela iminyaka engu-7. Imbewu ilahlekelwa ukuqhuma kwayo, ngakho-ke kufanele itshalwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvunwa.
Imbewu itholakala ngenxa yokuwela impova, ekhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ibhulashi (chitha ngezimbali). Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa kanjena:
- Imbewu isuswa ebhokisini.
- Ungqimba lwamanzi acishe abe ngu-2 cm ubukhulu lubekwe emithonjeni.
- Ingxube yomhlaba enempilo ithululelwa ngaphezulu (ungasebenzisa okufanayo nangamabhuleki).
- Isendlalelo siyanyathelwa.
- Khiqiza ukuhlwanyela.
- Phakathi kwezithombo kufanele kube ibanga elingafika ku-1.5 cm.
- Inhlabathi ifafazwe ngesibhamu sokufafaza.
Ngemuva kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi umhlaba awomile futhi awushukumi.
Ukulinywa kwe-bulb
Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukubheka isibani ngobukhulu, ukungabikho komonakalo, isikhunta, ukubola kanye nokuba khona kwezimpande ezithuthukisiwe. Uma izindawo ezithintekile zitholakele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kufanele zinqunywe ziphathwe ngamalahle.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukukhipha isikali esifile bese ukhipha isibulala-magciwane kule-oda:
- Bamba isixazululo se-potanganum permanganate isigamu sehora.
- Phatha nge-fungicides.
Ngemuva kwamahora angama-24, izinto zokutshala ziyoma, bese zingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Kukufanele ukwazi! Lapho uthenga izinto ezibonakalayo, kubalulekile ukuthi ungazihlanganisi nama-hippeastrum bulbs. Lesi sakamuva asikwazi ukukhula nokukhula ngaphansi kwezimo "zomgwaqo". I-bulb ye-hippeastrum inesimo esiyindilinga, osayizi abakhulu, ingaphezulu layo limbozwe izikali zomthunzi okhanyayo.
I-Amaryllis esemgwaqweni kufanele itshalwe ngokwemithetho elandelayo:
- Ukufiswa kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
- Kuyayiwa kubekwa ngaphansi komthombo.
- Amabhuleki engxenyeni engaphansi angcwatshwe ngokuphelele (amasentimitha ayi-15) futhi abekwa kude ne-25-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
- I-mulching yenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala ukuze umhlaba ungashisi.
Ukunisela imibhede kufanele kube ngokulinganayo kuze kube yilapho ukuphakama amahlumela kufinyelela ku-10 cm, bese ushintshela ekuniseleni okunenala. Uma ungawunaki lo mthetho, ama-amaryllis kungenzeka aqhakaze: wonke amandla azoya ekwakhiweni kwendawo enhle kakhulu.
Qaphela! Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, umoba wezimbali ungafinyelela ubude bokuthi baqale ukugoba ngaphansi kwesisindo semali yabo. Ukuvimbela imbali ingaphuki, kunconywa ukufaka ukusekelwa.
Inhlabathi kumele ivundile futhi ixege ukuze kudlule umoya nomswakama kahle. Uma inhlabathi ingahlangabezani nezidingo ezibekiwe, kumanyolo umanyolo we-organic kanye ne-mineral, bese kwenziwa futhi amanzi. Amahlumela avela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ekuqaleni kokuwa. Izimbali ziqala iminyaka emi-2-3.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Bulb
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Umquba usetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula nokukhula kwe-amaryllis. Ngalezi zinhloso, ungasebenzisa:
- i-mullein (ingilazi eyi-1 ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi);
- amaconsi ezinyoni (1 isipuni esihlanjululwe ngo-10 amalitha amanzi).
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwethulwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali.
Iseluleko! Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, isiko lingondliwa ngengxube ye-phosphorus-potassium. Ehlobo kuzoba wusizo ukwethula umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi.
Phakathi kokunye okunconyiwe kukhona okulandelayo:
- usawoti we-potassium;
- superphosphate kabili;
- nitrophosk;
- i-magnesium sulfate;
- ammonium nitrate.
Khetha okungabizi kakhulu futhi okulungele wena.
Ubusika
Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, bayeka ukondla imbali futhi banciphise imvamisa yokunisela. Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, ukuthambisa akufakiwe. Kusukela kulo mzuzu, ukubola kwamaqabunga kuqala, futhi ekupheleni kwesizini, iziqu zivele obala.
Ukususa ngokwenziwe amapheshana angamakhompiyutha akunconyiwe, ngoba ngesikhathi senqubo yokufa, zonke izinto eziqukethwe kuzo zidlulela ku-bulb. Ngenxa yalokhu, kudalwa indawo yokugcina izakhi, edingekayo ukuze kube nokuqhakaza izimbali ngokuzayo. Uma amaqabunga ama-2-3 ehlala isikhathi eside, anganqunywa ngokucophelela ezansi kwe-bulb noma igobe.
Ngesikhathi sokulala, ama-amaryllis asendaweni evulekile kufanele ayophuziswa kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15-20. Iziqukathi ze-Bulb zigcinwa endaweni epholile, eyomile (ama-degrees angama-5-12) (i-pantry, i-greenhouse, igalaji, i-Conservatory). Ukukhanyisa imbali ekuphumuleni akudingekile. Kuleli fomu, ama-bulb asele amasonto ama-8-9.
Kubalulekile! Izinto zokutshala azibekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphansi. Ngisho nokupholisa kwesikhashana esifushane kungasithinta kabi isimo sezinhlamvu.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
I-Amaryllis Ukunisela
Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokutshala, ukuthambisa ngokulinganiselayo kuyenziwa. Abanye abalimi babeqiniseka ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ukuthi ekuqaleni lesi sitshalo asilusizo ekunikeni amanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lapho ama-peduncle ekhula ngo-10 cm, umswakama uvame. Umswakama unikezwa njengoba umhlabathi womile. Ngesikhathi senqubo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukungagcwalisi isibani.
Ukunisela
Izinkinga ezikhulayo
I-Amaryllis izwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwezimo ezikhulayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingadi ye-amaryllis izitshalo zisetshenziswa ezingavame ukuvezwa izifo kanye nezinambuzane njengezinye izilimo eziningi.
Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi lesi sitshalo siqhakaze. Lokhu kungabangelwa yizici ezilandelayo:
- Inhlabathi embi noma ukuntuleka komanyolo.
- Ukuhlelwa okungafanele kwembali, mayelana nokuthi isitshalo asilungile ekukhanyiseni noma kuvezwe kokusalungiswa.
- Uma lesi sitshalo singafakwa ebusika, khona-ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isibalo esikhulu samabhaluni sizokwakha esizeni se-amaryllis. Lokhu kuholela ekuntuleni kwezimbali. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, kunconywa ukuthi u-anyanisi ahlukaniswe nezimpande kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-3.
- Ukutshala kwe-bulb kujule kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho isiko ngeke likwazi ukwakha i-peduncle eyenziwe kahle.
Phakathi kwezifo nezinambuzane ezihlasela kakhulu ama-amaryllis yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukubola kwezimpande.
- Isibumbu.
- Ukujikeleza kwamaqabunga kanye nama-peduncle kanye nezimbali.
- Isikhala sesicabucabu.
- Ukushisa okubomvu (i-staganosporosis), okuthinta izikali ze-bulb.
- I-mosaic Viral.
- Ama-Thrips.
- I-Mealybug.
- Isibungu se-Amaryllis.
- Isihlangu.
- Isihlangu samanga esithambile.
- Ama-aphid.
- I-Nailark.
- I-Daffodil indiza.
Izimpawu zokusha obomvu yilezi:
- Izindawo ezibomvu ezibomvu ngamahlamvu kanye namahlumela.
- Ukumangalisa kwezingxenye eziluhlaza zembali, ukulahleka kokuqina.
Inothi. Ukususa isitshalo se-staganosporosis, kuyadingeka ukubekezelela isibani kusixazululo se-potanganum permanganate amahora angu-2, futhi siphathe wonke umonakalo ngohlaza okotshani namalahle. Ngemuva kwalokho isibani kufanele sigcinwe emoyeni izinsuku ezingama-7, emva kwalokho singatshalwa endaweni entsha.
I-Staganosporosis
Izimpawu zokubola kwezimpande - amabala ansundu kumaqabunga. Ungalapha usiko ngokulususa ezindaweni ezithintekile futhi uphathe imbali nge-msingi.
Imvamisa, amaqabunga e-amaryllis ahlaselwa ngama-thrips, amunca ujusi esihlwini. Izibalo ezimhlophe ezingaphezulu kwamaqabunga zikhuluma ngemiphumela yomsebenzi wazo obalulekile. Lapho silwa nezinambuzane, ukufafaza imbali nge-actellik noma i-karbofos kuzosiza.
Uma kuvela amabala aluhlaza emaqabungeni, kusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo sagula ngesigaxa segciwane.
Inothi. Ukutheleleka kudluliselwa ngokusebenzisa izinambuzane ezincelayo. Akunakwenzeka ukususa inkinga, ngakho-ke kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile ukuvimbela (ukuhlola imbali ngokuba khona kwezinambuzane ezincelisayo kanye nokubhujiswa kwazo okufika ngesikhathi).
Ukuvikelwa kwezifo
Ukunakekelwa kwezimbali ezisezingeni kusebenza njengokuvikelwa kwezifo nezinambuzane. Futhi, ukucubungula ngokucophelela ama-bulbs ngaphambi kokufaka izimpande emanzini ashisayo kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga. Udinga ukunisela izitshalo ngaphansi kwempande - lokhu kuqeda ingress yamaconsi emacembe nakumahlumela.
Kungani amaryllis aphuzi
Kungaba nezizathu ezi-2:
- Hlula ama-aphid noma ama-thrips. Isixazululo ukuphatha imbali nge-actelik.
- Umswakama owengeziwe Isixazululo ukusungula umbuso wokunisela.
Kungani i-amaryllis inamaqabunga aphaphathekile
Isizathu ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kusiko ngaphansi kwelanga elikhanyayo. I-Foliage iyasha futhi ilahlekelwe imibala yemibala. Umbala obuthuntu wamaqabunga, kuhlanganiswe nokushiswa kwawo, kungahle kube ngenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi kwenhlabathi noma ukuntuleka kwamanzi. Akunconywa futhi ukufafaza amaqabunga.
Ingadi ye-Amaryllis inezimpawu eziphezulu zokuhlobisa. Ingatshalwa kokubili ekhaya nasendaweni evulekile. Ukuze isiko lijabulise ukuqhakaza kwalo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, kubalulekile ukulinakekela kahle futhi linamathele emithethweni yokutshala endaweni evulekile.
