Cishe kuyo yonke indawo engaphansi komhlaba kunesidingo sokuqeda isihlahla esikhulayo. Izizathu zalokhu zingahluka: umuthi usomile noma ubolile, udala isithunzi esiningi, ingozi yokuqhekeka kwezintambo zamandla nokunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho izinqubo ezingezinhle ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwezitshalo zokumisa zingafinyelela ezingomakhelwane futhi zibabulale. Uma ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkuni kungalethi ubunzima, khona-ke ukususa isigaxa esisele kungaba ngumsebenzi omkhulu.
Ukususa izihlahla
Uma umuthi usengagcinwa, ungasebenzisa izinsizakalo zochwepheshe - ama-arborists, amaningi kakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni saseMoscow nesifunda saseMoscow. Amanani abo awaphakeme kakhulu esibhakabhakeni.
Isiza
Kodwa-ke, uma kwenziwa isinqumo, ukubhujiswa kwesihlahla kufanele kuqale. Ukususwa kwezihlahla kuqukethe izigaba eziningana, eyokuqala ukusikwa kwesiqu esikhulu.
Zingaki izihlahla
Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, ubude bempilo yezihlahla bungasukela emashumini ambalwa kuya eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziningana. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokukhula kwabo ayiyeki, okusho ukuthi ukwanda kobubanzi besiqu kanye nosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande. Iphinde ithonywe yizimo ezikhulayo: ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, kwezulu, isimo semvelo.
Ngemininingwane! Okusho ukuthi, eyodwa kanye nezinhlobo ezifanayo zingafinyelela amanani ahlukene phakathi kwedolobha kanye nehlathi.
Ithebula elingezansi linikeza imininingwane yokuthi zingaki izihlahla ezihlala, ezivame kakhulu eRussia. Kunikezwa amanani emikhakheni yezimo ezivumayo lapho zingaphila khona okuningi.
| Buka | Ukuphakama okukhulu, m | Iminyaka yempilo, iminyaka |
| Iplamu yasekhaya | 6-12 | 15-60 |
| Alder alder | 15-20 (25) | 50-70 (150) |
| Aspen | kufinyelela kuma-35 | 80-100 (150) |
| Intaba umlotha ojwayelekile | 4-10 (15-20) | 80-100 (300) |
| Thuja entshonalanga | 15-20 | ngaphezulu kwe-100 |
| I-alder emnyama | 30 (35) | 100-150 (300) |
| I-Warty birch | 20-30 (35) | 150 (300) |
| Elm bushelelezi | 25-30 (35) | 150 (300-400) |
| Ibhalsamu fir | 15-25 | 150-200 |
| I-fir yaseSiberia | kufika ku-30 (40) | 150-200 |
| I-Ash evamile | 25-35 (40) | 150-200 (350) |
| Isihlahla sama-apula sasendle | 10 (15) | kufika ku-200 |
| Iparele elijwayelekile | kufika ku-20 (30) | 200 (300) |
| I-Rough Elm | 25-30 (40) | kufinyelela kuma-300 |
| I-spruce yaseYurophu | 30-35 (60) | 300-400 (500) |
| Pine ejwayelekile | 20-40 (45) | 300-400 (600) |
| Amalambu amancane | kufika ku-30 (40) | 300-400 (600) |
| I-Forest beech | 25-30 (50) | 400-500 |
| Iphayini yemisedari yaseSiberia | kufika ku-35 (40) | 400-500 |
| I-spruce ehlakaniphile | 30 (45) | 400-600 |
| I-larch yase-Europe | 30-40 (50) | kuze kube ku-500 |
| Inkosi yaseSiberia | kufika ku-45 | kufika ku-500 (900) |
| Juniper | 1-3 (12) | 500 (800-1000) |
| Lzhetsuga ezejwayelekile | kufika ku-100 | kufika ku-700 |
| Iphayini yemisedari yaseYurophu | kufika ku-25 | kuze kufike ku-1000 |
| I-Yew berry | kufika ku-15 (20) | 1000 (2000-4000) |
| IsiNgisi oki | 30-40 (50) | kuze kube ku-1500 |
| Holly Maple | 12-28 | kufika ku-150 |
Ungasusa kanjani izihlahla ezomile endaweni
Ngaphambi kokusiphula isiphunzi, kubalulekile ukuqeda isihlahla. Umuthi omisiwe kufanele ususwe ezingxenyeni. Okokuqala udinga ukuqeda amahlumela kanye namagatsha esiqwini uqobo. Uma umuthi mkhulu ngokwanele futhi uqinile, ungawukhuphuka, uqaphela ukunakekelwa okukhulu. Uma incane ukuphakama, kufanele usebenzise iladi noma i-stepladder.
Nakani! Amagatsha amakhulu kunawo wonke kufanele aboshwe ngentambo bese ehliswa ngobumnene emhlabathini ukuze angalimazi izitshalo ezikhula eduze.
Lapho amagatsha esiqu esusiwe esusiwe, ungaqhubekela esigabeni esilandelayo, okungukuthi ukusika isiqu. Ngasikhathi sinye, kumele ibunjiwe ezingxenyeni, kuqala inxenye engenhla, bese enye engezansi, ishiye isiqu esingamamitha nengxenye ukuphakama. Izingxenye ezingenhla zesiqu esikhulu, kungakuhle ukuthi wehlise phansi ngentambo.
Ukuphepha, kuyadingeka ukuthola kusengaphambili indawo ecwengekile lapho kuhlelwe khona ukulahla isihlahla. Ngemuva kwalokho faka kancane kancane isiqu kusuka ezinhlangothini ezihlukile, ukufezekisa ukuthambeka kwaso ngendlela efanele.
Ungasusa kanjani iziqu zezihlahla nezimpande
Igama elithi “ukusiphula” kufanele liqondakale njengenqubo yokudonsa isigaxa somhlaba ngomzamo omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, ubunzima obukhulu bokuqothula ukususa ingadi yezimpande, okuyiqiniso, yokugcina umuthi emhlabathini.
Ukususa
Izindlela zokususa isiphunzi esidala esizeni
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokususa iziqu:
- ngomshini, usebenzisa amadivaysi akhethekile, kufaka nokufaka umuntu esikhundleni. Le ndlela ifaka phakathi ukuchoboza kanye nokususa nge-trekta noma nge-mech winch;
- amakhemikhali esebenzisa izinto ezinamakhemikhali. Indlela ilula impela, kepha idinga inani elikhulu lesikhathi (cishe unyaka) kanye nezindleko zokuthola izidakamizwa ezidingekayo;
- Imanuwali, lapho kusetshenziswa kuphela amathuluzi athuthukisiwe namandla abantu ukuze kususwe. Le ndlela isebenza kahle kuphela kusiqu esinobubanzi obuncane, noma uma somile noma sibolile.
Ukususa imfucuza yesihlahla emhlabeni owomile ngokuchoboza
Ngale ndlela, kusetshenziswa isisetshenziswa esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi i-crusher. Ungumsiki omile nge-drive, osika izinsalela zezinkuni ezomile ezingxenyeni ezithile. Ngenxa yalokhu, umgodi nama-chips kusala kusiqu.
Ukuhluza
Nakani! I-crusher ingasusa izinsalela zesiqu ku-cm angama-30. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuhlanganisiwe, akudingekile ukulungiselela indawo yokusebenza ukuze ichotshozwe, inqubo ngokwayo ishesha futhi inembile.
Izinsizakalo ezinjalo zinikezwa izinhlangano ezikhethekile. Ungathenga futhi i-grinder yokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu esitolo esithengisa ama-chainaws namanye amathuluzi afanayo.
Kodwa-ke, le ndlela inezithiyo zayo. Lapho uchotshozwa, izimpande azithinteki, ngakho-ke ikhambi lenkinga yokuthi ungasusa kanjani izimpande zezihlahla lihlala ngokubona komnikazi wendawo. Ngemuva kokususa isiphunzi ngale ndlela, isihlahla esisha asikwazi ukutshala endaweni yaso okungenani iminyaka emithathu. Izinqubo ezingezinhle eziholele ekutheni umuthi womiswe ziqhubeka ezimpandeni futhi zingasakazeka kwezinye izihlahla ezitshalwe esizeni. Okufanayo kusebenza nasezinambuzaneni ezingenakubekwa ngale ndlela.
Ukhipha izingcingo esizeni ngembazo ne-crowbar
Okokuqala udinga ukumba umhlaba uzungeze isiphunzi ibanga le-0.5-1 m kanye nokufika kwengxenye yemitha (ukujula ohlelweni lwezimpande zesihlahla). Ngemuva kwalokho, ngembazo, usike izimpande embuthanweni, uzama ukuthwebula abaningi babo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kuzoya ngokuthi isiqu sishiya indawo yaso kalula kangakanani. Uma ubukhulu be-trunk bube buncane (kufika ku-20 cm), bese usebenzisa i-crowbar ukwehlukanisa izinkuni, ngaleyo ndlela ususe isiqu sibe yizingxenye.
Uma isihlahla sikhulu ngokwanele, kuzodingeka usebenzise enye indlela, lapho udinga khona umsizi nokulungiselela okuncane. Esiqwini ngokwaso, udinga ukufaka imifino evundlile, lapho kufanele ugobe khona intambo. Umsizi uzohudula umgqomo ohlangothini oluhlukile, azame ukukhulula isiqu. Kulokhu, kuzophinde kuvezwe nezinye izimpande, okufanele futhi zinqunywe.
Ngemininingwane! Izihlahla eziningi zinezimpande ezinkulu impela phansi futhi zikhula zibheke phezulu. Ungangena kuwo kuphela ngokumba umhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Lapho ubukhulu besigaxa bukhulu, izimpande eziningi zibamba emhlabathini. Ezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla, ngokwesibonelo, i-baobab, zinesibalo sobude obungafani namamitha ayi-8. Inqubo yokukhula iyaqhubeka inqobo nje uma izihlahla seziphile iminyaka.
Ungasiphula kanjani izihlahla uma imizamo yakho ingasizi? Kulokhu, ungasebenzisa i-winch yemishini ebekwe kugandaganda. Ukuqhekeka kwentambo kuyingozi, ngoba kungalimaza hhayi kuphela izitshalo eziseduze noma ugandaganda uqobo (isivalo somoya), kodwa futhi kulimaze abantu. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa imishini, okwedlulele kufanele kususwe endaweni eyingozi. Ububi obukhulu bokuqothulwa kwezihlahla neziqu, ngukulungiswa kwendawo yokusebenza nokungasebenzi ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kalula, kanye nesilinganiso esihle sezindleko.
Enye minus - akwaziwa ukuthi uzisusa kanjani izinsalela zezimpande zezihlahla endaweni.
Amathuluzi nezinto zokulungisa ezidingekayo ukuze usike futhi usiphule isihlahla
Ukusethwa okuyinhloko kwamathuluzi okususa izingqubu kungatholakala kuzo zonke izakhiwo zekhaya:
- ifosholo (lokumba umhlaba nokusika izimpande ezincane);
- izembe;
- hacksaw;
- intambo (yokulinganisa isiqu);
- izicathulo ezintofontofo, amagilavu;
- i-winch eyenziwe ngomshini noma yemishini (uma kudingeka).
Ungasusa kanjani iziqu ngaphandle kokusiphula: indlela yamakhemikhali yokushisa nge-saltpeter
Ungabhubhisa kanjani izimpande zezihlahla ze-sawn ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukususwa kweanuwali? I-Chemistry izosiza. Isidingo esiyinhloko ukuba khona kwesamba esikhulu sesikhathi. Isibonelo, uma indawo yokubeka usawoti ibekwe ehlobo, khona-ke isigaxa kufanele sishiswe ukuphuma kwentwasahlobo elandelayo.
Iyaphuma
Izimbobo ezinobubanzi obungaba ngu-1 cm kanye nokujula okungama-40 cm ziyaphonswa phezu kwesigaxa esingaphezulu komhlaba.I-Potassium noma i-sodium nitrate ithululelwa kuwo ngesilinganiso esingu-100 g lilinye, namanzi athululelwa phezulu. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izimbobo zifakwa emgodleni ngezinkuni, futhi isiqu ngokwaso simbozwe ngokhuni lweplastiki ukuvikela umswakama ukuthi ungangeni. Kulesi simo, isiphunzi sihlala kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Entwasahlobo, ifilimu iyasuswa futhi amakhokho asusiwe. Noma yiluphi uketshezi oluvuthayo uthululelwa emigodini bese luvutha umlilo. I-nitrate isingene ngokuphelele ohlelweni lwezimpande futhi ikhipha i-oksijini ngesikhathi sokuhlangana. Ngakho-ke, isiphunzi sishiswa ngokuphelele sinezimpande ezincane kunazo zonke, ezikuvumela ukuthi ususe ama-causative agents wezifo zesihlahla. Ukususwa kwesandla akudingeki.
Kubalulekile! Sebenzisa le ndlela ngokuqapha. Kufanele ube nesicimi sokucisha umlilo nawe uma kungenzeka uphume ekuphathweni kwenqubo yokuvutha.
Nge-overdose yamakhemikhali, inhlabathi ingcolisiwe nge-nitrate. Awungeke usebenzise le ndlela kumhlabathi we-peat, ngaphandle kwalokho awukwazi ukushisa kuphela isiphunzi, kepha yonke indawo kanye nendlu.
I-Urea isizakala ne-urea
Inqubo uqobo lwayo iyafana nale echazwe ngenhla, kepha ayidingi ukushiswa, ngakho-ke lungasetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi.
Isiqu sinqunywe umhlabathi, emva kwalokho kwenziwa izimbobo ezijulile kuso, lapho kubekwa khona i-urea, namanzi athelwa phezulu. Izimbobo zivalekile, futhi isiphunzi sivaliwe ngefilimu. Ngemuva konyaka, umuthi ubhujiswa ngokuphelele, kuze kufike ezimpandeni.
Inzuzo esobala ukuthi i-urea, njengomanyolo, yenza ungqimba lomhlabathi ovundile, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokulashwa okunjalo kwanele ukumba umhlabathi futhi ungatshala noma iziphi izitshalo. Futhi, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, awudingi ukukhipha isiphunzi ngesandla.
Okubi kubalwa nesikhathi sokubhujiswa kwesiphunzi eside kanye nezindleko zokuthenga i-urea.
Kusetshenziswa amagxolo ukufaka izihlahla zemifuno nezihlahlana
I-Mulching imboza inhlabathi ngesendlalelo sezinto eziphilayo noma ezinjengemvelo ukudala izimo ezinhle zokuthuthuka kwezitshalo (gcina umswakama nezakhi zomhlabathi enhlabathini, kuvikela izimpande ekushiseni ngokweqile, ekuntuleni kokhula) kanye nokukhulisa ukuheha kwesakhiwo sengadi endaweni yokubuka okuhle. Kungenziwa zombili ku-greenhouse nasemhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukuxubha
Indwangu ngokwayo, esetshenziselwa lokhu, ibizwa nge-mulch. Ukusetshenziswa kwegxolo lokhuni kunezinzuzo eziningi:
- amagundane amagxolo futhi anelisa inhlabathi ngezakhi zomzimba;
- kwehlisa i-acidity enhlabathini, edingekayo ukuze kutshalwe izinhlobo zezitshalo ezithile;
- amagxolo aziphatha njengesihlungi semvelo samanzi, esivimbela ukungena kwezakhi eziyingozi ezimpandeni;
- kuvimbela ukuqina kwaphezulu. Ivumela ukunciphisa ukhula, okubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni ezinesistimu eyimpande engaphezulu;
- ekwakhiweni kwayo inezinto ezingavumeli izifo ezifana nokubola grey, izifo zokukhunta, ukubola kwezimpande ukukhula;
- ikuvumela ukuba ukhiphe isigaba esikhethekile sezilokazane enhlabathini ezungezile - ama-nematode enhlabathi (ama-roundworms). Lezi zidalwa ezinambuzane ziyimbangela yezifo eziningi ezitshalweni;
- Isiza ukunweba impilo yesihlahla.
Ungasika kanjani amagxolo ezihlahla ekhaya
Ngokusebenzisa i-mulching, amagxolo anoma yikuphi ukuzalaniswa asetshenziswa, isimo kuphela ukuthi akufanele siphile, ngoba ukususa amagxolo kuwo kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Izihlahla ezindala noma ezonakalisiwe nazo kufanele zigwenywe. Izinambuzane noma amagciwane angaphila kuzo. Kungcono uma kusetshenziswa izihlahla ezigawulwe ngaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Kubalulekile! Amagxolo esihlahla njenge-mulch asetshenziselwa kuphela ama-perennials. Okuningi kuya ngohlobo lwesihlahla. Isibonelo, amagxolo e-oki awalungele izitshalo ezisheshayo, uphayini uhlala isikhathi eside, kanti iBirch inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa.
Ukunquma ukuthi amagxolo alungele i-mulching, udinga ukususa ucezu oluncane lwamagxolo. Uma enenkanyezi kalula, angasetshenziselwa i-mulch.
Ngemuva kokususa amagxolo, kufanele ichotshozwe ukuze ubukhulu besiqeshana esisodwa bungabi ngaphezu kuka-5 cm. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesandla usebenzisa isikhafu noma ngesihlahla sokopha, noma kufakwe othomathikhi engadini engadini.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka inzalo kokuqukethwe. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvikela ukutheleleka kwezitshalo ngezifo nezinambuzane.
Kunezindlela ezimbili:
- ukubilisa emanzini imizuzu eyi-10;
- Ukushisa kuhhavini imizuzu engu-15-20. ngo-70 ° C.
Kubalulekile! Musa ukweqa izinga lokushisa, ngoba ukugcwala kungaphazamisa.
Izihlahla ze Mulch entwasahlobo noma ekwindla enhlabathini evundisiwe. Inhlabathi kumele yomile futhi ifudumele (ikakhulukazi kwentwasahlobo). Umanyolo ungasetjenziswa womabili omanyolo - ihhashi noma umquba wenkomo - kanye namaminerali: urea, urea, ammonium nitrate, phosphorus kanye nezinto eziqukethe i-potassium.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ungaqhubekela ngqo ku-mulching. Amagxolo athululelwa ungqimba lwe-2-5 cm, eshiya isikhala samahhala esizungeze izihlahlana ezingama-50 cm, kanye nezihlahla ezizungeze - 80 cm.
Ukugqoka
Ngemininingwane! Ukufakwa kwezihlahla zezithelo kumele kwenziwe njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
Lapho ukhetha indlela yokususa ama-stumps ekhishini lasehlobo, kufanele kubhekwe izinto eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, njengezindleko zabasebenzi, ukutholakala kwesikhathi namathuluzi adingekayo, kanye nokufinyelela kwamahhala kwesihlahla sonke. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ukususwa kwesiqu esidala endaweni kusiza ukuxazulula futhi akunangcono ukusishiya njengento yokuhlobisa.
